181:
38:
347:
313:
higher temperatures. Composition C was superseded by
Composition C2, which used a mixture of 80% RDX and 20% plasticizer. Composition C2 had a wider temperature range at which it remained plastic, from −30 to 52 °C (−22 to 126 °F). Composition C2 was replaced by Composition C3, which was a mixture of 77% RDX and 23% explosive plasticizer. C3 was effective but proved to be too brittle in cold weather and was replaced with C4. There are three classes of C4, with varying amounts of RDX and
359:
1834:
335:
96:
1848:
312:
The
British used a plastic explosive during World War II as a demolition charge. The specific explosive, Composition C, was 88.3% RDX and 11.7% non-oily, non-explosive plasticizer. The material was plastic between 0 and 40 °C (32–104 °F), but was brittle at colder temperatures and gummy at
208:, and oxidising inorganic salts. The language of the patents indicate that at this time, Silberrad saw no need to explain to "those versed in the art" either what he meant by plasticity or why it may be advantageous, as he only explains why his plastic explosive is superior to others of that type.
540:
explosives: PE2 (sheet explosive, superseded by SX2), PE3A (superseded by PE4), PE4 (pure to off-white slab, block, or stick, superseded by PE7 and PE8 in MOD usage), SX2 (sheet explosive, superseded by SX4), PE7 (pure to off-white slab or block, Hexomax variant), PE8 (pure to off-white slab or
171:
in tanks uses plastic explosives sandwiched between two plates of steel. Incoming high explosive shaped charge anti-tank rounds pierce the outer steel plate, then detonate the plastic explosive. This disrupts the energy from the incoming round and shields the tank.
180:
544:
Non-MOD explosives: Composition C-4 (M5A1 and M112 charges produced by
Mondial Defence Systems), Semtex (Several variants including Razor produced by Mondial Defence Systems, PW4 variant produced by
358:
1689:
1534:
787:
346:
1419:
938:
541:
block, current in-service slab charge), SX4 (sheet explosive), DPX (DPX1 used in L26A1 Bangalore
Torpedo Demolition Charge, DPX9 used in SABREX and as a key component of SX4)
880:
1475:
1215:
184:
PE4 sticks, used alongside the L3A1 slab version by the
British armed forces prior to the adoption of the later L20A1 block/L21A1 slab PE7 and L22A1 slab PE8 explosives
1725:
1359:
576:
1240:
1623:
200:, the British explosives chemist Oswald Silberrad obtained British and U.S. patents for a series of plastic explosives called "Nitrols", composed of nitrated
37:
1107:
1075:
157:
as they tend to be significantly more expensive than other materials that perform just as well in this. A common commercial use of plastic explosives is for
1273:
1755:
1184:
1132:
273:. Together with RDX, these incorporate various plasticizers to decrease sensitivity and make the composition plastic. The origin of the obsolete term "
1389:
559:
334:
1656:
1696:
1471:
1211:
1180:
1159:
1128:
537:
277:" dates back to the Nobel 808 explosive introduced to the U.S. by the British in 1940. The samples of explosive brought to the U.S. by the
1570:
1541:
798:
968:
620:
605:
946:
1838:
884:
131:
847:
1506:
1023:
701:
1447:
1729:
1852:
1598:
1363:
236:
401:-1H (orange-colored), Semtex 1A (red-colored), Semtex 10 (also called Pl Np 10; black-colored), Pl Hx 30 (gray-colored)
1868:
1247:
1037:
1002:
115:
and criminals as they can be easily formed into the best shapes for cutting structural members and have a high enough
1630:
244:
31:
651:
910:
771:
718:"sep 1, 1939 - Nobel Chemicals LTD produces the plastic explosive, Nobel 808, for use in World War 2 (Timeline)"
1280:
1759:
1393:
680:
211:
One of the simplest plastic explosives was Nobel's
Explosive No. 808, of the gelignite type, also known as
41:
Disposal of munitions with plastic explosives; note the malleability of the white plastic explosive charges
147:
116:
53:
1067:
420:
556:: Composition C-4 (pure white block or sheet, current in-service charges designated as M112 and M118)
220:
1331:
1306:
165:
percentage steel, a material typically used for train rail components and earth digging implements.
1873:
1663:
228:
1096:
424:
135:
49:
235:
with a distinctive smell of almonds. During World War II it was extensively used by the
British
823:
697:
601:
282:
224:
1216:"Joint Service Publication 403 Handbook of Defence Land Ranges Safety, Volume 5, Chapter 3"
976:
369:
314:
158:
127:
112:
76:
1038:"100 Years of Production and Development - From Explosives to Pharmaceutical Ingredients"
1751:
1721:
1594:
1566:
1530:
1502:
1443:
1415:
1385:
1355:
1164:
Army Code No. 71271 (Pam 4), Military
Engineering Volume II, Pamphlet No. 4 Demolitions
545:
532:
394:
307:
281:
had already been packaged by the SOE ready for dropping via parachute container to the
278:
168:
1833:
1862:
553:
303:
270:
154:
104:
95:
1805:
1781:
498:
259:
255:
193:
103:
Plastic explosives are especially suited for explosive demolition of obstacles and
84:
368:-1H (note the characteristic orange color) and an American M112 charge containing
788:"HIGH EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTS > Energetic materials for operational effectiveness"
520:
430:
352:
A Marine shapes a charge of C4 to cut through solid steel at a demolitions range
251:
240:
201:
197:
742:
232:
68:
289:. It is still referred to by this name in France and also by some Americans.
1185:"Defence Standard 13–31 Demolition Stores and Equipment 1973 (Amended 1974)"
1133:"Defence Standard 13–31 Demolition Stores and Equipment 1973 (Amended 1974)"
679:(United States patent #1092758). United States Patent and Trademark Office.
382:
247:
205:
189:
162:
139:
134:(AVRE) which was used to destroy concrete fortifications encountered during
80:
1045:
1847:
492:
474:
143:
108:
17:
681:
https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/1092758
416:
404:
388:
254:. Captured SOE-supplied Nobel 808 was the explosive used in the failed
120:
998:
717:
563:
526:
510:
486:
480:
464:
448:
436:
410:
398:
365:
326:
72:
504:
454:
442:
179:
94:
36:
514:
596:
Cooper, Paul W. (1996). "Chapter 4: Use forms of explosives".
468:
458:
266:
749:. San Francisco National Maritime Park Association. p. 5
340:
A 1.25 lb (570 g) demolition charge of C4 explosive
126:
An early use of plastic explosives was in the warhead of the
1756:"PW4 Mouldable Plastic Explosive Type [Circa 2014]"
1726:"PW4 Mouldable Plastic Explosive Type [Circa 2010]"
413:: Hexomax, Composition C-4 PLASTRITE (FORMEX P1, Pla Np 87)
741:
Department of the Navy, Bureau of
Ordnance (28 May 1947).
495:: CHEMEX (Composition C-4 equivalent), TVAREX 4A, Pl Hx 30
250:
shells and was an essential factor in the devising of the
231:
well before World War II. It had the appearance of green
1535:"Advanced Performance Bangalore Torpedo (2011 brochure)"
243:
for sabotage missions. It is also the explosive used in
67:
Plastic explosives are especially suited for explosive
1024:"RDM receives follow-on order for plastic explosives"
635:
Ledgard, Jared (2007). "Introduction to
Explosives".
911:"A NEW FAMILY OF MALLEABLE PLASTIC EXPLOSIVE BLOCKS"
637:
A Soldiers Handbook, Volume 1: Explosives Operations
1175:
1173:
30:"Plastique" redirects here. For other uses, see
577:Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives
79:. The first manufactured plastic explosive was
265:During and after World War II a number of new
99:A C-4 charge packed onto a marine anchor chain
1806:"M118 Composition C4 Block Demolition Charge"
1782:"M112 Composition C4 Block Demolition Charge"
1206:
1204:
694:Station 12: Aston House - SOE's Secret Centre
8:
1420:"CEUK Demolition Stores Capability Brochure"
269:-based explosives were developed, including
904:
902:
875:
873:
871:
1390:"Sheet Explosive SX2 [Circa 2014]"
1360:"Sheet Explosive SX2 [Circa 2010]"
48:is a soft and hand-moldable solid form of
285:and were therefore labeled in French, as
153:They are generally not used for ordinary
146:of German installations and railways in
1624:"C4 (Composition 4), Charge Demolition"
1507:"Charge Demolition Sheet Explosive SX4"
918:ndiastorage.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net
766:
764:
588:
330:
56:, plastic explosives are also known as
1571:"AP Bangalore Torpedo (2016 brochure)"
1497:
1495:
1154:
1152:
271:Compositions C, C2, and eventually C3
7:
1472:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
1212:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
1181:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
1160:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
1129:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)
566:: PP–01 (Composition C-4 equivalent)
433:: Knaverit S1 (light orange-colored)
227:), developed by the British company
71:. Common plastic explosives include
650:Braddock, Kevin (3 February 2011).
507:: PG2, PG4, GOMA 0, GOMA 1, GOMA 2
501:: PE9 (Composition C-4 equivalent)
25:
1332:"Charge Demolition PE 8oz (250g)"
1307:"Charge Demolition PE 4oz (125g)"
743:"U.S. Explosive Ordnance, OP1664"
517:-based), NSH711 (cyclonite-based)
1846:
1832:
357:
345:
333:
188:The first plastic explosive was
132:Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers
1241:"Plastic Explosive No.4 (PE4)"
1:
1837:The dictionary definition of
999:"Pakistan Ordnance Factories"
909:Mahe, Bernard (17 May 2012).
600:. Wiley-VCH. pp. 51–66.
138:(D-Day). The original use of
237:Special Operations Executive
142:supplied by the SOE was for
1003:Pakistan Ordnance Factories
824:"Explosives for Explosives"
675:Silberrad, Oswald. (1914).
1890:
513:: Sprängdeg m/46, NSP711 (
489:: PVV-5A Plastic Explosive
377:List of plastic explosives
324:
301:
32:Plastique (disambiguation)
29:
27:Type of explosive material
1688:Mondial Defence Systems.
1655:Mondial Defence Systems.
1622:Mondial Defence Systems.
1476:"DIN Digest January 2015"
1272:Mondial Defence Systems.
1239:Mondial Defence Systems.
883:. Eurenco. Archived from
848:"HIGH EXPLOSIVE PRODUCTS"
696:. The History Press Ltd.
652:"How to handle gelignite"
538:MOD (Ministry of Defence)
523:: PLASTEX produced by SSE
258:assassination attempt on
969:"Ordnance Factory Board"
423:, P8301, Seismoplast 1 (
128:Petard demolition mortar
123:for metal cutting work.
1448:"PE8 Plastic Explosive"
1595:Chemring Energetics UK
1567:Chemring Energetics UK
1531:Chemring Energetics UK
1503:Chemring Energetics UK
1444:Chemring Energetics UK
1416:Chemring Energetics UK
1097:"MKE Products Catalog"
598:Explosives Engineering
185:
117:velocity of detonation
100:
54:explosives engineering
52:. Within the field of
42:
183:
98:
83:in 1875, invented by
40:
1855:at Wikimedia Commons
855:Australian Munitions
692:Turner, Des (2006).
221:British Armed Forces
795:www.thalesgroup.com
773:Military Explosives
622:Explosive Hardening
229:Nobel Chemicals Ltd
215:(often just called
1869:British inventions
1853:Plastic explosives
1330:Primetake (2012).
1305:Primetake (2012).
1274:"L3A1 Slab Charge"
1048:on 14 January 2009
949:on 26 January 2021
881:"Explosive Blocks"
471:), C4, DPX10 (PE8)
391:: KNAUERIT SPEZIAL
287:Explosif Plastique
196:in 1875. Prior to
186:
136:Operation Overlord
101:
50:explosive material
43:
1851:Media related to
1840:plastic explosive
887:on 23 August 2014
529:: Composition C-4
421:Sprengkörper DM12
283:French Resistance
46:Plastic explosive
16:(Redirected from
1881:
1850:
1836:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1758:. Archived from
1752:Chemring Defence
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1728:. Archived from
1722:Chemring Defence
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1701:
1695:. Archived from
1694:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1662:. Archived from
1661:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1635:
1629:. Archived from
1628:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1540:. Archived from
1539:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1392:. Archived from
1386:Chemring Defence
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1362:. Archived from
1356:Chemring Defence
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1285:
1279:. Archived from
1278:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1246:. Archived from
1245:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1177:
1168:
1167:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1101:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1044:. Archived from
1034:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
979:on 11 March 2016
975:. Archived from
965:
959:
958:
956:
954:
945:. Archived from
939:"AUCUN RÉSULTAT"
935:
929:
928:
926:
924:
915:
906:
897:
896:
894:
892:
877:
866:
865:
863:
861:
852:
844:
838:
837:
835:
834:
820:
814:
813:
811:
809:
803:
797:. Archived from
792:
784:
778:
777:
768:
759:
758:
756:
754:
738:
732:
731:
729:
728:
714:
708:
707:
689:
683:
673:
667:
666:
664:
662:
647:
641:
640:
632:
626:
625:, PA&E, Inc.
618:
612:
611:
593:
361:
349:
337:
225:Second World War
113:combat engineers
58:putty explosives
21:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1859:
1858:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1547:on 14 June 2020
1544:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
973:ofbindia.gov.in
967:
966:
962:
952:
950:
937:
936:
932:
922:
920:
913:
908:
907:
900:
890:
888:
879:
878:
869:
859:
857:
850:
846:
845:
841:
832:
830:
822:
821:
817:
807:
805:
804:on 16 July 2011
801:
790:
786:
785:
781:
770:
769:
762:
752:
750:
740:
739:
735:
726:
724:
716:
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691:
690:
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674:
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660:
658:
649:
648:
644:
634:
633:
629:
619:
615:
608:
595:
594:
590:
585:
573:
483:: PMW, NITROLIT
379:
372:
362:
353:
350:
341:
338:
329:
323:
315:polyisobutylene
310:
302:Main articles:
300:
295:
178:
159:shock hardening
148:Occupied Europe
130:of the British
93:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1887:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1828:
1827:External links
1825:
1822:
1821:
1797:
1773:
1743:
1713:
1690:"Semtex RAZOR"
1680:
1647:
1614:
1586:
1558:
1522:
1491:
1463:
1435:
1407:
1377:
1347:
1322:
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1200:
1169:
1148:
1120:
1088:
1059:
1029:
1026:. 18 May 2020.
1015:
990:
960:
930:
898:
867:
839:
815:
779:
760:
733:
709:
702:
684:
668:
656:Wired Magazine
642:
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586:
584:
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569:
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542:
533:United Kingdom
530:
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508:
502:
496:
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484:
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462:
452:
446:
440:
434:
428:
414:
408:
402:
395:Czech Republic
392:
386:
378:
375:
374:
373:
364:Two blocks of
363:
356:
354:
351:
344:
342:
339:
332:
325:Main article:
322:
319:
308:Composition C4
299:
296:
294:
291:
279:Tizard Mission
252:Gammon grenade
192:, invented by
177:
174:
169:Reactive armor
105:fortifications
92:
89:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1886:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1843:at Wiktionary
1842:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1762:on 2014-10-03
1761:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1732:on 2010-11-01
1731:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1702:on 2012-03-25
1698:
1691:
1684:
1681:
1669:on 2013-10-05
1665:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1636:on 2014-01-23
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1445:
1439:
1436:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1396:on 2014-10-03
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1366:on 2010-10-31
1365:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1286:on 2010-09-28
1282:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1253:on 2014-03-19
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1068:"ÜRÜN DETAY"
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499:South Africa
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264:
260:Adolf Hitler
256:20 July plot
216:
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194:Alfred Nobel
187:
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85:Alfred Nobel
66:
61:
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45:
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1810:man.fas.org
1786:man.fas.org
1484:10 February
1340:30 November
1315:30 November
1113:21 February
1081:21 February
1042:explosif.ch
1008:21 February
661:25 February
521:Switzerland
431:Netherlands
425:Sprengmasse
241:Aston House
223:during the
198:World War I
1874:Explosives
1863:Categories
1815:2023-09-05
1791:2023-09-05
1428:20 January
1104:mke.gov.tr
1072:mke.gov.tr
1052:11 January
983:11 January
953:26 October
923:26 October
860:26 October
833:2023-09-05
808:11 January
727:2023-09-05
703:0750942770
583:References
560:Yugoslavia
427:, formbar)
233:plasticine
69:demolition
677:Explosive
383:Australia
275:plastique
262:in 1944.
248:anti-tank
239:(SOE) at
213:Nobel 808
206:collodion
202:aromatics
190:gelignite
163:manganese
140:Nobel 808
109:engineers
81:gelignite
18:Plastique
1754:(2014).
1724:(2010).
1657:"Semtex"
1599:"SABREX"
1597:(2016).
1569:(2016).
1533:(2011).
1505:(2016).
1474:(2015).
1446:(2016).
1418:(2018).
1388:(2014).
1358:(2010).
1214:(2006).
1183:(1974).
1162:(1980).
1131:(1974).
571:See also
546:Chemring
493:Slovakia
475:Pakistan
467:: NM91 (
461:Plastico
451:: Semtex
439:: C3, C4
155:blasting
144:sabotage
62:blastics
1766:12 June
1736:12 June
1706:14 June
1673:12 June
1640:12 June
1607:14 June
1579:14 June
1551:14 June
1515:12 June
1456:12 June
1400:12 June
1370:12 June
1290:12 June
1257:12 June
1224:12 June
1193:12 June
1141:12 June
1108:MKE A.Ş
1076:MKE A.Ş
943:EURENCO
891:12 June
776:. 1989.
753:12 June
477:: PE-3A
445:: PEK-1
417:Germany
405:Finland
389:Austria
219:in the
176:History
121:density
700:
604:
564:Serbia
527:Turkey
511:Sweden
487:Russia
481:Poland
465:Norway
449:Israel
437:Greece
411:France
407:: PENO
399:Semtex
366:Semtex
327:Semtex
321:Semtex
73:Semtex
1700:(PDF)
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914:(PDF)
851:(PDF)
828:DVIDS
802:(PDF)
791:(PDF)
505:Spain
455:Italy
443:India
293:Types
161:high
91:Usage
1768:2020
1738:2020
1708:2020
1675:2020
1642:2020
1609:2020
1581:2020
1553:2020
1517:2020
1486:2020
1458:2020
1430:2020
1402:2020
1372:2020
1342:2021
1317:2021
1292:2020
1259:2020
1226:2020
1195:2020
1143:2020
1115:2022
1083:2022
1054:2022
1010:2022
985:2022
955:2022
925:2022
893:2020
862:2022
810:2022
755:2017
698:ISBN
663:2012
602:ISBN
515:PETN
306:and
245:HESH
119:and
75:and
469:HMX
459:T-4
267:RDX
107:by
77:C-4
60:or
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