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mission have shown that density irregularities such as plumes or biteouts may form. It has also been shown that the plasmasphere does not always co-rotate with the Earth. The plasma of the magnetosphere has many different levels of temperature and concentration. The coldest magnetospheric plasma is
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of plasma. Aubry and Storey's studies of FR-1 VLF and electron density data further corroborated their theoretical models: VLF waves in the ionosphere occasionally passed through a thin layer of plasma into the magnetosphere,
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most often found in the plasmasphere. However, plasma from the plasmasphere can be detected throughout the magnetosphere because it gets blown around by the Earth's electric and magnetic fields. Data gathered by the twin
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Nishida, A., Formation of plasmapause, or magnetospheric plasma knee, by combined action of magnetospheric convections and plasma escape from the tail, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 5669, 1966.
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to the direction of Earth's magnetic field. Throughout the 1970s, Storey continued studying VLF waves using data gathered by FR-1. Data received from the VLF receiver on
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103:, natural phenomena caused by very low frequency (VLF) radio waves. Whistlers were first heard by radio operators in the 1890s. British scientist
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Sandel, B. R., et al., Extreme ultraviolet imager observations of the structure and dynamics of the plasmasphere, Space Sci. Rev., 109, 25, 2003.
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wave data. Traditionally, the plasmasphere has been regarded as a well behaved cold plasma with particle motion dominated entirely by the
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Storey, Llewelyn Robert Owen (1967). "Preliminary results on VLF propagation in the lower magnetosphere obtained by the FR 1 satellite".
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Carpenter, D. L., Whistler evidence of a 'knee' in the magnetospheric ionization density profile, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 1675–1682, 1963.
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Visualization of the radiation belts with confined charged particles (blue & yellow) and plasmapause boundary (blue-green surface).
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Aubry, M. P. (1968). "Some results of the FR-1 satellite experiment on the VLF wave field in the zone close to the transmitter".
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lines. From this he deduced but was unable to conclusively prove the existence of the plasmasphere. In 1963 American scientist
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spacecraft—experimentally proved the plasmasphere and plasmapause's existence, building on Storey's thinking.
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115:. Around the same time, Storey had posited the existence of whistlers meant plasma was present in
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460:"Simultaneous Ground- and Space-Based Observations of the Plasmaspheric Plume and Reconnection"
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satellite showing Earth's plasmasphere using its
Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) imager instrument.
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proved the plasmasphere and plasmapause's existence from the analysis of
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equipped with instruments for measuring VLF frequencies and the local
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The discovery of the plasmasphere grew out of the scientific study of
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origin from reaching low earth orbits and the surface of the planet.
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B. M. Walsh; J. C. Foster; P. J. Erickson (7 March 2014).
323:. Engineering and Technology History Wiki. 29 January 2019
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In 1965 Storey and French scientist M. P. Aubry worked on
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60:. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the
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Region of Earth's magnetosphere consisting of cool plasma
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show that the plasmasphere also limits highly-energetic
381:(7). Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Co.: 588–603.
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344:Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics
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392:S. R. LaValle; D. D. Elliott (1 April 1972).
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590:University of Alabama in Huntsville research
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595:Southwest Research Institute description
91:and, hence, co-rotating with the Earth.
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394:"Observations of SAR arcs from OV1-10"
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111:generated whistlers in his 1953 PhD
585:University of Michigan description
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933:Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility
600:IMAGE Extreme Ultraviolet Imager
283:Gallagher, D. L. (27 May 2015).
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52:consisting of low-energy (cool)
398:Journal of Geophysical Research
605:EUV Images of the plasmasphere
431:Karen C. Fox (March 6, 2014).
285:"Discovering the Plasmasphere"
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789:Interplanetary magnetic field
731:Magnetosphere particle motion
364:10.1016/S0021-9169(68)80005-4
293:Marshall Space Flight Center
105:Llewelyn Robert Owen Storey
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794:Heliospheric current sheet
56:. It is located above the
746:Van Allen radiation belt
726:Magnetosphere chronology
257:Magnetosphere chronology
655:Atmospheric circulation
487:10.1126/science.1247212
418:10.1029/JA077i010p01802
291:. Huntsville, AL: NASA
665:Earth's magnetic field
171:observations from the
121:Earth's magnetic field
68:and Soviet astronomer
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769:Coronal mass ejection
689:Earth's magnetosphere
50:Earth's magnetosphere
48:, is a region of the
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942:Other magnetospheres
804:Solar particle event
289:Space Plasma Physics
149:scientific satellite
1058:Terrestrial plasmas
535:. 27 November 2014.
479:2014Sci...343.1122W
410:1972JGR....77.1802L
356:1968JATP...30.1161A
132:Konstantin Gringauz
70:Konstantin Gringauz
117:Earth's atmosphere
81:very low frequency
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899:Research projects
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779:Geomagnetic storm
696:Birkeland current
532:Los Angeles Times
404:(10): 1802–1809.
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182:ultrarelativistic
89:geomagnetic field
16:(Redirected from
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1073:Geomagnetism
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1010:Lunar swirls
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741:Ring current
736:Plasmasphere
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711:Magnetopause
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441:. Retrieved
437:www.nasa.gov
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249:Space portal
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113:dissertation
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39:plasmasphere
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921:Unwin Radar
847:Double Star
784:Heliosphere
774:Solar flare
147:, a French
127:and Soviet
73: [
62:plasmapause
18:Plasmapause
1068:Atmosphere
1052:Categories
969:Ganymedian
842:Cluster II
823:Satellites
799:Heliopause
756:Solar wind
706:Ionosphere
680:Polar wind
675:Jet stream
327:1 December
298:1 December
263:References
129:astronomer
107:had shown
58:ionosphere
1005:Gas torus
1000:Flux tube
984:Neptunian
974:Saturnian
928:SuperDARN
829:Full list
701:Bow shock
670:Geosphere
513:206553014
443:April 11,
169:satellite
109:lightning
101:whistlers
505:24604196
235:See also
167:In 2014
85:whistler
1035:Neptune
1020:Jupiter
979:Uranian
959:Martian
949:Hermian
852:Geotail
475:Bibcode
467:Science
406:Bibcode
352:Bibcode
95:History
1030:Uranus
1025:Saturn
964:Jovian
906:EISCAT
878:THEMIS
866:(2015)
864:
837:(2016)
835:
660:Aurora
511:
503:
439:. NASA
186:cosmic
173:THEMIS
158:normal
137:Luna 2
83:(VLF)
54:plasma
43:inner
954:Lunar
916:SHARE
911:HAARP
872:Polar
857:IMAGE
833:Arase
509:S2CID
463:(PDF)
206:IMAGE
190:solar
162:OV3-3
77:]
41:, or
889:Wind
501:PMID
445:2017
329:2020
300:2020
188:and
145:FR-1
37:The
862:MMS
491:hdl
483:doi
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