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in 1959, but with a slightly different meaning: the "ply", in Samuel's terminology, is actually the depth of analysis ("Certain expressions were introduced which we will find useful. These are: Ply, defined as the number of moves ahead, where a ply of two consists of one proposed move by the
76:, a street consists of 2 plies, with possible plays being check/raise/call/fold: the first by the player at the big blind, and the second by the dealer, who posts the small blind; and there are 4 streets: preflop, flop, turn, river (the latter 3 corresponding to
80:). The terms "half-street" and "half-street game" are sometimes used to describe, respectively, a single bet in a heads up game, and a simplified heads up poker game where only a single player bets.
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in 1997 would typically search to a depth of between six and sixteen plies to a maximum of forty plies in some situations.
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is one turn taken by one of the players. The word is used to clarify what is meant when one might otherwise say "turn".
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The word "turn" can be a problem since it means different things in different traditions. For example, in standard
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In computing, the concept of a ply is important because one ply corresponds to one level of the
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plies; each dealt card may sometimes also be called a "street". For instance, in heads up
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The word "ply" used as a synonym for "layer" goes back to the 15th century.
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players the word "street" is used for a full betting round consisting of
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first used the term in its game-theoretic sense in his seminal paper on
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consists of a turn by each player; therefore a ply in chess is a
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Campbell, Murray; Hoane, A.Joseph; Hsu, Feng-Hsiung (2002).
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Some
Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers
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Some
Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers
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Chen, Bill and
Ankenman, Jerrod. The Mathematics of Poker
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machine and one anticipated reply by the opponent").
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154:Online Etymology Dictionary, "ply"
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270:The dictionary definition of
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295:Game artificial intelligence
181:A.L. Samuel, March 3, 1959:
166:A.L. Samuel, March 3, 1959:
186:, p. 601 (cited 2 May 2018)
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245:, Computer Science Press,
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243:How Computers Play Chess
202:Artificial Intelligence
61:is to imply 250 plies.
171:(cited 25 August 2006)
30:In two-or-more-player
156:(cited 24 April 2011)
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124:Minimax algorithm
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198:"Deep Blue"
18:Ply (chess)
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130:References
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101:game tree
51:half-move
118:See also
112:Kasparov
103:. The
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