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297:, while flowering stems produce a pair or more leaves with 1–8 flowers in the axil between the apical leaves. The flowers are white, yellow or red, 2–6 cm (1" to 2") diameter with 6–9 petals, and mature into a green, yellow or red fleshy fruit 2–5 cm (1 in to 2 in) long.
360:
to assist with nutrient uptake in infertile conditions. Mayapple plants are considered obligately dependent upon such mycorrhizae, although it may also be facultatively dependent upon rhizome age and soil nutrient levels. Plants are commonly found infected by the
378:
The unripe green fruit is toxic. The ripened yellow fruit is edible in small amounts, and is sometimes made into jelly, though when consumed in large amounts the fruit is poisonous. The rhizome, foliage, and roots are also poisonous. Mayapple contains
896:
353:
Though the common name is mayapple, in some areas it is the flower that appears in early May, not the "apple". The fruit or "apple" is usually produced early in summer and ripens later in summer.
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All the parts of the plant are poisonous, including the green fruit, but once the fruit has turned yellow, it can be safely eaten. The ripe fruit does not produce toxicity.
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up to 20–40 cm (8 in to 16 in) diameter with 3–9 shallowly to deeply cut lobes. The plants produce several stems from a creeping underground
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derived from a single root. The stems grow to 30–40 cm (12 in to 16 in) tall, with palmately lobed umbrella-like
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73:
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Lewis, W.H. and M.P.F. Elvin-Lewis. 1977. Medical Botany. Plants
Affecting Man's Health. Wiley, New York. 515 p. p. 123-124.
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370:, appearing as honeycomb-patterned orange colonies under the leaves, and yellowish lesions on the upper surface.
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p. 527–532. In: J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.), Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.
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Watson, M.A. and five others. 2001. The developmental ecology of mycorrhizal associations in mayapple,
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agent. The rhizome of the mayapple has been used for a variety of medicinal purposes, originally by
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274:. It is widespread across most of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada.
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NatureServe
Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer
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328:
149:
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741:"Conservation Assessment for the mayapple borer moth (Papaipema rutila (Guenee))"
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Wild
Flowers: An Aid to Knowledge of our Wild Flowers and their Insect Visitors
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The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region
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for their attractive foliage and flowers, and they are a larval host for the
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383:, which is highly toxic if consumed, but can be used as a topical medicine.
312:
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535:
1896 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's
Medizinal-Pflanzen
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Moraes, R.M., H. Lata, E. Bedir, M. Maqbool, and K. Cushman. 2002.
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282:
1095:
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On
American Mayapple as a practical source of podophyllotoxin
16:
Species of flowering plants belonging to the barberry family
773:
674:
Biota of North
America Program 2013 county distribution map
435:
289:; some stems bear a single leaf and do not produce any
818:
277:
Mayapples are woodland plants, typically growing in
1433:
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
1004:
801:. Iowa State University, Ada Hayden Herbarium (ISC)
788:, Berberidaceae. Evolutionary Ecology 15: 425–442.
866:. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
1428:Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)
421:in removing warts, and two of its derivatives,
799:"Puccinia podophyllin Schwein. Mayapple rust"
8:
992:
64:
38:
29:
20:
895:Ernest Small and Paul M. Catling (1999),
923:61. Cytotoxic agents/Epipodophyllotoxins
890:
888:
437:and it is derived from podophyllotoxin.
661:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
610:United States Department of Agriculture
601:Germplasm Resources Information Network
528:
444:
429:, have shown promise in treating some
323:is a drug containing podophyllin and
7:
1423:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
1418:Flora of the Eastern United States
557:. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe
14:
1311:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:107599-1
685:Flora of North America, Vol. 3,
507:
492:
477:
462:
447:
87:
952:"22nd Essential Medicines List"
976:. National Library of Medicine
835:; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) .
1:
606:Agricultural Research Service
335:is highly toxic if consumed.
748:United States Forest Service
545:NatureServe (5 April 2024).
356:Many species of plants have
303:The substance they contain (
1438:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
954:. World Health Organization
1454:
1403:NatureServe secure species
386:Mayapple has been used by
327:that is used to treat the
860:Blanchan, Neltje (2002).
433:. Etoposide is among the
222:
215:
198:
191:
84:Scientific classification
82:
62:
53:
46:
37:
28:
23:
905:Canadian Medicinal Crops
720:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1413:Flora of Eastern Canada
338:They are also grown as
226:Anapodophyllum peltatum
839:. Knopf. p. 418.
404:indigenous inhabitants
413:Mayapple can be used
1272:Podophyllum_peltatum
1036:Podophyllum peltatum
1006:Podophyllum peltatum
907:, NRC Research Press
899:Podophyllum peltatum
786:Podophyllum peltatum
774:USDA PLANTS Database
769:Podophyllum peltatum
739:Bess, James (2005).
701:"Mayapple, Mandrake"
594:Podophyllum peltatum
578:Podophyllum peltatum
549:Podophyllum peltatum
240:Podophyllum peltatum
202:Podophyllum peltatum
48:Podophyllum peltatum
833:Niering, William A.
632:Plants for a Future
406:and later by other
56:Conservation status
917:Brunton LL et al.
367:Allodus podophylli
1390:
1389:
1257:Open Tree of Life
998:Taxon identifiers
931:978-0-07-162442-8
716:"Podophyllotoxin"
703:. 31 August 2011.
344:golden borer moth
340:ornamental plants
264:American mandrake
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388:American Indians
374:Toxicity and use
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184:P. peltatum
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901:L. (May-apple)"
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381:podophyllotoxin
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348:may apple borer
333:Podophyllotoxin
311:) is used as a
305:podophyllotoxin
248:perennial plant
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250:in the family
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268:wild mandrake
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252:Berberidaceae
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193:Binomial name
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160:Berberidaceae
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980:22 September
978:. Retrieved
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956:. Retrieved
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822:6(1): 38–39.
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751:. Retrieved
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723:. Retrieved
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329:plantar wart
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272:ground lemon
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256:common names
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183:
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150:Ranunculales
133:
120:
107:
47:
18:
1285:kew-2412818
1231:NatureServe
1156:iNaturalist
1030:Wikispecies
921:, chapter:
687:Podophyllum
515:P. peltatum
500:P. peltatum
485:P. peltatum
470:P. peltatum
455:P. peltatum
358:mycorrhizae
309:podophyllin
171:Podophyllum
127:Angiosperms
74:NatureServe
1397:Categories
1364:WisFlora:
1280:Plant List
805:2013-03-16
725:2020-04-25
523:References
427:teniposide
419:escharotic
321:Posalfilin
317:cytostatic
245:herbaceous
1122:233500972
974:"PubChem"
714:PubChem.
423:etoposide
415:topically
396:cathartic
315:and as a
313:purgative
178:Species:
97:Kingdom:
24:Mayapple
1354:VASCAN:
1332:Tropicos
1269:PalDat:
1236:2.157183
1187:10584599
1174:107599-1
1021:Q1572090
1015:Wikidata
689:Linnaeus
638:28 March
615:28 March
561:26 April
408:settlers
346:and the
279:colonies
260:mayapple
217:Synonyms
156:Family:
140:Eudicots
1337:3500162
1218:MoBotPF
1135:3033839
441:Gallery
431:cancers
287:rhizome
166:Genus:
146:Order:
101:Plantae
72: (
70:Secure
1347:447954
1344:uBio:
1293:PLANTS
1262:928422
1223:277777
1096:596250
1070:121594
1044:AoFP:
929:
843:
517:flower
502:flower
417:as an
398:, and
392:emetic
390:as an
291:flower
283:leaves
270:, and
254:. Its
243:is an
229:Moench
1324:13375
1249:35933
1200:18850
1182:IRMNG
1161:49288
1148:29138
1109:PDLPE
1083:4KR3V
1054:APA:
820:FUNGI
744:(PDF)
487:fruit
472:fruit
457:fruit
295:fruit
134:Clade
121:Clade
108:Clade
1367:4553
1357:3672
1306:POWO
1298:POPE
1244:NCBI
1195:ITIS
1169:IPNI
1143:GRIN
1130:GBIF
1104:EPPO
1065:BOLD
1057:1146
1047:3636
982:2022
960:2022
927:ISBN
841:ISBN
755:2019
640:2015
617:2015
563:2024
425:and
363:rust
258:are
1375:WFO
1319:RHS
1210:546
1117:FNA
1091:EoL
1078:CoL
772:at
307:or
293:or
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903:,
887:^
746:.
718:.
659:.
608:,
604:.
598:.
580:L.
553:.
410:.
394:,
350:.
331:.
319:.
266:,
262:,
209:L.
136::
123::
110::
984:.
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897:"
849:.
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757:.
728:.
663:.
657:"
653:"
619:.
596:"
592:"
565:.
551:"
547:"
76:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
