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ecosystem processes and habitats to preventing processes from having adverse effects on the wetlands and coastal communities. Monitoring programs and limiting degrading processes like erosion are crucial for maintaining the high levels of biodiversity in the park as well as providing vital safe habitat for threatened species. Continued levels of high quality habitat both for inland waterways and coastal zones is very important for migratory birds that use the area at certain times of the year. An example of this is the orange-bellied parrot which is critically endangered largely due to habitat loss.
57:
1574:
1275:
837:
823:
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different management goals and plans. The
Linking People and Spaces strategy is used by Parks Victoria to accommodate public access and recreation activities whilst still maintaining sustainability and environmental responsibility. This plan acts to prioritize vegetation protection and restoration as well as ensure public access to abundant open spaces around Melbourne.
64:
793:
and distribution of the various habitats is also vital so that high quality ecological communities can continue to exist in the park. Another important management strategy is working with the local residents and the
Wyndham city council to the west of the park and ensure they restrain domestic animals from entering the park and causing harm to the native
346:. As well as the listed species of conservation significance the wetlands provide habitat for tens of thousands of shorebirds throughout the year. Victorian threatened species of bird that use the parklands or wetlands as habitat at some point of the year include the following. These three species are listed as endangered:
784:
Management of the Point Cook
Coastal Park is undertaken by Parks Victoria and encompasses managing recreation, environmental conservation, indigenous heritage and non-indigenous heritage. Due to the variety of important areas that require management the park has been split into seven zones that have
338:. Seven of these are listed as critically endangered, 28 considered vulnerable, 14 classified endangered as well as 25 species of fauna that are considered near threatened. Also ten of these species are classified as threatened on a national level. Under the China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (
792:
Environmental priorities within the park include maintaining control programs for introduced species of plant and animal. Other strategies include monitoring species of conservation significance and then developing targeted management regimes for those threatened species. The mapping of the quality
775:
Some visitors to the park can have detrimental impacts on the flora and fauna of the area. Accessing areas of the park such as the wetlands that are off limits to the public without a guide can lead to degradation, soil compaction, erosion, introducing species as well as disturbing birds on feeding
804:
for the
Cheetham Wetlands is crucial in maintaining a high quality and diverse wetlands. Therefore, additional pumping infrastructure is planned so that a greater quantity of water can be pumped from the Skeleton Creek. Parks Victoria is also working in conjunction with the Wyndham City Council so
808:
The inclusion of the eastern part of the park in the Port
Phillip Bay and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site has also increased the protection levels for the area as it is considered of international conservation importance. Objectives under the Ramsar convention range from protecting and enhancing
762:
of the parklands. Pollutants from sewage discharge points in Port
Phillip Bay include elevated levels of Nitrogen. Other pollutants that need to be reduced come from storm-water runoff, such as heavy metals, oils, and litter. There is also the potential threat of pollutants in runoff after heavy
243:
The parks vegetation has been altered over years of different land uses. The coastal park had been used for agricultural practices prior to reservation. Areas of the
Cheetham Wetlands were used as salt evaporation pans since the 1920s. The park is now has a variety of vegetation types varying
776:
grounds or roosting sites. Disturbing bird species that are breeding, feeding or roosting can lead to decreased survival rates particularly for species that are specialized. Access to areas of the park by vehicles in the past has also been damaging to the fragmented communities present.
763:
rainfall events, which can include biocides, sediments and nutrients. This can lead to blooms of blue-green algae if nutrient levels are high. Pumping of water from the
Skeleton Creek during periods of high runoff may lead to the accumulation of these pollutants in the wetlands.
342:) the Ramsar sites in the area including the Point Cook Coastal Park provide habitat for 40 listed species of migratory bird. Under the Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (JAMBA) 36 species of migratory bird are listed. A further 49 species are also listed under the Bonn
304:
and water-birds. They also cover wetlands which are particularly rare or unusual for this biogeographical region. Together with the other Ramsar wetlands across the western shoreline and the
Bellarine Peninsula, these areas of land provide valuable habitat for a number or
609:
people have a number of significant sites throughout the park including stone artefact sites and middens. The majority of these important sites are near the coastline or near the Point Cook homestead. Protection of these areas is ongoing and involves the
188:
The Point Cook
Coastal Park was created in 1978 and officially opened for public use in 1982. The area was owned by the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works until 1994. It was then managed by Melbourne Parks and Waterways up to 2001 before becoming
295:
The wetlands and the eastern area of the coastal park are included in the Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar site. Ramsar sites are considered of international conservation significance primarily due to the presence of
699:
and erosion as they are ground dwelling fauna. This damage to grassland and wetland ecosystems leads to further opportunities for the spread of exotic plant species that prefer disturbed soils. Native wildlife are preyed upon by feral and domestic
753:
The water in the Cheetham Wetlands is dependent on the pumping of water from Skeleton Creek. Pumping of water from the estuary must continue for the wetlands to flourish and maintain diversity in habitats as well as fauna species.
712:. Feral cats and foxes also negatively impact on shorebird populations especially when species are roosting or are flightless. There are also marine and intertidal pest species present at the coastal park. The sabellid fan worm (
744:
actions but can be increased by reducing vegetation cover or reducing stability in other ways. It can also be increased by high levels of human traffic or the public accessing areas of wetland that are off limits to the public.
570:
species. The sanctuary is particularly important as its sandbanks provide habitat for approximately 50 species of shorebirds some of which are threatened. Threatened fish species that may use the sanctuary as habitat include:
541:
The Point Cooke Marine Sanctuary is 290 hectares (720 acres) in size and preserves 3.9 kilometres (2.4 mi) of coastline adjacent to the Point Cook Coastal Park. This sanctuary houses a variety of habitats including
343:
993:
DEPI. 2003. Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site: Strategic Management Plan. Department of Environment and Primary Industries, East Melbourne, Victoria. Retrieved 28 April
767:, especially plastics have the potential to harm or kill wildlife in the park and in the marine sanctuary as waterbirds and marine mammals often consume or get trapped in these plastic that don't break down.
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The park aims to educate visitors and nearby residents on the importance of the areas cultural and natural values. This helps maintain high levels of respect for the ecosystems and heritage of the area.
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species are very resilient and have the potential to change the structure and composition of the already fragmented floristic communities of the park. The following weed species are a particular threat:
735:
of soils and sediments from coastal dune habitats as well as from saltmarshes and sand flats is a threat to the structure and composition of these coastal communities. Erosion occurs predominantly from
1170:
224:
significance. The parklands have a variety of facilities for visitors including shelters, barbecue areas, walking trails as well as an information centre. Activities undertaken in the park include
1125:
Raulings, E. J., Morris, K., Roache, M. C. & Boon, P. I. 2011. Is hydrological manipulation an effective management tool for rehabilitating chronically flooded, brackish-water wetlands?
546:
and subtidal reefs, sandy beaches, subtidal soft sediment reefs as well as seagrass beds. The reefs support an abundance of species including filter-feeders, invertebrate herbivores,
180:. The park is adjoined by the Point Cook Marine Sanctuary, which extends around the point to the south and the east. The northwestern boundary to the park is residential housing.
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1163:
1004:
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people. The Point Cook Homestead also has cultural significance and is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register. The Homestead and gardens was built in 1857.
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101:
2503:
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1454:
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Base northeast along the coast to the Laverton creek which comprises its northern boundary. The park is approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) from
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Pest animals have also been recognized as a serious threat to the parklands. Habitat and food resources are taken by pest rodents such as
1632:
2349:
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1930:
1747:
1524:
1519:
1316:
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plants and animals can severely degrade ecosystems as well as out-compete native species for breeding sites, habitat or food sources.
334:
724:) both reside along the western shoreline of Port Phillip Bay and are very successful at spreading and out-competing native species.
1514:
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1200:
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Together with the other Ramsar sites in the area a total of 29 fauna species are supported that are listed under the
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Holdsworth, M., Dettmann, B. & Baker, B. 2011. Survival in the Orange-bellied Parrot (Neopheme chrysogaster).
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2015:
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1215:
1210:
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Hardiman, N. & Burgin, S. 2010. Recreational impacts on the fauna of Australian coastal marine ecosystems.
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1384:
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2100:
2095:
2090:
2060:
2045:
1938:
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1817:
1802:
1707:
1677:
1642:
1394:
490:
329:, 12 considered rare as well as four species classified as poorly known and likely rare or worse condition.
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2055:
2247:
2209:
2110:
2025:
2010:
2005:
1916:
1712:
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916:
526:
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Delaney, G. Linking people and spaces – the development of Melbourne's metropolitan trail network. 2006.
2125:
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1752:
1617:
1034:
Fenner, F. 2010. Deliberate introduction of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, into Australia.
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1966:
1952:
1867:
1839:
1612:
1607:
1602:
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205:
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that urban development on the west side of the park has little or no negative environmental impact.
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2035:
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2040:
1722:
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2020:
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165:
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1183:
836:
828:
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The Point Cook Coastal Park has cultural values for the original indigenous population. The
420:
177:
42:
29:
953:
631:
395:
1439:
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Palmsten, M. L. & Robert, H. A. 2011. Infiltration and instability in dune erosion.
1012:
480:
460:
321:. The area supports 22 Victorian threatened flora species, two of which are considered
237:
194:
2546:
1587:
1047:
Coman, B. J. & Brunner, H. 1972. Food Habits of the Feral House Cat in Victoria.
510:
440:
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233:
169:
1777:
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306:
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The park is primarily used for recreational purposes however it has areas of high
2282:
1192:
555:
370:
229:
1990:
818:
646:
543:
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Threatened reptiles that may reside in the park include the rare swamp skink (
385:
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310:
249:
245:
225:
217:
190:
116:
103:
755:
563:
547:
301:
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as well as learning about the heritage and conservation values of the area.
173:
1005:"Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site"
794:
551:
221:
213:
732:
688:
265:
The Point Cook Coastal Park and Cheetham Wetlands have seven different
201:. The park is located within the Victorian Volcanic Plains Bioregion.
909:
Point Cook Coastal Park and Cheetham Wetlands: Future Directions Plan
764:
661:
559:
470:
1086:
Melbourne 2030 in summary – Planning for sustainable growth. 2002.
344:
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
709:
666:
339:
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314:
741:
737:
705:
692:
684:
635:
567:
2454:
2374:
2280:
1988:
1585:
1486:
1443:
1152:
1073:
Dunn, S., Friedman, R. & Baish, S. 2000. Coastal Erosion.
701:
164:
covers an area of 863 hectares (2,130 acres) and includes the
1114:
International Conference on Walking and Liveable Communities
630:
are one of the largest problems that the parklands face.
2491:
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2139:
1831:
1360:
1282:
1191:
197:. The park is listed for public purposes under the
148:
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93:
81:
23:
1088:Department of Natural Resources and Environment
758:of waterways and lakes is a real threat to the
176:, Australia in a southwesterly direction along
63:
381:These three species are listed as vulnerable:
1455:
1164:
8:
1016:(PDF). Government of Victoria. February 2012
208:significance such as Spectacle Lake and the
2504:Castlemaine Diggings National Heritage Park
2462:
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2371:
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1998:
1985:
1595:
1582:
1483:
1462:
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1440:
1171:
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269:in different areas across the landscape.
1062:Journal of Geophysical Research, Oceans
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416:These ten species are listed as rare:
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718:) and the northern Pacific sea star (
18:Protected area in Victoria, Australia
7:
1090:. Victoria. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
2558:Parks of Greater Melbourne (region)
1101:Journal of Environmental Management
193:. Management was then organized by
1049:The Journal of Wildlife Management
335:Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988
325:, four of which are classified as
144:8.63 km (3.3 sq mi)
14:
2563:Coastal parks of Victoria (state)
2519:Wimmera River Heritage Area Park
1572:
1273:
835:
821:
62:
55:
2509:Point Gellibrand Heritage Park
1036:Rev. sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz
199:Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978
1:
2573:Coastline of Victoria (state)
2568:Geography of Victoria (state)
695:. These species also lead to
267:Ecological Vegetation Classes
168:. The park extends from the
2422:
1431:Protected areas of Victoria
1404:
853:Protected areas of Victoria
749:Water regimes and pollution
153:Protected areas of Victoria
43:natural monument or feature
2594:
2478:Big Desert Wilderness Park
2492:Heritage / Historic parks
2461:
2450:
2383:
2370:
2289:
2276:
2001:
1997:
1984:
1598:
1594:
1581:
1570:
1495:
1482:
1428:
1271:
485:Numenius madagascariensis
455:Accipiter novaehollandiae
435:Cereopsis novaehollandiae
291:Coastal Tussock Grassland
279:Estuarine Flats Grassland
50:
36:
2499:Beechworth Historic Park
2283:Marine and coastal parks
1193:Marine and coastal parks
1180:Marine and coastal parks
170:RAAF Williams Point Cook
2524:Woodlands Historic Park
2514:Steiglitz Historic Park
1140:EMU Austral Ornithology
1116:, Melbourne, Australia.
800:The maintenance of the
780:Management and benefits
491:White-bellied sea-eagle
216:. It also has areas of
162:Point Cook Coastal Park
70:Point Cook Coastal Park
25:Point Cook Coastal Park
917:Government of Victoria
527:striped legless lizard
495:Haliaeetus leucogaster
282:Coast Banksia Woodland
117:37.90556°S 144.75889°E
2483:Wabba Wilderness Park
1861:Chiltern Box–Ironbark
1633:Burrowa-Pine Mountain
1489:Marine national parks
1284:Marine national parks
618:Environmental threats
525:) and the vulnerable
410:Charadrius rubricolis
400:Pedionomous torquatus
365:Neophema chrysogaster
361:Orange-bellied parrot
273:Plains Grassy Wetland
2081:Mount Arapiles-Tooan
1748:Mornington Peninsula
715:Sabella spallanzanii
587:Prototroctes maraena
566:as well as multiple
122:-37.90556; 144.75889
83:Nearest town or city
1868:Cobberas–Tingaringy
594:Galaxias truttaceus
583:Australian grayling
575:Yarra pigmy perch (
445:Stictonetta naevosa
276:Berm Grassy Wetland
113: /
2377:Marine sanctuaries
2339:Wilsons Promontory
1967:Wonnangatta–Moroka
1854:Captain James Cook
1813:Wilsons Promontory
1703:Heathcote-Graytown
1555:Wilsons Promontory
1545:Port Phillip Heads
1362:Marine sanctuaries
1347:Wilsons Promontory
1337:Port Phillip Heads
1246:Wilsons Promontory
1127:Freshwater Biology
843:environment portal
802:hydrological cycle
721:Asterias amurensis
628:Introduced species
623:Introduced species
592:Spotted galaxias (
523:Egernia conventryi
515:Pezoporus wallicus
465:Ixobrychus minutus
355:Ardeotis australis
351:Australian bustard
298:threatened species
285:Coastal Dune Scrub
2553:IUCN Category III
2540:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
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2445:
2366:
2365:
2272:
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2268:
2267:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1638:Chiltern-Mt Pilot
1568:
1567:
1530:Ninety Mile Beach
1437:
1436:
1322:Ninety Mile Beach
679:Italian buckthorn
657:Artichoke thistle
601:Cultural heritage
431:Cape Barren goose
288:Coastal Saltmarsh
166:Cheetham Wetlands
158:
157:
2585:
2466:Wilderness parks
2463:
2452:
2372:
2278:
1999:
1986:
1910:Mallacoota Inlet
1663:Dandenong Ranges
1596:
1583:
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1510:Churchill Island
1484:
1464:
1457:
1450:
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1302:Churchill Island
1277:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1129:. 56, 2347-2369.
1123:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1103:. 91, 2096-2108.
1097:
1091:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1065:
1058:
1052:
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1039:
1032:
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914:
904:
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829:Australia portal
826:
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824:
697:land degradation
652:African boxthorn
643:Serrated tussock
425:Oxyura australis
421:Blue-billed duck
375:Sterna albifrons
313:species of both
178:Port Phillip Bay
128:
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2543:
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2541:
2528:
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2324:Gippsland Lakes
2285:
2264:
2242:Wabonga Plateau
2235:Terrick Terrick
2135:
2031:Cathedral Range
1993:
1972:
1939:St Arnaud Range
1827:
1798:Terrick Terrick
1688:Greater Bendigo
1623:Brisbane Ranges
1590:
1577:
1564:
1550:Twelve Apostles
1491:
1478:
1471:Protected areas
1468:
1438:
1433:
1424:
1356:
1342:Twelve Apostles
1278:
1269:
1231:Gippsland Lakes
1187:
1177:
1147:
1146:
1142:. 111, 222-228.
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396:Plains-wanderer
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2214:Great Otway NP
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2165:
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2148:Angahook–Lorne
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2131:Werribee Gorge
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1899:
1892:
1885:
1882:Ferntree Gully
1878:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1763:Mount Richmond
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1743:Mitchell River
1740:
1738:Lower Goulburn
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:Hattah-Kulkyne
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1591:
1588:National parks
1586:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
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1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
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1487:
1480:
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1469:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1415:Ricketts Point
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:Bay of Islands
1197:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1131:
1118:
1105:
1092:
1079:
1066:
1053:
1051:. 36, 848-853.
1040:
1038:. 29, 103-111.
1027:
1013:Parks Victoria
996:
959:
925:
863:
862:
860:
857:
856:
855:
847:
846:
832:
817:
816:
814:
811:
781:
778:
772:
769:
750:
747:
729:
726:
681:
680:
677:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
624:
621:
619:
616:
602:
599:
598:
597:
590:
580:
577:Edelia obscura
538:
535:
519:
518:
508:
505:Falco subniger
498:
488:
481:Eastern curlew
478:
468:
461:Little bittern
458:
448:
438:
428:
414:
413:
403:
393:
379:
378:
368:
358:
293:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
262:
259:
257:
254:
195:Parks Victoria
185:
182:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
97:
91:
90:
85:
79:
78:
69:
68:
61:
60:
54:
53:
52:
51:
48:
47:
37:
34:
33:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2590:
2579:
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2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
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2554:
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2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
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2494:
2490:
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2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Mushroom Reef
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:Marengo Reefs
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:Shallow Inlet
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:Discovery Bay
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2190:French Island
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Paddys Ranges
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Mount Samaria
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:Mount Buangor
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Broken-Boosey
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1883:
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1872:
1870:
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1865:
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1862:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
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1844:
1842:
1841:
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1830:
1824:
1821:
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1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:Port Campbell
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Murray-Sunset
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Mount Buffalo
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:Lower Glenelg
1731:
1729:
1728:Little Desert
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:French Island
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:Croajingolong
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
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1636:
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1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:French Island
1523:
1521:
1520:Discovery Bay
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Mushroom Reef
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:Marengo Reefs
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:French Island
1315:
1313:
1312:Discovery Bay
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:Shallow Inlet
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:Discovery Bay
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1155:
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1135:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
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1096:
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1089:
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1080:
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1057:
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1041:
1037:
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1000:
997:
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976:
974:
972:
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968:
966:
964:
960:
955:
943:
928:
926:1-920789-02-2
922:
918:
911:
910:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
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891:
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887:
885:
883:
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869:
865:
858:
854:
851:
850:
844:
838:
833:
830:
819:
812:
810:
806:
803:
798:
796:
790:
786:
779:
777:
771:Public access
770:
768:
766:
761:
757:
748:
746:
743:
739:
734:
727:
725:
723:
722:
717:
716:
711:
707:
703:
698:
694:
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686:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
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663:
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650:
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641:
640:
637:
633:
629:
622:
617:
615:
613:
608:
600:
595:
591:
588:
584:
581:
578:
574:
573:
572:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:, ascidians,
553:
549:
545:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
516:
512:
511:Ground parrot
509:
506:
502:
499:
496:
492:
489:
486:
482:
479:
476:
472:
469:
466:
462:
459:
456:
452:
449:
446:
442:
441:Freckled duck
439:
436:
432:
429:
426:
422:
419:
418:
417:
411:
407:
406:Hooded plover
404:
401:
397:
394:
391:
390:Sterna nereis
387:
384:
383:
382:
376:
372:
369:
366:
362:
359:
356:
352:
349:
348:
347:
345:
341:
337:
336:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
300:or migratory
299:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
271:
270:
268:
260:
255:
253:
251:
247:
244:according to
241:
239:
235:
234:bird watching
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
183:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
98:
96:
92:
89:
86:
80:
58:
49:
44:
40:
39:IUCN category
35:
31:
22:
16:
2428:Point Danger
2388:Barwon Bluff
2356:
2355:
2350:Cape Schanck
2348:
2345:
2314:Corner Inlet
2309:Cape Liptrap
2257:
2251:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2176:Coopracambra
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2101:Mount Napier
2096:Mount Lawson
2091:Mount Granya
2061:Langi Ghiran
2046:Holey Plains
2006:Arthurs Seat
1965:
1960:Wingan Inlet
1958:
1951:
1946:Tarra Valley
1944:
1937:
1931:Point Nepean
1929:
1922:
1917:Mount Eccles
1915:
1908:
1903:Hattah Lakes
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1823:Yarra Ranges
1778:Point Nepean
1653:Coopracambra
1515:Corner Inlet
1410:Point Danger
1370:Barwon Bluff
1307:Corner Inlet
1263:
1262:
1257:Cape Schanck
1255:
1252:
1221:Corner Inlet
1216:Cape Liptrap
1139:
1134:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1108:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1011:
999:
930:. Retrieved
919:. May 2005.
908:
807:
799:
791:
787:
783:
774:
760:biodiversity
752:
731:
719:
713:
682:
672:Pampas grass
626:
612:Boon wurrung
611:
607:Boon wurrung
606:
604:
593:
586:
576:
540:
530:
522:
520:
514:
504:
501:Black falcon
494:
484:
474:
464:
454:
451:Grey goshawk
444:
434:
424:
415:
409:
399:
389:
380:
374:
364:
354:
333:
331:
294:
264:
242:
206:conservation
203:
198:
187:
161:
159:
15:
2456:Other parks
2423:Point Cooke
2393:Beware Reef
2304:Cape Conran
2248:Warby Range
2210:Melba Gully
2111:Mount Worth
2026:Cape Nelson
2011:Black Range
1991:State parks
1934:(1988-1995)
1896:Glenaladale
1808:Warby-Ovens
1793:Tarra-Bulga
1788:Snowy River
1773:Organ Pipes
1718:Lake Eildon
1683:Great Otway
1648:Cobboboonee
1540:Point Hicks
1535:Point Addis
1477:, Australia
1405:Point Cooke
1375:Beware Reef
1332:Point Hicks
1327:Point Addis
1211:Cape Conran
1186:, Australia
1075:Environment
950:|work=
708:as well as
556:crustaceans
531:Delma impar
371:Little tern
261:Terrestrial
230:bushwalking
184:Description
133:Established
120: /
108:144°45′32″E
95:Coordinates
2547:Categories
2438:The Arches
2398:Eagle Rock
2357:Point Cook
2329:Nooramunga
2228:Pink Lakes
2126:Warrandyte
2121:Reef Hills
2071:Lerderderg
2056:Lake Tyers
1953:Tingaringy
1668:Errinundra
1420:The Arches
1380:Eagle Rock
1264:Point Cook
1236:Nooramunga
859:References
647:Spiny rush
544:intertidal
386:Fairy tern
327:vulnerable
323:endangered
311:threatened
302:shorebirds
250:ecological
248:and other
246:topography
226:picnicking
218:historical
191:Crown land
105:37°54′20″S
88:Point Cook
2259:Whipstick
2204:Kara Kara
2197:Kamarooka
2076:Moondarra
1875:Dandenong
1818:Wyperfeld
1803:The Lakes
1708:Kara Kara
1678:Grampians
1643:Churchill
1505:Cape Howe
1297:Cape Howe
1077:. 42, 36.
952:ignored (
942:cite book
756:Pollution
564:shellfish
548:sea stars
174:Melbourne
2299:Bunurong
2169:Chiltern
2162:Carlisle
2051:Kooyoora
2036:Dergholm
1713:Kinglake
1693:Gunbower
1628:Budj Bim
1500:Bunurong
1475:Victoria
1292:Bunurong
1206:Bunurong
1184:Victoria
813:See also
795:wildlife
552:anemones
252:values.
238:swimming
222:cultural
214:wetlands
149:See also
30:Victoria
2403:Jawbone
2066:Leaghur
2041:Enfield
1753:Morwell
1618:Baw Baw
1560:Yaringa
1385:Jawbone
1352:Yaringa
733:Erosion
728:Erosion
689:rabbits
256:Ecology
212:listed
2346:Former
2221:Nepean
2183:Eildon
2155:Barmah
2140:Former
2021:Bunyip
1889:Fraser
1840:Bogong
1832:Former
1613:Barmah
1608:Alpine
1603:Alfred
1253:Former
1064:. 116.
923:
765:Litter
662:Fennel
560:sharks
537:Marine
471:Brolga
210:Ramsar
2413:Merri
1924:Otway
1847:Bulga
1395:Merri
1020:1 May
1008:(PDF)
994:2014.
932:1 May
913:(PDF)
710:foxes
667:Gorse
340:CAMBA
319:fauna
315:flora
41:III (
2473:Avon
1723:Lind
1022:2014
954:help
934:2014
921:ISBN
742:wave
740:and
738:wind
706:dogs
702:cats
693:mice
691:and
685:rats
636:Weed
632:Pest
568:fish
317:and
307:rare
220:and
160:The
141:Area
136:1978
1473:of
1182:of
533:).
309:or
2549::
1010:.
962:^
946::
944:}}
940:{{
915:.
867:^
797:.
704:,
687:,
562:,
558:,
550:,
236:,
232:,
228:,
45:)
2254:)
2250:(
2216:)
2212:(
1463:e
1456:t
1449:v
1172:e
1165:t
1158:v
1024:.
956:)
936:.
596:)
589:)
585:(
579:)
529:(
517:)
513:(
507:)
503:(
497:)
493:(
487:)
483:(
477:)
473:(
467:)
463:(
457:)
453:(
447:)
443:(
437:)
433:(
427:)
423:(
412:)
408:(
402:)
398:(
392:)
388:(
377:)
373:(
367:)
363:(
357:)
353:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
