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Pole and Hungarian brothers be

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81: 937: 359: 519: 968: 953: 903: 22: 799:. Upon the Soviet invasion, Poland evacuated its government and substantial army and air units into allied Romania; considerable Polish military were simultaneously evacuated into Hungary, to the west of Romania. The evacuated Polish forces quickly, eluding or escaping internment, made their way west to France, there to regroup and continue the war alongside Poland's western allies. In June 1944, there were around 15,000 Polish refugees in Hungary. 921: 765: 887: 1022: 1008: 664: 257: 994: 618:, who analyzed Polish-Hungarian correspondence and personal encounters in the late 15th and the first half of the 16th century, concluded that with no other neighbour did the Poles have such "frequent and lively" contacts, which intensified with time and led to many strong friendships as well as mutual sociocultural, military, and legal influences. 467:
The nobility of both countries enjoyed wine (imported to Poland primarily from Hungary during the Middle Ages), resulting in a similar temperament and lifestyle. In Hungary, the saying became widely known outside noble circles in the late 19th century. According to one source, the proverb's original
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of several months earlier. The Romanian government took a similar stance, also refusing passage. When the Hungarians tried to send ammunition trains, Czechoslovakia again refused but Romania agreed, provided the Hungarians used their own trains. Hundreds of Hungarian volunteers fought on Poland's
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Until mid-March 1939, Germany had considered a restored Hungarian-Polish frontier, for military reasons, undesirable. In March 1939, however, in response to Hungary's lobbying, Hitler changed his mind about a common Hungarian-Polish frontier and decided instead to betray Germany's ally, the
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as an imminent danger to adjacent southeastern Poland, with its majority-Ukrainian population, and in November 1938 had launched paramilitary operations to assist Hungary in taking over the region, which Hungary had governed to the end of World War I. Consequently, in March 1939,
806:, many Hungarian soldiers, sympathetic to the Polish cause, gave munitions, medical supplies, and rations for the Polish Underground, and some even defected to join their Polish brothers. Hungarian soldiers assisted in the evacuation of civilian families during the Uprising. 817:. The blood banks had to work 24 hours a day because of how many people lined up to give blood for wounded Hungarians. By 3 November, 1,210 litres of blood and blood plasma had been delivered from Poland to Hungary, while by 12 November, 11,196 Poles had donated blood. The 936: 502:(present-day Spiš, Slovakia), of the confederation's leaders. According to another source, it "comes from the period when the Generality of the Bar Confederation (the Confederation's supreme authority) took up residence in Eperjes (now 379:(nobility) – reflects a long special relationship between Poland and Hungary. Poles and Hungarians considered themselves brothers in war and peace. They recognized that the two countries shared a similar political structure: a 417:
The Poles recognized that both countries' noble classes had similar lifestyles, employed similar military tactics and weaponry, and shared common history, making them "brothers". When the Poles in 1576 elected the Hungarian
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states: "The Commonwealth was partitioned into three parts, subjected to three annexing powers. It was then that the popular proverb came into being, which appears in a number of variants:
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On 12 March 2007, Hungary's parliament declared 23 March as Hungarian-Polish Friendship Day. Four days later, the Polish parliament declared 23 March Polish-Hungarian Friendship Day by
243:("friend"), though the words look similar. The Polish version is commonly quoted by Poles. The Hungarian language has 10 versions, most of which are two-line, eight-syllable couplets. 1470: 902: 967: 216:, each of the four lines containing eight syllables. The shorter Hungarian version has a single couplet, each of the two lines also consisting of eight syllables. The Polish 2201: 636:, Hungarians collected money for Polish insurgents and provided help and shelter to Polish refugees. Many of them also joined the ranks of the Polish rebels. During the 779:
In September 1939, Hitler asked Hungary to allow German forces to transit Hungarian territory in order to speed the German attack on eastern Poland; Hungary's Admiral
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means to restore their common border by engineering the return of Carpathian Ruthenia to Hungary. A step toward this goal was realized with the 2 November 1938
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became ruler of Poland, crowned "king" in Poland's capital, Kraków, on 16 October 1384. In 1440–1444, the two countries shared the same king again, after King
1316: 699:. The treaty with Hungary was not signed until 4 June 1920, did not become effective until 26 July 1921, and was never published in Poland's Journal of Laws. 2386: 2813: 622: 3376: 2164: 1821: 886: 2691: 2618: 3288: 727: 3455: 1894: 2726: 1604: 1403: 1111: 607:
Polish-Hungarian relations became particularly close during the rule of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland and Hungary. The Polish historian
550: 321: 2777: 2757: 2731: 2208: 293: 1674: 752:, Ukrainian nationalists would insist on an independent Ukraine. Polish political and military authorities, for their part, had seen the 3074: 2994: 2803: 2103: 2055: 2045: 391:) with a democratic parliamentary system in which the state and king were controlled by a non-aristocratic noble class. The Polish word 1924: 1884: 1874: 1869: 758: 479: 2910: 2839: 2232: 1962: 1361: 855:
Friendship Day is celebrated regularly in both countries with concerts, festivals, and exhibitions. Some Polish music groups, such as
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Stalinism in Poland, 1944–56: Selected Papers from the Fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies, Warsaw, 1995
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declined permission, on the ground that it would be incompatible with Hungarian honor. On 17 September 1939, pursuant to the
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government refused them passage through the demilitarized zone which had existed between Czechoslovakia and Hungary since the
1977: 278: 1939: 289: 3028: 2798: 2563: 2553: 2319: 1131: 573: 518: 1170: 788: 61: 2409: 2281: 2154: 1944: 1899: 1814: 1444: 1160: 978: 810: 637: 523: 784: 3445: 3311: 2999: 2940: 2915: 2859: 2684: 2613: 2603: 2558: 2353: 2196: 2070: 1972: 1175: 1879: 541:) clans in Hungary. His family was guarded by Záh knights. Władysław married a Polish-Byzantine-Hungarian princess, 3450: 3346: 3278: 3161: 2808: 2793: 2718: 2490: 2483: 2449: 2174: 2113: 2081: 1992: 581: 1238: 267: 3381: 3258: 3139: 3089: 2967: 2874: 2849: 2227: 2191: 2095: 1934: 3435: 2920: 2884: 2864: 2528: 2394: 2365: 2267: 2179: 2088: 1914: 1430: 601: 1061: 748:. Hitler had been concerned that if a Ukrainian army, organized there, accompanied German forces invading the 1645:
Tischler, János (2006). "Poland and Hungary in 1956". In Lee, Congdon; Király, Béla K.; Nagy, Károly (eds.).
3099: 3069: 2977: 2854: 2736: 2598: 2477: 2444: 2375: 2339: 2309: 2273: 2169: 2159: 2144: 2019: 1929: 1864: 1807: 1553:"The number of Poles having escaped to the territory of Hungary during the Second World War: facts and data" 1327: 1155: 314: 3359: 3354: 3298: 3191: 3129: 2945: 2925: 2677: 2439: 1909: 1197: 803: 608: 358: 672: 648: 3440: 3331: 3283: 3114: 3059: 2950: 2608: 2548: 2424: 2404: 2139: 1997: 1762: 1750: 829: 558: 470:
Węgier, Polak dwa bratanki i do szabli i do szklanki. Oba zuchy, oba żwawi, niech im Pan Bóg błogosławi.
1150: 1056: 741: 710:, led to the remainder of the country being taken over by Germany), Poland and Hungary worked through 3369: 3233: 3094: 2989: 2930: 2573: 2434: 2380: 2334: 2213: 2149: 2075: 2065: 2033: 1854: 1563: 597: 589: 1254: 487: 3336: 3326: 3253: 3218: 3124: 3016: 3004: 2984: 2957: 2935: 2827: 2454: 2314: 2127: 2050: 1736: 1499: 1380:
Hungary and Transylvania: With Remarks on Their Condition, Social, Political and Economical, Vol. 1
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sent 44 tons of medical supplies to Hungary by air, and larger amounts were sent by road and rail.
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Tischler, János (1999). "Polish Leaders and the Hungarian Revolution". In Kemp-Welch, A. (ed.).
1126: 1121: 626: 419: 399: 1586: 1418: 588:. From 1490 to 1526, both countries were ruled by separate but closely related branches of the 3400: 3273: 3228: 3183: 3173: 3119: 3104: 3047: 3033: 2879: 2844: 2709: 2508: 2503: 2399: 2286: 2002: 1919: 1774: 1740: 1728: 1718: 1650: 1625: 1600: 1567: 1538: 1526: 1514: 1491: 1483: 1399: 1378: 1357: 1331: 1185: 1116: 1081: 1071: 959: 912: 860: 696: 633: 569: 542: 475: 1431:"Magyar segítség a lengyel-bolsevik háborúban – Lengyelország Magyarországon – Portal Gov.pl" 3201: 3084: 3064: 2972: 2653: 2583: 2578: 2459: 2370: 2291: 1769:(edited, with introduction and notes by) Andrzej Grzywacz, Marcin Kwiecień, Grzegorz Mazur, 1041: 818: 780: 764: 745: 703: 491: 1270: 3409: 3321: 3268: 3243: 3238: 2588: 2543: 2521: 2014: 1987: 1904: 1145: 1066: 1046: 1027: 833: 773: 577: 366: 49: 3144: 1245:(The Strange Life of Polish Men and Women), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1865, pp. 155, 193. 872: 3364: 3206: 2869: 2658: 2514: 1699: 1207: 1165: 1141: 1106: 1013: 814: 692: 652: 585: 546: 534: 483: 427: 404: 380: 1021: 946:
commemorating Hungarians' help to 140,000 Polish soldiers and refugees in World War II
640:, some 10,000 Polish volunteers fought for Hungarian independence, and Polish General 3429: 3414: 3306: 2962: 2498: 1298: 1290: 1202: 1193: 1101: 999: 943: 411: 65: 1739:
Operation), Warszawa, Wydawnictwo Czasopism i Książek Technicznych SIGMA NOT, 1992,
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of 1919–21, Hungary offered to send 30,000 cavalry to Poland's aid; however, the
3211: 1217: 1086: 849: 825: 688: 680: 663: 557:, was also king of Poland, 1370–1382, after the death of his uncle, Polish King 522:
Battle of Piski in which Hungarians and Poles defeated the Austrians during the
256: 1791: 3196: 2414: 989: 974: 856: 840:. The gesture is perceived as another example of Polish-Hungarian friendship. 836:
as a result of a misunderstanding, as it was believed to be the armor of King
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captain and six of his men, who fell fighting on the Polish side in the 1944
687:(also known as Carpathian Rus, were part of several Hungarian states). After 683:
into the 18th century, Poland and Hungary shared a border between Poland and
1317:"Stosunki między elitami władzy Polski i Węgier na przełomie XV i XVI wieku" 711: 1770: 503: 37: 795:
seized eastern and southeastern Poland and incorporated them into western
1859: 893: 737: 706:(which fatally wounded Czechoslovakia and, after the proclamation of the 507: 375: 1830: 796: 281: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 233: 225: 213: 414:
which was the medieval venue for mass meetings of Hungarian nobility.
2700: 908: 668: 436: 393: 236: 426:) king of Poland, he introduced military reforms, creating Poland's 1799: 813:, Poles demonstrated their support for the Hungarian insurgents by 60:
version) are English translations of a proverbial saying about the
2669: 662: 517: 431: 79: 1675:"Renesansowa zbroja młodego Zygmunta II Augusta trafiła na Wawel" 730:, who had begun organizing Ukrainian military units in 1938 in a 1261:(The Renaissance and Reformation in Poland), vol. 36–38, p. 161. 732: 576:
became also King of Hungary. At age twenty he was killed in the
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Uchwała Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 16 marca 2007 r.
397:(a gathering to resist royal authority) derives from Hungary's 474:
The saying probably originated after the 1772 collapse of the
250: 229: 691:, the Allies transferred Carpathian Ruthenia from Hungary to 1517:, "Poland's 1938 Covert Operations in Ruthenia", pp. 370–71. 1419:
http://nemzetisegek.hu/repertorium/2012/05/belivek_15-19.pdf
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Refugees in Hungary: Shelter from Storm During World War II
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after King Stephen Báthory; it was subsequently called the
1445:"Wsparcie Węgier dla Polski w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej" 1541:, "Poland's 1938 Covert Operations in Ruthenia", p. 372. 1529:, "Poland's 1938 Covert Operations in Ruthenia", p. 366. 1490:", vol. XXIII, no. 3 (September 1989), pp. 366–67, 370. 911:
plaque commemorating Hungarians' support for the Polish
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countries led by Poland and Hungary was defeated by the
1755:"Referat o działaniach dywersyjnych na Rusi Karpackiej" 1647:
1956: the Hungarian Revolution and War for Independence
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The saying – a 16th- or 18th-century coinage by Polish
1757:("Report on Covert Operations in Carpathian Rus"), in 1725:, vol. XXIII, no. 3 (September 1989), pp. 365–73. 1396:
The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490-1848: Attributes of Empire
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side in the war, and some stayed in Poland afterward.
1305:(The Sarmatians and the World), vol. 3, 2001, p. 453. 3345: 3297: 3182: 3160: 3046: 2897: 2826: 2786: 2717: 2708: 2468: 2352: 2249: 2126: 2032: 1841: 1599:(in Hungarian). HM Hadtörténeti intézet és Múzeum. 553:, became queen of Hungary. Her son, Hungarian King 537:, found shelter at the courts of the Aba and Záh ( 1733:Przepust karpacki: tajna akcja polskiego wywiadu 1721:, "Poland's 1938 Covert Operations in Ruthenia", 1510: 1508: 1496:Przepust karpacki: tajna akcja polskiego wywiadu 1486:, "Poland's 1938 Covert Operations in Ruthenia", 824:In February 2021, Hungary returned to Poland the 671:commemorating Hungarian aid to Poland during the 88:, Hungary, with the saying inscribed on its steps 761:took over the remainder of Carpathian Ruthenia. 1560:Acta Universitatis Szegediensis: Acta historica 1356:. Matthias Corvinus Publishing. pp. 9–10. 478:(1768–72), which had been formed to defend the 1759:Zbiór dokumentów ppłk. Edmunda Charaszkiewicza 116:The full, two-couplet Hungarian version reads 2685: 1815: 8: 1347: 1345: 1190:River(s) that connect(s) Poland to Hungary: 859:, feature Hungarian musicians (for example, 1471:"A trianoni békeszerződés és Lengyelország" 863:and Gábor Németh); Hungarian bands such as 207:together they battle and drink their wine. 3166: 3052: 2903: 2832: 2714: 2692: 2678: 2670: 2358: 2255: 2132: 2038: 1847: 1822: 1808: 1800: 1673:Małgorzata Wosion-Czoba; Karol Kostrzewa. 1593:Hungarian Soldiers and the Warsaw Uprising 644:became a national hero of both countries. 524:Hungarian War of Independence of 1848–1849 434:-makers from Transylvania. In Poland, the 1649:. East European Monographs. p. 117. 958:Memorial, in Budapest, to victims of the 896:, symbolizing Polish-Hungarian friendship 341:Learn how and when to remove this message 1383:. Lea & Blanchard. pp. 165–166. 763: 357: 239:) differs in meaning from the Hungarian 84:Polish-Hungarian friendship monument in 20: 1231: 882: 62:traditional brotherhood and camaraderie 1668: 1666: 728:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 193:Pole and Hungarian — two good friends, 1761:(Collection of Documents by Lt. Col. 1112:Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary 623:1576 Polish–Lithuanian royal election 7: 1624:. MacMillan Press Ltd. p. 126. 871:feature Polish musicians, including 279:adding citations to reliable sources 212:The saying's Polish version has two 54:Pole and Hungarian, two good friends 1588:Magyar katonák és a Varsói felkelés 1398:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 136. 832:, which ended up in Hungary in the 363:Polish Soldier and Hungarian Ladies 205:Pole, Hungarian — two good friends, 195:fighting, and drinking at the end. 1735:(The Carpathian Bridge: a Covert 161:Pole and Hungarian — two brothers, 151:Upon them may God's blessings be. 149:Both are valiant, both are lively, 147:good for fight and good for party. 140:The Polish text may be translated 14: 2750:Partitions, duchies and kingdoms 1498:(The Carpathian Bridge: a Covert 702:After the 30 September 1938 632:After the outbreak of the Polish 490:, the saying was inspired by the 3135:Upper Silesian Industrial Region 1259:Odrodzenie i reformacja w Polsce 1020: 1006: 992: 966: 951: 935: 919: 901: 885: 545:. The daughter of Władysław and 290:"Pole and Hungarian brothers be" 255: 1773:, Księgarnia Akademicka, 2000, 1394:Sutter Fichtner, Paula (2003). 1326:(in Polish and English) (130). 1295:Polak, Węgier — dwa bratanki... 266:needs additional citations for 178:Lengyel, magyar – két jó barát, 145:Pole and Hungarian brothers be, 122:Lengyel, magyar – két jó barát, 92:The saying's Polish text reads 629:, was elected king of Poland. 596:Władysław, son of Polish King 480:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 46:Pole and Hungarian brothers be 1: 1767:opracowanie, wstęp i przypisy 1315:Baczkowski, Krysztof (2003). 1281:(Winged Words), 1990, p. 830. 430:and importing Poland's first 167:May the Lord God bless them. 165:Both courageous, both lively, 163:good for saber and for glass. 98:Polak, Węgier — dwa bratanki, 1890:Principality of Transylvania 1243:Dziwne życie Polaków i Polek 1161:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 979:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 811:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 695:. Poland never ratified the 638:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 582:Central and Eastern European 369:(Czartoryski Museum, Kraków) 182:együtt harcol s issza borát. 172:A shorter Hungarian couplet 126:Együtt harcol s issza borát, 110:niech im Pan Bóg błogosławi. 2916:Central European Initiative 2727:Prehistory and protohistory 1925:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary 1792:Polish-Hungarian dictionary 1352:Kapronczay, Károly (1999). 1176:Union of Hungary and Poland 134:Áldás szálljon mindkettőre. 102:i do szabli, i do szklanki, 3482: 1077:Władysław I the Elbow-high 744:, which had been restyled 657:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War 580:, in which a coalition of 531:Władysław I the Elbow-high 510:) between 1769 and 1772". 130:Vitéz s bátor mindkettője, 3394: 3169: 3055: 2906: 2835: 2631: 2387:Universities and colleges 2361: 2258: 2135: 2041: 1958: 1850: 913:November 1830–31 Uprising 3456:Hungary–Poland relations 2911:Administrative divisions 2366:Anti-Hungarian sentiment 2046:Administrative divisions 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2320:Telecommunications 1945:Revolution of 1956 1900:Revolution of 1848 1781:, pp. 106–30. 1502:Operation), p. 11. 1275:Andrzej Romanowski 1181:First Vienna Award 1151:Ignacy Łukasiewicz 1057:Béla IV of Hungary 1052:Coloman of Galicia 1037:Mieszko II Lambert 892:Two-oaks mural in 777: 742:Subcarpathian Rus' 720:First Vienna Award 677: 527: 500:Kingdom of Hungary 454:Sigismund III Vasa 371: 188:may be translated 90: 42: 34:Czartoryski Museum 3451:Culture of Poland 3423: 3422: 3390: 3389: 3312:Ethnic minorities 3156: 3155: 3042: 3041: 2995:Political parties 2941:Foreign relations 2893: 2892: 2822: 2821: 2778:Poland since 1989 2667: 2666: 2627: 2626: 2410:Human trafficking 2348: 2347: 2245: 2244: 2209:Political parties 2155:Foreign relations 2122: 2121: 2028: 2027: 1940:People's Republic 1920:Treaty of Trianon 1606:978-963-7097-88-1 1405:978-0-333-71694-6 1324:Prace Historyczne 1271:Henryk Markiewicz 1239:Michał Czajkowski 1117:Matthias Corvinus 1082:Jadwiga of Kalisz 1072:Yolanda of 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According to 420:Stephen Báthory 410:, a field near 402: 389:natio Hungarica 367:Georg Haufnagel 356: 347: 336: 330: 327: 284: 282: 272: 260: 249: 209: 206: 197: 194: 185: 180: 169: 166: 164: 162: 153: 150: 148: 146: 137: 132: 128: 124: 113: 108: 104: 100: 78: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3479: 3477: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3428: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3405: 3404: 3396: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3362: 3357: 3351: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3303: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3188: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3150: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3115:Stock exchange 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3036: 3034:Visegrád Group 3031: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3017:Prime Minister 3014: 3013: 3012: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2978:Prison Service 2975: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2954: 2953: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2921:Climate change 2918: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2870:Poland A and B 2867: 2865:National parks 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2790: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2763:Interwar years 2760: 2755: 2747: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2723: 2721: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: articles 2699: 2697: 2696: 2689: 2682: 2674: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2649: 2648: 2641: 2633: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2532: 2525: 2518: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2487: 2474: 2472: 2466: 2465: 2463: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2378: 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Kasparek 1714: 1711: 1709: 1708: 1692: 1662: 1655: 1637: 1630: 1612: 1605: 1577: 1543: 1539:Józef Kasparek 1531: 1527:Józef Kasparek 1519: 1515:Józef Kasparek 1504: 1492:Józef Kasparek 1484:Józef Kasparek 1476: 1462: 1436: 1422: 1411: 1404: 1386: 1369: 1363:978-1882785124 1362: 1341: 1307: 1283: 1263: 1247: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1188: 1186:Visegrád Group 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1166:Sylwester Zych 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1142:Michael Kovats 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1107:Maria of Bytom 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1017: 1014:Hungary portal 1003: 987: 984: 983: 982: 972: 965: 963: 960:Katyń massacre 957: 950: 948: 941: 934: 932: 925: 918: 916: 907: 900: 898: 891: 884: 880: 877: 845: 844:Friendship Day 842: 815:donating blood 693:Czechoslovakia 600:, became King 547:Maria of Bytom 535:Teutonic Order 515: 512: 484:Russian Empire 385:Rzeczpospolita 355: 352: 349: 348: 263: 261: 254: 248: 245: 203: 191: 175: 159: 143: 119: 95: 77: 74: 52:version) and " 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3478: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3296: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3095:Merchant Navy 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 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Index

Late-16th-century etching of two groups of three men
Johann Wilhelm Baur
Czartoryski Museum
Kraków
Polish
Hungarian
traditional brotherhood and camaraderie
Poles
Hungarians

Eger
couplets
parlance
brother
son
fraternal
nephew

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Late-16th-century etching of a Polish cavalryman, his horse, a Turkish captive and two Hungarian noblewomen
Georg Haufnagel

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