2732:
62:
2744:
134:, the Earth rotates with respect to a fixed spin axis. Research shows that during the last 200 million years a total true polar wander of some 30° has occurred, but that no rapid shifts in Earth's geographic axial pole were found during this period. A characteristic rate of true polar wander is 1° or less per million years. Between approximately 790 and 810 million years ago, when the
304:(1970), Hapgood speculated that accumulated polar ice mass destabilizes Earth's rotation, causing crustal displacement but not disturbing Earth's axial orientation. Hapgood argued that shifts (of no more than 40 degrees) occurred about every 5,000 years, interrupting 20,000- to 30,000-year periods of polar stability. He cited recent North Pole locations in
204:, many conjectures have been suggested involving very rapid polar shift. A slow shift in the poles would display the most minor alterations and no destruction. A more dramatic view assumes more rapid changes, with dramatic alterations of geography and localized areas of destruction due to earthquakes and tsunamis.
368:
has occurred at various times in the past, the rates are much smaller (1° per million years or slower) than predicted by the pole shift hypothesis (up to 1° per thousand years). Analysis of the evidence does not lend credence to
Hapgood's hypothesized rapid displacement of layers of Earth.
153:
are defined by the points on the surface of Earth that are intersected by the axis of rotation. The pole shift hypothesis describes a change in location of these poles with respect to the underlying surface – a phenomenon distinct from the changes in axial orientation with respect to the
512:
252:. During two proposed near-approaches in about 1450 BCE, he suggested that the direction of Earth's rotation was changed radically, then reverted to its original direction on the next pass. This disruption supposedly caused earthquakes,
185:, the corollary to plate tectonics which maintains that locations of the continents have moved slowly over the surface of Earth, resulting in the gradual emerging and breakup of continents and oceans over hundreds of millions of years.
324:, Hapgood conceded Einstein's point that the weight of the polar ice is insufficient to cause polar shift. Instead, Hapgood argued that causative forces must be located below the surface. Hapgood encouraged Canadian librarian
264:
between 776 and 687 BCE also caused Earth's axis to change back and forth by ten degrees. Velikovsky cited historical records in support of his work, although his studies were generally ridiculed by the scientific community.
227:, an electrical engineer, advanced a hypothesis of catastrophic pole shift. Brown also argued that accumulation of ice at the poles caused recurring tipping of the axis, identifying cycles of approximately seven millennia.
281:. Skeptics counter that these works combine speculation, the work of psychics, and modern folklore, while largely avoiding any effort at basic science by trying to disprove their own hypothesis.
141:
existed, two geologically rapid phases of true polar wander may have occurred. In each of these, the magnetic poles of Earth shifted by approximately 55° due to a large shift in the crust.
292:
is now perhaps the best remembered early proponent of the hypothesis that some climate changes and ice ages could be explained by large sudden shifts of the geographic poles. In his books
596:
Maloof, Adam C.; et al. (2006). "Combined paleomagnetic, isotopic, and stratigraphic evidence for true polar wander from the
Neoproterozoic Akademikerbreen Group, Svalbard, Norway".
956:
Martinez-Frias, Jesus; Hochberg, David; Rull, Fernando (December 13, 2005). "Contributions of Albert
Einstein to Earth Sciences: A review in Commemoration of the World Year of Physics".
372:
Data indicates that the geographical poles have not deviated by more than about 5° over the last 130 million years, contradicting the hypothesis of a cataclysmic polar wander event.
2184:
1523:
1480:
375:
More rapid past possible occurrences of true polar wander have been measured: from 790 to 810 million years ago, true polar wander of approximately 55° may have occurred twice.
1449:
1314:
2950:
2577:
2805:
2475:
130:, but this change is on much longer time-scales and does not involve relative motion of the spin axis with respect to the planet. However, in what is known as
1528:
1121:
461:
1631:
1394:
3001:
2634:
2572:
213:
1307:
1156:
Tarduno, John A.; Smirnova, Alexei V. (January 15, 2001). "Stability of the Earth with respect to the spin axis for the last 130 million years".
598:
83:
867:
1713:
809:
746:
41:
This article is about the hypothesis of pole shift in its historical context. For a description of the modern scientific understanding, see
1651:
777:
Alexander, Robert E. (2005). "The
Velikovsky Affair: Case History of Iatrogenic Behavior in Physical Science". In Robert F. Morgan (ed.).
2890:
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1158:
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1300:
1263:
389:
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1073:
1045:
929:
786:
212:
An early mention of a shifting of Earth's axis can be found in an 1872 article entitled "Chronologie historique des
Mexicains" by
2191:
1887:
2238:
1735:
1708:
1339:
558:
434:
893:
1596:
1023:
816:
177:, the well-accepted geological theory that Earth's surface consists of solid plates which shift over a viscous, or semifluid
2910:
2791:
1986:
1892:
1344:
220:
who interpreted ancient
Mexican myths as evidence for four periods of global cataclysms that had begun around 10,500 BCE.
2875:
2639:
2036:
1936:
74:
3011:
2940:
2770:
2519:
1718:
1668:
2955:
2925:
2830:
2179:
2031:
2006:
1416:
556:
Andrews, J. A. (August 10, 1985). "True polar wander - An analysis of cenozoic and mesozoic paleomagnetic poles".
2930:
2649:
2582:
2425:
2157:
2152:
2026:
1856:
1698:
1485:
409:
404:
1135:
192:, the occasional reversal of Earth's magnetic field (effectively switching the north and south magnetic poles).
2850:
2755:
2644:
2539:
2465:
2292:
1921:
1621:
1323:
1202:
467:
414:
328:
to pursue scientific evidence backing
Hapgood's claims. Flem-Ath published the results of this work in 1995 in
2945:
2750:
2319:
2174:
1470:
1085:
Hoffman, P. (1999). "The break-up of
Rodinia, birth of Gondwana, true polar wander and the snowball Earth".
399:
3006:
2765:
2599:
2546:
2440:
2263:
2108:
1466:
1284:
224:
2840:
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1981:
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1404:
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278:
155:
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2098:
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1810:
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527:
217:
189:
46:
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1846:
1792:
1740:
1703:
1693:
1399:
958:
633:
429:
424:
237:
232:
35:
31:
756:
170:. Geologically, a surface shift separate from a planetary shift, enabled by earth's molten core.
2845:
2378:
2373:
2351:
2336:
2228:
2016:
1996:
1946:
1909:
1899:
1750:
1587:
1126:
1001:
967:
482:
384:
201:
2731:
513:"Apparent and true polar wander and the geometry of the geomagnetic field over the last 200 Myr"
443:, another fringe hypothesis that has often been suggested as a cause for cataclysmic pole shifts
921:
Earth's
Shifting Crust: A Key to Some Basic Problems of Earth Science, introduction by Einstein
2975:
2611:
2512:
2307:
2115:
2080:
2041:
1991:
1882:
1866:
1609:
1572:
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1518:
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993:
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925:
812:
805:
782:
681:
662:
394:
365:
359:
182:
167:
131:
108:
42:
779:
The
Iatrogenics handbook: a critical look at research and practice in the helping professions
699:
119:, causing calamities such as floods and tectonic events or relatively rapid climate changes.
2996:
2760:
2695:
2524:
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112:
50:
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2001:
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1641:
1431:
1411:
1334:
751:
494:
347:
297:
289:
174:
150:
1210:, an analysis of arguments made for a Late Pleistocene Pole Shift, based on the ideas of
1018:
Olsen, Brad. 'Modern Esoteric: Beyond Our Senses', San Francisco, CCC Publishing, 2014).
1098:
981:
611:
571:
531:
61:
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2142:
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1492:
1211:
729:
419:
325:
274:
178:
1005:
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2011:
1914:
1760:
1658:
1604:
1513:
1372:
1065:
676:
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919:
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2715:
2397:
2258:
2253:
2090:
2075:
1951:
1926:
1555:
1475:
1382:
1367:
1240:
341:
868:"Earth's magnetic field is not about to reverse and trigger global catastrophe"
2865:
2860:
2665:
2480:
2450:
2435:
2223:
2211:
1971:
1833:
1459:
1268:
1198:
Analysis of specific evidence used to argue for geologically recent Pole Shift
989:
305:
159:
127:
123:
939:
841:
2407:
2196:
2125:
2070:
2065:
1931:
1772:
1678:
1421:
1292:
579:
997:
829:
The World to Come: The Guides' Long-Awaited Predictions for the Dawning Age
685:
277:
arguments for the hypothesis, including journalist and New Age enthusiast
17:
2700:
2685:
2216:
2201:
2103:
1941:
1389:
1246:
Charting Imaginary Worlds: Pole Shifts, Ice Sheets, and Ancient Sea Kings
539:
253:
163:
1257:
The Kerplop! Theory: Acme Instant Ice-Sheet Kit (Some Assembly Required)
972:
2920:
2900:
2783:
2680:
2534:
2529:
2366:
2356:
2164:
1976:
1688:
1683:
309:
257:
245:
138:
1250:
1038:
Perilous planet earth: catastrophes and catastrophism through the ages
2965:
2690:
2616:
1280:
1256:
1245:
619:
313:
111:
claim that there have been recent, geologically rapid shifts in the
636:
2361:
2120:
1253:
More about interpreting ancient maps and ideas of Charles Hapgood.
317:
249:
241:
116:
2705:
1251:
Minds in Ablation Part Five Addendum: Living in Imaginary Worlds
261:
2787:
1296:
55:
1196:
Alleged "Evidence" of Earth Crustal Displacement (Pole Shift)
894:"Will a Magnetic Pole Shift Mean the End of the World?"
79:
1524:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
1450:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
710:, Paris, France: Société d'Ethnographie: 77–85, 1871
340:
The idea of earth crust displacement is featured in
2821:
2658:
2627:
2560:
2418:
2089:
1964:
1875:
1832:
1825:
1791:
1595:
1586:
1501:
1355:
728:
511:Besse, Jean; Courtillot, Vincent (November 2002).
656:Cottrell, R. D.; Tarduno, J. A. (June 30, 2000).
2578:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
1040:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 113–114.
781:. Morgan Foundation Publishers. pp. 21–24.
658:"Late Cretaceous True Polar Wander: Not So Fast"
49:. For the periodic motions of Earth's axis, see
30:"Polar Shift" redirects here. For the book, see
364:While there are reputable studies showing that
320:(63°N, 135°W). However, in his subsequent work
27:Claim of past rapid changes of the Earth's axis
2476:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
2951:Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern
2799:
1481:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
1308:
1122:"Tracing Graham Hancock's Shifting Cataclysm"
173:Pole shift hypotheses are not connected with
8:
1068:, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1995).
520:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
506:
504:
1529:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
2806:
2792:
2784:
1829:
1632:Climate change and civilizational collapse
1592:
1315:
1301:
1293:
188:Pole shift hypotheses are not the same as
971:
675:
591:
589:
308:(60°N, 73°W), the Atlantic Ocean between
2635:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
2573:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
1062:When The Sky Fell: In Search of Atlantis
463:Ends of the Earth: Shifting of the Poles
551:
549:
452:
1218:"The Wild Side of Geoarchaeology Page"
700:"Chronologie historique des Mexicains"
599:Geological Society of America Bulletin
490:
480:
296:(1958) (which includes a foreword by
285:Earth crustal displacement hypothesis
214:Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg
7:
1652:Tipping points in the climate system
755:. September 13, 1948. Archived from
2896:Equatorial Indian Ocean oscillation
1647:Extinction risk from climate change
1546:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
1159:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1120:Brass, Michael (July–August 2002).
230:In his pseudo-scientific 1950 work
2607:List of fictional doomsday devices
390:Large low-shear-velocity provinces
260:. Further, he said near misses by
25:
2886:Diurnal air temperature variation
2871:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
2856:Atlantic multidecadal oscillation
1627:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
1264:"Earth's Poles May Have Wandered"
1087:Journal of African Earth Sciences
747:"Science: Can the Earth Capsize?"
166:, and is an amplified event of a
105:cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
73:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
34:. For the music compilation, see
2743:
2742:
2730:
1888:Decline in amphibian populations
1060:Flem-Ath, Rand, Flem-Ath, Rose.
727:Brown, Hugh Auchincloss (1967).
60:
3002:Pole shift theory and theorists
2239:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
1736:Land surface effects on climate
1709:Human impact on the environment
1340:Future of an expanding universe
1262:Mason, Betsy (30 August 2006).
892:Smit, Josephine (May 9, 2012).
559:Journal of Geophysical Research
332:co-written with his wife Rose.
677:10.1126/science.288.5475.2283a
1:
2185:Interpretations of Revelation
1987:Cosmological phase transition
1893:Decline in insect populations
1345:Ultimate fate of the universe
1237:"The Day the Earth Fell Over"
1180:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00348-4
1107:10.1016/S0899-5362(99)00018-4
273:Several authors have offered
2891:El Niño–Southern Oscillation
2640:Future of Humanity Institute
2037:Potentially hazardous object
1937:Interplanetary contamination
435:Tollmann's bolide hypothesis
145:Definition and clarification
2941:Pacific decadal oscillation
2520:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
1669:Global terrestrial stilling
918:Charles H. Hapgood (1958).
346:, a 2009 film based on the
240:postulated that the planet
3028:
2956:Quasi-biennial oscillation
2926:North Atlantic oscillation
2831:Antarctic Circumpolar Wave
2032:Asteroid impact prediction
2007:Heat death of the universe
1417:Mutual assured destruction
357:
294:The Earth's Shifting Crust
45:. For magnetic poles, see
40:
29:
2931:North Pacific Oscillation
2911:Madden–Julian oscillation
2724:
2650:Nuclear Threat Initiative
2583:List of apocalyptic films
2426:2011 end times prediction
2158:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
2153:Abomination of desolation
2027:Asteroid impact avoidance
1857:List of extinction events
1699:Environmental degradation
1486:Technological singularity
1330:
1324:Global catastrophic risks
990:10.1007/s00114-005-0076-8
410:Intermediate axis theorem
405:Inner core super-rotation
256:, and the parting of the
2876:Dansgaard–Oeschger event
2851:Atlantic Equatorial mode
2645:Future of Life Institute
2547:Resurrection of the dead
2540:Post-tribulation rapture
1922:Colony collapse disorder
1203:Fingerprints of the Gods
415:Global catastrophic risk
86:may contain suggestions.
71:may need to be rewritten
2946:Pacific Meridional Mode
1471:Artificial intelligence
1172:2001E&PSL.184..549T
1036:Palmer, Trevor (2003).
731:Cataclysms of the Earth
580:10.1029/JB090iB09p07737
400:Ultra low velocity zone
2600:List of disaster films
2441:Apocalyptic literature
1541:Malthusian catastrophe
1467:Synthetic intelligence
1281:"How to Escape Nibiru"
637:"The PaleoMap Project"
225:Hugh Auchincloss Brown
2841:Arctic dipole anomaly
2836:Antarctic oscillation
1982:Coronal mass ejection
1444:Electromagnetic pulse
1405:Kinetic energy weapon
802:Threshold to Tomorrow
316:(72°N, 10°E) and the
279:Ruth Shick Montgomery
156:plane of the ecliptic
122:There is evidence of
2815:Climate oscillations
2384:War of Gog and Magog
2061:Near-Earth supernova
1811:Human overpopulation
1615:Mass mortality event
1509:Anthropogenic hazard
735:. Twayne Publishers.
540:10.1029/2000JB000050
322:The Path of the Pole
218:Mesoamerican codices
190:geomagnetic reversal
47:Geomagnetic reversal
2916:Milankovitch cycles
2906:Indian Ocean Dipole
2456:Blood moon prophecy
2249:Number of the Beast
1847:Holocene extinction
1793:Earth Overshoot Day
1741:Ocean acidification
1704:Habitat destruction
1694:Ecological collapse
1400:Kinetic bombardment
1335:Future of the Earth
1134:(4). Archived from
1099:1999JAfES..28...17H
982:2006NW.....93...66M
959:Naturwissenschaften
612:2006GSAB..118.1099M
572:1985JGR....90.7737A
532:2002JGRB..107.2300B
430:South Magnetic Pole
425:North Magnetic Pole
354:Scientific research
238:Immanuel Velikovsky
233:Worlds in Collision
196:Speculative history
158:that are caused by
36:Polar Shift (album)
32:Polar Shift (novel)
3012:Doomsday scenarios
2861:Earth's axial tilt
2846:Arctic oscillation
2771:Doomsday scenarios
2337:Beast of the Earth
2229:Book of Revelation
2017:Virtual black hole
1997:False vacuum decay
1947:Pollinator decline
1910:Biological warfare
1900:Biotechnology risk
1751:Resource depletion
1216:Heinrich, Paul V.
1127:Skeptical Inquirer
924:. Pantheon Books.
848:. 13 February 2013
821:Strangers Among Us
460:Kiger, Patrick J.
385:Dzhanibekov effect
336:In popular culture
269:Recent conjectures
216:, a specialist in
202:popular literature
2984:
2983:
2976:True polar wander
2971:Solar variability
2781:
2780:
2612:Zombie apocalypse
2513:Postmillennialism
2308:Great Tribulation
2081:Stellar collision
2042:Near-Earth object
1992:Geomagnetic storm
1960:
1959:
1883:Biodiversity loss
1867:Genetic pollution
1821:
1820:
1610:Biodiversity loss
1573:Societal collapse
1551:Nuclear holocaust
1536:Economic collapse
1519:Doomsday argument
1437:Antimatter weapon
1064:(introduction by
810:978-0-449-20182-4
759:on March 10, 2007
566:(B9): 7737–7750.
395:Low-velocity zone
366:true polar wander
360:True polar wander
330:When the Sky Fell
183:continental drift
168:true polar wander
132:true polar wander
109:pseudo-scientific
101:
100:
75:quality standards
43:True polar wander
16:(Redirected from
3019:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2785:
2746:
2745:
2737:World portal
2735:
2734:
2696:Financial crisis
2525:Nibiru cataclysm
2503:Premillennialism
2347:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
2315:Son of perdition
2303:Olivet Discourse
2279:Whore of Babylon
1905:Biological agent
1852:Human extinction
1842:Extinction event
1830:
1801:Overexploitation
1731:Land consumption
1726:Land degradation
1593:
1455:Micro black hole
1363:Chemical warfare
1317:
1310:
1303:
1294:
1277:
1272:. Archived from
1233:
1231:
1229:
1220:. Archived from
1184:
1183:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1082:
1076:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1033:
1027:
1016:
1010:
1009:
975:
953:
947:
943:
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
842:"Magnetic Myths"
838:
832:
799:
793:
792:
774:
768:
767:
765:
764:
743:
737:
736:
734:
724:
718:
717:
716:
715:
696:
690:
689:
679:
653:
647:
646:
644:
643:
630:
624:
623:
620:10.1130/B25892.1
606:(9): 1099–1124.
593:
584:
583:
553:
544:
543:
526:(B11): EPM 6–1.
517:
508:
499:
498:
492:
488:
486:
478:
476:
475:
466:. Archived from
457:
441:Nibiru cataclysm
302:Path of the Pole
275:pseudoscientific
208:Early proponents
151:geographic poles
113:axis of rotation
96:
93:
87:
64:
56:
51:Axial precession
21:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3016:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2936:Orbital forcing
2823:
2817:
2812:
2782:
2777:
2756:Future problems
2729:
2720:
2654:
2623:
2590:Climate fiction
2556:
2431:2012 phenomenon
2414:
2320:Sheep and Goats
2207:2 Thessalonians
2085:
2002:Gamma-ray burst
1956:
1871:
1862:Genetic erosion
1817:
1787:
1778:Water pollution
1746:Ozone depletion
1642:Desertification
1582:
1497:
1432:Doomsday device
1412:Nuclear warfare
1351:
1326:
1321:
1290:
1261:
1227:
1225:
1215:
1192:
1187:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1141:
1139:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1017:
1013:
973:physics/0512114
955:
954:
950:
932:
917:
916:
912:
902:
900:
898:Yale Scientific
891:
890:
886:
876:
874:
866:
865:
861:
851:
849:
840:
839:
835:
825:Aliens Among Us
800:
796:
789:
776:
775:
771:
762:
760:
745:
744:
740:
726:
725:
721:
713:
711:
698:
697:
693:
655:
654:
650:
641:
639:
632:
631:
627:
595:
594:
587:
555:
554:
547:
515:
510:
509:
502:
489:
479:
473:
471:
459:
458:
454:
450:
381:
362:
356:
348:2012 phenomenon
338:
298:Albert Einstein
290:Charles Hapgood
287:
271:
210:
198:
175:plate tectonics
147:
126:and changes in
97:
91:
88:
78:
65:
54:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3025:
3023:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2989:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2901:Glacial cycles
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:Apocalypticism
2740:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2595:Disaster films
2592:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2570:
2568:Alien invasion
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2508:Amillennialism
2505:
2495:
2493:Millenarianism
2490:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2446:Apocalypticism
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2342:Dhu al-Qarnayn
2339:
2334:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2288:Great Apostasy
2285:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2145:
2135:
2133:Last Judgement
2130:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2095:
2093:
2091:Eschatological
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2034:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1806:Overpopulation
1803:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1783:Water scarcity
1780:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1756:Sea level rise
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1719:on marine life
1716:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1674:Global warming
1671:
1666:
1664:Global dimming
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:Cascade effect
1619:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1597:Climate change
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1427:Doomsday Clock
1424:
1419:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1378:Cyberterrorism
1375:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1276:on 2013-01-17.
1259:
1254:
1248:
1243:
1234:
1208:Graham Hancock
1199:
1191:
1190:External links
1188:
1186:
1185:
1166:(2): 549–553.
1148:
1112:
1077:
1053:
1046:
1028:
1011:
948:
930:
910:
884:
859:
833:
794:
787:
769:
738:
719:
704:L'Ethnographie
691:
670:(5475): 2283.
648:
634:Scotese, C. R.
625:
585:
545:
500:
451:
449:
446:
445:
444:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
380:
377:
358:Main article:
355:
352:
337:
334:
286:
283:
270:
267:
209:
206:
197:
194:
146:
143:
136:supercontinent
99:
98:
68:
66:
59:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3024:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:Pseudoscience
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2881:Diurnal cycle
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2766:Risk analysis
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:Social crisis
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2628:Organizations
2626:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2552:World to come
2550:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2498:Millennialism
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2486:Messianic Age
2484:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2471:Gog and Magog
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:Earth Changes
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:New Jerusalem
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2274:War in Heaven
2272:
2270:
2269:Two witnesses
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2138:Second Coming
2136:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1637:Deforestation
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1578:World War III
1576:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1493:Transhumanism
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:Technological
1354:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1285:Brian Dunning
1283:, podcast by
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1224:on 2011-05-25
1223:
1219:
1213:
1212:Rand Flem-Ath
1209:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1149:
1138:on 2010-04-26
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:0-297-81628-4
1071:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1047:0-521-81928-8
1043:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
969:
965:
961:
960:
952:
949:
946:
941:
937:
933:
931:9780598592422
927:
923:
922:
914:
911:
899:
895:
888:
885:
873:
869:
863:
860:
847:
843:
837:
834:
830:
827:, (1985) and
826:
822:
818:
814:
811:
807:
803:
798:
795:
790:
788:1-885679-11-4
784:
780:
773:
770:
758:
754:
753:
748:
742:
739:
733:
732:
723:
720:
709:
706:(in French),
705:
701:
695:
692:
687:
683:
678:
673:
669:
665:
664:
659:
652:
649:
638:
635:
629:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:
592:
590:
586:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:
552:
550:
546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
514:
507:
505:
501:
496:
484:
470:on 2009-12-09
469:
465:
464:
456:
453:
447:
442:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
420:Earth Changes
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
378:
376:
373:
370:
367:
361:
353:
351:
349:
345:
344:
335:
333:
331:
327:
326:Rand Flem-Ath
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
284:
282:
280:
276:
268:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
244:emerged from
243:
239:
235:
234:
228:
226:
221:
219:
215:
207:
205:
203:
195:
193:
191:
186:
184:
180:
179:asthenosphere
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
144:
142:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
95:
85:
81:
76:
72:
69:This article
67:
63:
58:
57:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
2961:Seasonal lag
2870:
2824:oscillations
2728:
2671:Cyberwarfare
2389:Third Temple
2244:Lake of fire
2054:Rogue planet
2022:Impact event
2012:Proton decay
1965:Astronomical
1915:Bioterrorism
1761:Supervolcano
1659:Flood basalt
1626:
1605:Anoxic event
1514:Collapsology
1502:Sociological
1373:Cyberwarfare
1289:
1274:the original
1267:
1226:. Retrieved
1222:the original
1201:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:the original
1131:
1125:
1115:
1093:(1): 17–33.
1090:
1086:
1080:
1066:Colin Wilson
1061:
1056:
1037:
1031:
1014:
966:(2): 66–71.
963:
957:
951:
920:
913:
901:. Retrieved
897:
887:
875:. Retrieved
871:
862:
850:. Retrieved
845:
836:
828:
824:
820:
801:
797:
778:
772:
761:. Retrieved
757:the original
750:
741:
730:
722:
712:, retrieved
707:
703:
694:
667:
661:
651:
640:. Retrieved
628:
603:
597:
563:
557:
523:
519:
472:. Retrieved
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2259:Seven seals
2254:Seven bowls
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872:Independent
491:|work=
181:; nor with
2991:Categories
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516:(PDF)
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