593:
3405:
3422:
1447:"Some scholars argue that deficient democracies and deficient autocracies can be seen as examples of hybrid regimes, whereas others argue that hybrid regimes combine characteristics of both democratic and autocratic regimes." Scholars also debate if these regimes are in transition or are inherently a stable political system.
720:, "A political system can be designated as the interactions through which values are authoritatively allocated for a society". Political system refers broadly to the process by which laws are made and public resources allocated in a society, and to the relationships among those involved in making these decisions.
826:
Leagues are international organizations composed of states coming together for a single common purpose. In this way, leagues are different from empires, as they only seek to fulfill a single goal. Often leagues are formed on the brink of a military or economic downfall. Meetings and hearings are
817:
Empires are widespread states consisting of people of different ethnicities under a single rule. Empires - such as the Romans, or
British - often made considerable progress in ways of political structures, creating and building city infrastructures, and maintaining civility within the diverse
2057:
Political scientists have outlined elaborated typologies of authoritarianism, from which it is not easy to draw a generally accepted definition; it seems that its main features are the non-acceptance of conflict and plurality as normal elements of politics, the will to preserve the
677:, and other state and government specific systems. However, this is a very simplified view of a much more complex system of categories involving the questions of who should have authority and what the government influence on its people and economy should be.
1597:
2062:
and prevent change by keeping all political dynamics under close control by a strong central power, and lastly, the erosion of the rule of law, the division of powers, and democratic voting procedures.
1601:
844:
The sociological interest in political systems is figuring out who holds power within the relationship between the government and its people and how the government’s power is used. According to
728:
Social anthropologists generally recognize several kinds of political systems, often differentiating between ones that they consider uncentralized and ones they consider centralized.
3118:
1220:. Although these regimes experience civil unrest, they may be relatively stable and tenacious for decades at a time. There has been a rise in hybrid regimes since the end of the
3147:
1042:, who also controls the national politics and the peoples of the nation with continual propaganda campaigns that are broadcast by state-controlled and by friendly private
938:
of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive elections while more expansive definitions link democracy to guarantees of
1647:
1999:
795:
A sovereign state is a state with a permanent population, a defined territory, a government and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states.
1151:, though not inherent to monarchies, often function as the pool of persons from which the monarch is chosen, and to fill the constituting institutions (e.g.
2544:
1018:
that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the
621:
680:
Along with a basic sociological and socio-anthropological classification, political systems can be classified on a social-cultural axis relative to the
2369:
2079:
1250:, a transition to authoritarianism is the most prevalent basis of hybrid regimes. Some scholars also contend that hybrid regimes may imitate a full
981:. Political scientists have created many typologies describing variations of authoritarian forms of government. Authoritarian regimes may be either
2960:
2573:
818:
communities. Because of the intricate organization of the empires, they were often able to hold a large majority of power on a universal level.
3393:
3335:
3291:
3264:
2992:
2903:
2870:
2821:
2744:
2231:
2147:
2093:
Lai, Brian; Slater, Dan (2006). "Institutions of the
Offensive: Domestic Sources of Dispute Initiation in Authoritarian Regimes, 1950–1992".
2024:
1954:
1860:
1760:
1739:
1712:
1685:
1573:
1535:
1493:
3110:
997:. States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have some times been characterized as "hybrid democracies", "
3367:
3297:
2998:
2750:
2930:
1368:
1821:
1648:
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/sociology-and-social-reform/sociology-general-terms-and-concepts/political-system
740:
Small family group, no larger than an extended family or clan; it has been defined as consisting of no more than 30 to 50 individuals.
2129:
3353:
2788:
2505:
807:
Supranational political systems are created by independent nations to reach a common goal or gain strength from forming an alliance.
489:
3139:
95:
1407:. Such terms include: competitive authoritarianism, semi-authoritarianism, hybrid authoritarianism, electoral authoritarianism,
2984:
Comparing autocracies in the early Twenty-first
Century: Volume 1: Unpacking Autocracies - Explaining Similarity and Difference
1324:, in which the economic and political system is designed to work in their interests collectively as a class, over those of the
785:"An autonomous political unit comprising a number of villages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief"
3452:
2401:
2267:
614:
484:
262:
110:
1338:
1242:(elections do not lead to a change of power, different media broadcast the government point of view and the opposition in
904:
499:
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1035:
248:
80:
51:
1971:
839:
552:
2663:
3447:
2634:
2467:
2311:
85:
56:
3370:". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 02 Dec. 2012.
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607:
212:
2536:
1140:
753:
Generally larger, consisting of many families. Tribes have more social institutions, such as a chief or elders.
327:
217:
2492:. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 258–266.
1301:
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994:
990:
861:
697:
314:
147:
2599:"Regime-Hybridity in Developing Countries: Achievements and Limitations of New Research on Transitions"
2565:
1412:
1213:
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295:
285:
270:
197:
115:
1428:
1416:
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802:
536:
446:
300:
202:
152:
90:
3256:
2895:
2424:"Courts between Democracy and Hybrid Authoritarianism: Evidence from the Venezuelan Supreme Court"
3199:
3092:
3049:
2835:
2715:
2626:
2515:
2459:
2451:
2192:
2110:
1803:
1795:
1680:. New Directions in Archaeology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 37–79.
885:
574:
167:
2388:
2386:
1776:"Totalitarian and Authoritarian Dictators: A Comparison of Fidel Castro and Alfredo Stroessner"
3349:
3331:
3287:
3281:
3260:
3191:
3084:
3041:
2988:
2982:
2899:
2866:
2827:
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2784:
2740:
2734:
2707:
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2501:
2443:
2263:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2184:
2143:
2030:
2020:
2014:
1991:
1950:
1925:
1856:
1735:
1708:
1681:
1630:
1579:
1569:
1563:
1541:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1489:
1408:
1144:
1136:
1106:
1027:
872:
as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three. Scholars generally refer to a
849:
635:
569:
243:
105:
100:
61:
34:
2920:
1729:
1702:
1673:
1483:
3411:
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3252:
3181:
3076:
3033:
2891:
2858:
2809:
2776:
2697:
2610:
2493:
2435:
2343:
2219:
2176:
2135:
2102:
1983:
1917:
1848:
1787:
1420:
1238:. Modern scholarly analysis of hybrid regimes focuses attention on the decorative nature of
1031:
952:
773:
More complex than a tribe or a band society, and less complex than a state or a civilization
519:
275:
688:, where the spectrum is represented as a continuum between political systems recognized as
2255:
1173:
1152:
1011:
974:
939:
927:
790:
674:
666:
597:
579:
404:
389:
3381:
2862:
2686:"Political Participation and Regime Stability: A Framework for Analyzing Hybrid Regimes"
1246:
votes the same way as the ruling party, among others), from which it is concluded that
2212:"Lost in the Gray Zone: Competing Measures of Democracy in the Former Soviet Republics"
1424:
1023:
998:
865:
701:
681:
651:
475:
394:
348:
290:
592:
3441:
3203:
3053:
2839:
2719:
2614:
2463:
2439:
2347:
2196:
2106:
1807:
1469:"Political system | Types, Components, Functions, & Facts | Britannica"
1380:
1330:
1193:
1185:
1074:
1019:
827:
conducted in a neutral location with representatives of all involved nations present.
708:
may be also included as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three.
685:
670:
399:
377:
352:
182:
17:
1852:
1468:
3096:
1281:
1269:
1251:
1082:
873:
779:
A single lineage/family of the elite class becomes the ruling elite of the chiefdom
735:
717:
662:
162:
2393:
2076:
Dictators and
Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders
1230:
arises from a polymorphic view of political regimes that opposes the dichotomy of
3067:
Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan (2002). "The Rise of
Competitive Authoritarianism".
2223:
1944:
2813:
2317:
1404:
1400:
1346:
1325:
1317:
1217:
1156:
1114:
978:
853:
689:
466:
431:
334:
322:
187:
1728:
Allan Todd; Sally Waller (10 September 2015). Allan Todd; Sally Waller (eds.).
1200:
one (or vice versa). Hybrid regimes are categorized as having a combination of
3021:
2780:
2497:
2034:
1791:
1583:
1545:
1313:
1243:
1201:
1078:
1062:
1043:
1015:
986:
982:
961:
935:
923:
869:
705:
658:
556:
546:
541:
280:
142:
3195:
3088:
3045:
2831:
2711:
2702:
2685:
2622:
2447:
2188:
2139:
2134:. Problems of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1995:
1929:
1921:
1876:
1634:
2307:
2283:
1905:
1562:
Ginny Garcia-Alexander; Hyeyoung Woo; Matthew J. Carlson (3 November 2017).
1273:
1235:
1231:
1197:
1160:
1118:
1102:
1097:
and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (
966:
891:
441:
339:
222:
177:
157:
3286:. Comparative Government and Politics. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 222.
3186:
3169:
2211:
1399:
Scholars use a variety of terms to encompass the "grey zones" between full
3080:
3037:
2592:
2590:
2180:
1987:
1626:
The political system : an inquiry into the state of political science
1304:
of that society, and its repercussions implicated thereof, as the society
2655:
1305:
1221:
1209:
1188:
is a type of political system often created as a result of an incomplete
1090:
1086:
1058:
1039:
768:
564:
524:
207:
192:
172:
41:
3170:"What Do We Know about Hybrid Regimes after Two Decades of Scholarship?"
2736:
Shaping the
Developing World: The West, the South, and the Natural World
2630:
2455:
1877:"Democracy | Definition, History, Meaning, Types, Examples, & Facts"
2598:
2423:
2114:
1132:
1066:
647:
479:
137:
1799:
1775:
1731:
History for the IB Diploma Paper 2 Authoritarian States (20th
Century)
782:
Complex chiefdoms have two or even three tiers of political hierarchy.
776:
Characterized by pervasive inequality and centralization of authority.
2164:
1624:
1363:
1276:
analysed that the political systems of "all" state-societies are the
931:
812:
529:
471:
369:
3247:
Schedler, Andreas (Aug 1, 2013). "Shaping the
Authoritarian Arena".
1485:
Power, Politics, and
Society: An Introduction to Political Sociology
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More permanent than bands. Many tribes are sub-divided into bands.
748:
3111:"Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War"
2053:
Conceptualizing
Politics: An Introduction to Political Philosophy
1337:
Marx devised this theory by adapting his forerunner-contemporary
1081:, usually a hereditary position acquired by some form of nominal
2216:
Ranking the World: Grading States as a Tool of Global Governance
1557:
1555:
1309:
845:
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Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War
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2855:
The Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation
2808:. Politics of South Asia. Singapore: Springer. pp. 9–19.
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Morlino, Leonardo (2011-11-01). "Are There Hybrid Regimes?".
1943:
Dahl, Robert A.; Shapiro, Ian; Cheibub, Jose Antonio (2003).
3022:"The Surprising Instability of Competitive Authoritarianism"
2165:"Elections Without Democracy: Thinking About Hybrid Regimes"
959:, the use of strong central power to preserve the political
646:
that can be observed, recognised or otherwise declared by a
2284:"Monarchy | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica"
2046:
2044:
909:
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2929:] (in Russian). Kharkiv: ХГУ НУА. pp. 62–65/164.
1204:
features with democratic ones and can simultaneously hold
743:
A band can cease to exist if only a small group walks out.
1316:
societies, this characterises as the dictatorship of the
876:
as either a form of authoritarianism or totalitarianism.
2016:
A Functional Theory of Government, Law, and Institutions
955:
is a political system characterized by the rejection of
2775:. Cambridge University Press. 2018. pp. 129–153.
1565:
Social Foundations of Behavior for the Health Sciences
942:
and human rights in addition to competitive elections.
852:
there a three main types of political systems today:
3384:
at Governance and Social Development Resource Centre
2490:
21st Century Political Science: A Reference Handbook
834:
Western socio-cultural paradigmatic-centric analysis
2853:Schmotz, Alexander (2019-02-13). "Hybrid Regimes".
2888:Changes for DemocracyActors, Structures, Processes
2488:Göbel, Christian (2011). "Semiauthoritarianism".
1970:Møller, Jørgen; Skaaning, Svend-Erik (Jan 2013).
1300:other class being, in essence, determined by the
868:). Another modern classification system includes
661:decisions. It usually comprizes the governmental
2771:"Why Parties and Elections in Dictatorships?".
1899:
1897:
1676:. In Jones, Grant D.; Kautz, Robert R. (eds.).
1147:) have also often occurred throughout history.
3218:"Home - IDEA Global State of Democracy Report"
2955:[The kingdom of political imitation].
2804:Riaz, Ali (2019). "What is a Hybrid Regime?".
2394:"Hybrid Concepts and the Concept of Hybridity"
1759:sfn error: no target: CITEREFEzrowFrantz2011 (
1516:
1514:
1512:
2857:. Oxford University Press. pp. 521–525.
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
615:
8:
1734:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 10–.
1678:The Transition to Statehood in the New World
3361:The Real World An Introduction to Sociology
3251:. Oxford University Press. pp. 54–75.
2890:. Oxford University Press. pp. 48–69.
2019:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 161–.
1843:Schwartzberg, Melissa (2014). "Democracy".
1754:
657:It defines the process for making official
2541:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
2398:European Consortium for Political Research
1259:Marxist/Dialectical materialistic analysis
622:
608:
29:
3257:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680320.003.0003
3185:
2896:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572533.003.0004
2701:
2074:Ezrow, Natasha M.; Frantz, Erica (2011).
1030:, totalitarianism is the extreme form of
3346:Comparative Politics Today: A World View
2128:Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan A. (2010).
1972:"Regime Types and Democratic Sequencing"
1701:Jonathan Michie, ed. (3 February 2014).
1530:. Lynne Rienner Publisher. p. 143.
1216:with abundant natural resources such as
1001:" or "competitive authoritarian" states.
3400:
2951:Schulmann, Ekaterina (15 August 2014).
2218:. Cambridge University Press: 112–150.
1460:
1392:
1212:. Hybrid regimes are commonly found in
40:
2690:International Political Science Review
2513:
2002:from the original on 22 February 2024.
1674:"The Chiefdom: Precursor of the State"
1527:Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes
3300:from the original on December 9, 2022
3001:from the original on December 9, 2022
2987:. Taylor & Francis. p. 212.
2338:Gagné, Jean-François (Mar 10, 2015),
2095:American Journal of Political Science
1845:The Encyclopedia of Political Thought
1704:Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences
7:
2308:"The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"
1488:. Taylor & Francis. p. 47.
989:and may be based upon the rule of a
3324:Douglas V. Verney (15 April 2013).
2422:Urribarri, Raul A. Sanchez (2011).
1369:Systems theory in political science
3228:from the original on April 4, 2023
2863:10.1093/oso/9780198829911.003.0053
25:
3327:The Analysis of Political Systems
2342:, Oxford University Press (OUP),
1906:"Who Decides What Is Democratic?"
1780:Journal of Latin American Studies
1598:"14.2 Types of Political Systems"
490:Biology and political orientation
27:System of politics and government
3420:
3403:
3382:Topic guide on political systems
2615:10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00850.x
2440:10.1111/j.1747-4469.2011.01253.x
2360:Plattner, Marc F. (1969-12-31).
2260:Reflections on a Ravaged Century
2107:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00173.x
860:and, sitting between these two,
696:and, sitting between these two,
591:
3359:Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein.
3150:from the original on 2019-07-29
3121:from the original on 2023-04-06
3115:Department of Political Science
3020:Carothers, Christopher (2018).
2963:from the original on 2019-07-30
2953:"Царство политической имитации"
2933:from the original on 2023-04-22
2753:from the original on 2023-04-23
2666:from the original on 2022-11-21
2637:from the original on 2022-11-16
2576:from the original on 2023-04-05
2547:from the original on 2023-04-06
2535:Tlemcani, Rachid (2007-05-29).
2470:from the original on 2022-11-16
2404:from the original on 2023-04-06
2372:from the original on 2023-04-06
1853:10.1002/9781118474396.wbept0248
803:Supranational political systems
3168:Mufti, Mariam (Jun 22, 2018).
2348:10.1093/obo/9780199756223-0167
1600:. 8 April 2016. Archived from
485:Theories of political behavior
111:Political history of the world
1:
1339:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
500:Critique of political economy
2922:Политология: Учебное пособие
2603:International Studies Review
2537:"Electoral Authoritarianism"
2224:10.1017/CBO9781316161555.006
1672:Carneiro, Robert L. (2011).
1143:monarchies (in the sense of
1127:of monarchs has mostly been
1026:of society. In the field of
1014:is a political system and a
910:
81:Outline of political science
3344:Almond, Gabriel A., et al.
3249:The Politics of Uncertainty
2927:Political Science: Textbook
2814:10.1007/978-981-13-7956-7_2
2566:"What is Hybrid Democracy?"
1660:Anthropology: Tenth Edition
1568:. Springer. pp. 137–.
840:List of forms of government
3469:
3075:(2). Project Muse: 51–65.
2597:Zinecker, Heidrun (2009).
2362:"Is Democracy in Decline?"
2262:. Norton. pp. 73–74.
1292:that of another one; with
1262:
1171:
1159:), giving many monarchies
899:
883:
837:
86:Index of politics articles
3348:(Seventh Edition). 2000.
3180:(2). Cogitatio: 112–119.
2919:Подлесный, Д. В. (2016).
2806:Voting in a Hybrid Regime
2781:10.1017/9781316336182.006
2498:10.4135/9781412979351.n31
2055:. Routledge. p. 17.
1949:. MIT Press. p. 31.
1904:Przeworski, Adam (2024).
1824:. Oxford University Press
1792:10.1017/S0022216X00015868
1707:. Routledge. p. 95.
1044:mass communications media
2703:10.1177/0192512108097054
2520:: CS1 maint: location (
2428:Law & Social Inquiry
2140:10.1017/cbo9780511781353
1946:The Democracy Sourcebook
1922:10.1353/jod.2024.a930423
1662:. Wadsworth:Belmont, CA.
1272:German-born philosopher
3174:Politics and Governance
2210:Gunitsky, Seva (2015).
2163:Diamond, Larry (2002).
2051:Cerutti, Furio (2017).
1881:Encyclopædia Britannica
1774:Sondrol, P. C. (2009).
1755:Ezrow & Frantz 2011
1658:Haviland, W.A. (2003).
1623:Easton, David. (1971).
1431:, and hybrid democracy.
1427:, deficient democracy,
1308:through the passage of
1265:Dialectical materialism
1240:democratic institutions
1109:), and can span across
1099:constitutional monarchy
1065:in which a person, the
922:'rule') is a system of
764:Centralized governments
495:Political organisations
258:International relations
96:Politics by subdivision
3283:Non-Democratic Regimes
3187:10.17645/pag.v6i2.1400
2773:How Dictatorships Work
2684:Ekman, Joakim (2009).
2570:Digital Society School
2013:Kalu, Kalu N. (2019).
1482:Dobratz, B.A. (2015).
1345:into the framework of
1248:democratic backsliding
1178:Democratic backsliding
732:Uncentralized systems
644:political organization
3453:Political terminology
3392:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
3081:10.1353/jod.2002.0026
3038:10.1353/jod.2018.0068
2739:. SAGE. p. 202.
2434:(4). Wiley: 854–884.
2181:10.1353/jod.2002.0025
1988:10.1353/jod.2013.0010
1206:political repressions
1190:democratic transition
1172:Further information:
1036:socio-political power
884:Further information:
862:authoritarian regimes
838:Further information:
698:authoritarian regimes
575:Political campaigning
315:Public administration
148:Collective leadership
18:Political institution
3280:Brooker, P. (2013).
3069:Journal of Democracy
3026:Journal of Democracy
2169:Journal of Democracy
1976:Journal of Democracy
1910:Journal of Democracy
1413:delegative democracy
1343:notion of dialectics
1214:developing countries
1095:political legitimacy
971:separation of powers
965:, and reductions in
858:totalitarian regimes
724:Basic classification
700:, with a variety of
694:totalitarian regimes
425:Separation of powers
296:Political psychology
271:Comparative politics
249:political scientists
236:Academic disciplines
116:Political philosophy
2316:. 14 October 2021.
1429:defective democracy
1417:illiberal democracy
1375:Tractatus Politicus
1359:Political structure
1302:developmental level
957:political plurality
598:Politics portal
447:Election commission
418:Government branches
301:Political sociology
153:Confessional system
91:Politics by country
3222:International IDEA
2733:Baker, A. (2021).
2288:www.britannica.com
1604:on 22 October 2022
1145:monarchical states
1077:for life or until
1063:form of government
1016:form of government
936:general population
886:Types of democracy
642:means the form of
281:Political analysis
213:Semi-parliamentary
3448:Political systems
3337:978-1-135-03477-1
3293:978-1-137-38253-5
3266:978-0-19-968032-0
2994:978-1-317-70018-0
2905:978-0-19-957253-3
2872:978-0-19-882991-1
2823:978-981-13-7955-0
2746:978-1-0718-0709-5
2233:978-1-107-09813-8
2149:978-0-521-88252-1
2026:978-1-4985-8703-7
1956:978-0-262-54147-3
1862:978-1-4051-9129-6
1757:, pp. 14–17.
1741:978-1-107-55889-2
1714:978-1-135-93226-8
1687:978-0-521-17269-1
1575:978-3-319-64950-4
1537:978-1-55587-890-0
1495:978-1-317-34529-9
1409:liberal autocracy
1296:class oppressing
1131:, often building
1107:absolute monarchy
1028:political science
908:
684:prevalent in the
636:political science
632:
631:
580:Political parties
520:Electoral systems
244:Political science
218:Semi-presidential
130:Political systems
106:Political history
101:Political economy
16:(Redirected from
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1961:
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1479:
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1421:guided democracy
1397:
1322:capitalist class
1032:authoritarianism
953:Authoritarianism
947:Authoritarianism
913:
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640:political system
624:
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386:
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286:Political theory
276:Election science
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30:
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975:civil liberties
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1282:social class
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1270:19th-century
1268:
1252:dictatorship
1227:
1218:petro-states
1208:and regular
1196:regime to a
1183:
1101:), to fully
1083:divine right
1056:
1006:Totalitarian
960:
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915:
874:dictatorship
843:
736:Band society
727:
718:David Easton
715:
679:
656:
639:
633:
328:street-level
203:Presidential
163:Dictatorship
129:
33:Part of the
3412:Definitions
2696:(1): 7–31.
2318:BBC Radio 4
2313:In Our Time
1916:(3): 5–16.
1847:: 851–862.
1828:24 February
1822:"Democracy"
1405:democracies
1401:autocracies
1347:materialism
1326:proletariat
1318:bourgeoisie
1149:Aristocrats
1135:. However,
1115:legislative
979:rule of law
928:state power
854:democracies
690:democracies
467:Sovereignty
432:Legislature
335:Technocracy
323:Bureaucracy
188:Meritocracy
168:Directorial
3442:Categories
3154:2019-08-13
3125:2022-11-16
2967:2019-08-13
2937:2019-08-13
2757:2023-04-23
2670:2022-11-21
2641:2022-11-18
2580:2022-11-16
2551:2022-11-16
2474:2022-11-16
2408:2022-11-18
2376:2022-12-27
2293:2023-02-28
2269:0393048187
2060:status quo
2035:1105988740
1887:2023-08-17
1608:19 October
1584:1013825392
1546:1172052725
1455:References
1314:capitalist
1306:progresses
1288:interests
1263:See also:
1244:parliament
1202:autocratic
1198:democratic
1161:oligarchic
1129:hereditary
1125:succession
1103:autocratic
1079:abdication
987:oligarchic
983:autocratic
977:, and the
962:status quo
932:the people
924:government
911:dēmokratía
900:δημοκρατία
870:monarchies
848:professor
712:Definition
706:monarchies
659:government
557:Governance
547:Government
542:Federalism
143:City-state
3204:158943827
3196:2183-2463
3089:1086-3214
3054:158234306
3046:1086-3214
2957:Ведомости
2840:198088445
2832:2523-8345
2720:145077481
2712:0192-5121
2623:1521-9488
2516:cite book
2464:232400805
2448:0897-6546
2366:kipdf.com
2197:154815836
2189:1086-3214
2080:Continuum
1996:1045-5736
1930:1086-3214
1808:144333167
1635:470276419
1629:. Knopf.
1403:and full
1274:Karl Marx
1236:democracy
1232:autocracy
1226:The term
1210:elections
1163:elements.
1133:dynasties
1121:domains.
1111:executive
1091:religious
967:democracy
926:in which
905:romanized
892:Democracy
880:Democracy
537:Unitarism
525:Elections
513:Subseries
442:Judiciary
437:Executive
340:Adhocracy
223:Theocracy
178:Feudalism
158:Democracy
3298:Archived
3226:Archived
3148:Archived
3119:Archived
2999:Archived
2961:Archived
2931:Archived
2751:Archived
2664:Archived
2635:Archived
2631:40389063
2574:Archived
2545:Archived
2468:Archived
2456:41349660
2402:Archived
2370:Archived
2323:29 March
2258:(1999).
2000:Archived
1524:(2000).
1353:See also
1222:Cold War
1192:from an
1137:elective
1119:judicial
1087:blessing
1059:monarchy
1051:Monarchy
1040:dictator
1022:and the
995:military
823:Leagues
769:Chiefdom
565:Ideology
383:doctrine
344:Service
208:Republic
193:Monarchy
173:Federacy
62:Category
42:Politics
3304:Nov 27,
3232:Nov 26,
3097:6711009
3005:Nov 27,
2660:Dem-Dec
2656:"Index"
2242:2506195
2115:3694260
1501:Apr 30,
1290:against
1280:of one
1067:monarch
993:or the
934:or the
907::
813:Empires
648:society
570:Culture
480:Country
138:Anarchy
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1364:Polity
1168:Hybrid
1117:, and
1071:reigns
920:kratos
894:(from
864:(with
704:; and
671:social
530:voting
472:Polity
370:Policy
349:Public
263:theory
3429:Media
3200:S2CID
3093:S2CID
3050:S2CID
2925:[
2836:S2CID
2716:S2CID
2627:JSTOR
2460:S2CID
2452:JSTOR
2193:S2CID
2111:JSTOR
1804:S2CID
1796:JSTOR
1387:Notes
1312:. In
1298:which
1294:which
1157:court
1089:, or
1061:is a
991:party
916:dēmos
749:Tribe
663:legal
652:state
553:forms
476:State
353:Civil
57:Index
3350:ISBN
3332:ISBN
3306:2022
3288:ISBN
3261:ISBN
3234:2022
3192:ISSN
3085:ISSN
3042:ISSN
3007:2022
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2619:ISSN
2522:link
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2185:ISSN
2144:ISBN
2031:OCLC
2021:ISBN
1992:ISSN
1951:ISBN
1926:ISSN
1857:ISBN
1830:2021
1761:help
1736:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1682:ISBN
1631:OCLC
1610:2022
1580:OCLC
1570:ISBN
1542:OCLC
1532:ISBN
1503:2023
1490:ISBN
1310:time
1176:and
1155:and
1153:diet
1139:and
1123:The
846:Yale
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665:and
638:, a
3253:doi
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