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obligations under international human rights law to hold accountable perpetrators of politically motivated killings....With inconclusive investigations, implausible suspects, and no convictions, impunity prevails....Out of hundreds of killings and "disappearances" over the past five years, there have been only two successfully prosecuted cases resulting in the conviction of four defendants....The number of senior military officers convicted either for direct involvement or under command responsibility remains zero. The doctrine of command responsibility in international law means that superior officers can be held criminally liable for the actions of their subordinates, and also if a superior had reason to know that subordinates under his command committed an offence and failed to use all feasible means under his command to prevent and punish it, he too may be found guilty for the offence.
739:...the more than 860 confirmed murders are clearly political in nature because of "the methodology of the attacks, including prior death threats and patterns of surveillance by persons reportedly linked to the security forces, the leftist profile of the victims and climate of impunity which, in practice, shields the perpetrators from prosecution." And the arrest and threatened arrest of leftist Congress Representatives and others on charges of rebellion, and intensifying counter-insurgency operations in the context of a declaration by officials in June of 'all-out-war' against the
63:
391:, and others (Petras and Abaya 2006). They were protesting Arroyo's repressive taxation, collusion with foreign capital tied to oil and mining companies that destroy people's livelihood and environment, fraudulent use of public funds, and other anti-people measures. Such groups and individuals have been tagged as "communist fronts" by Arroyo's National Security Advisers, the military, and police; the latter agencies have been implicated in perpetrating or tolerating those ruthless atrocities.
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of some victims told Human Rights Watch that when they reported relevant cases to the police, police often demanded that the families themselves produce evidence and witnesses. Even when police filed cases with a court, they often identified the perpetrators either as long-wanted members of the NPA or simply as "John Doe." Some families told Human Rights Watch that police gave up investigating after only a few days.
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outlets. With 185 dead, 2006 is so far (2007) the highest annual mark for extrajudicial government murders. Of the 2006 killings, the dead were "mostly left-leaning activists, murdered without trial or punishment for the perpetrators", the issuance of the proclamation conspicuously coincided with a dramatic increase in political violence and extrajudicial killings.
840:, said the drop in the number of extrajudicial killings in was a welcome development. But he noted that 'it is regrettable that as yet there have been no convictions in relation to the killings of political activists' and the attacks were continuing despite pronouncements by the Philippine government to address the issue.
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further wrote that the murders and kidnappings are rarely investigated by the police or other government agencies; they often go unreported because of fears of reprisal against the victims or their families. The
Philippine National Police blamed investigative failures on this reluctance, but as Human
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writes that the estimates of killings vary on the precise number, with the government estimating only 114. It has failed to gain any convictions, and as of
February 2007 had only arrested 3 suspects in the over 100 cases of assassination. He also alleges that the Arroyo government initially made
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itnesses are indeed reluctant to cooperate with police investigations, because of fear that they would be targeted by doing so. An extremely weak witness protection program exacerbates this problem....olice are often unwilling to vigorously investigate cases implicating members of the AFP. Families
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judges and lawyers, Task Force Usig 'has not proven to be an independent body…the PNP has a poor record as far as the effective investigation of the killings is concerned and is mistrusted by the
Philippine people". Task Force Usig dismissed nearly half of the 114 cases of assassination as "cold"
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implicated the
Philippine police and military are responsible for the crimes, and in his report, Alston charged Arroyo's propaganda and counter-insurgency strategy with the act that "encourage or facilitate the extra-judicial killings of activists and other enemies" of the state. and that "the AFP
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grants exceptional unchecked powers to the executive branch, placing the country in a state of emergency and permitting the police and security forces to conduct warrantless arrests against enemies of the state, including...members of the political opposition and journalists from critical media
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2006 saw a sharp increase in the number of extrajudicial killings, which coincided with
President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's June 2006 declaration of an "all-out war" against communist insurgents called the National People's Army (NPA)...the Philippine government is consistently failing in its
561:, but found no proof linking the murder of activists to a "national policy" as claimed by the left-wing groups. On the other hand, the report "linked state security forces to the murder of militants and recommended that military officials, notably retired major general
799:, documented 169,530 human rights violations against individuals, 18,515 against families, 71 against communities, and 196 against households. One person is said to be killed every three days during the Arroyo regime or a total of 271 persons as of December 2003.
743:. . . the parallel public labeling by officials of a broad range of legal leftist groups as communist 'front organizations'...has created an environment in which there is heightened concern that further political killings of civilians are likely to take place.
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no response to the dramatic increase in violence and killings writing that the "Arroyo has been tellingly silent over the killing and abduction of countless members of opposition parties and popular organizations". He later writes in
February 2007, that the
664:"Aquino's vow to uphold human rights should be measured by concrete political and military reforms he is ready to initiate in his government, starting with the scrapping of Oplan Bantay Laya and its criminal component of targeting activists and civilians"
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to probe the extrajudicial and political killings that had targeted militant activists and members of the press. The body, popularly known as the Melo
Commission, rendered a report that concluded that most of the killings were instigated by the
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gun the journalist down as he is leaving his place of work. For a few thousand dollars, they eliminate the person who has been too outspoken. The cycle of violence has never ended because the culture of impunity is so strong, especially on
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should use its constitutional powers over the practice of law to impress upon prosecutors that they have a duty to the public to uphold and protect human rights by acting to ensure the effective investigation of cases and protection of
879:, by a variety of actors continued to be major problems. Concerns about impunity persisted. Members of the security services committed acts of physical and psychological abuse on suspects and detainees, and there were instances of
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has publicly condemned political killings "in the harshest possible terms" and urged witnesses to come forward, although the sincerity of the condemnation was in doubt due to the continuation of the killings.
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lamented the lack of court convictions in cases of political killings ... despite a marked decline in the incidents due to international pressure on the government. Alistair MacDonald, ambassador of the
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PHILIPPINES: Class
Struggle and Socialist Revolution in the Philippines: Understanding the Crisis of U.S. Hegemony, Arroyo State Terrorism, and Neoliberal Globalization [Monthly Review]
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The
Government should provide the Special Rapporteur with a copy of an "order of battle" relating to one of the zones in the country in which significant conflict is currently occurring.
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remains in a state of almost total denial… of its need to respond effectively and authentically to the significant number of killings which have been convincingly attributed to them"
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in 2001. These include extrajudicial harassment, torture, disappearances and murder of civilian non-combatants by the military and police. The events are thought to be linked to the "
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on extrajudicial killings has criticized the
Philippine government for not doing enough to stop the killings, many of which had been linked to government anti-insurgency operations.
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The Government should commit to restoring the effectiveness of constitutionally mandated accountability arrangements, especially in relation to the role of Congressional oversight;
510:. If such characterizations are ever to be made it must be by civilian authorities, on the basis of transparent criteria, and in conformity with the human rights provisions of the
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E. San Juan, Jr., "Class Struggle and Socialist Revolution in the Philippines: Understanding the Crisis of U.S. Hegemony, Arroyo State Terrorism, and Neoliberal Globalization"
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E. San Juan, Jr., "Class Struggle and Socialist Revolution in the Philippines: Understanding the Crisis of U.S. Hegemony, Arroyo State Terrorism, and Neoliberal Globalization"
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The Government should immediately direct all military officers to cease making public statements linking political or other civil society groups to those engaged in
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A Human Rights Watch Submission to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights regarding the Universal Periodic Review of the Republic of the Philippines
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government's strong commitment to human rights and its firm resolve to put an end to these unexplained killings and put their perpetrators behind bars."
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should begin to take seriously its independent constitutional role in responding to extrajudicial killings plausibly attributed to public officials;
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This was said to be the result in the creation of a task force was created in 2006 as the government's response to the extrajudicial killings.
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Human rights organizations and media watchdogs criticized the Philippine government for failing to act against the killings including,
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The political killings in the Philippines, with an estimated death toll of over 1,200 in 2010, began during the administration of
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has denied any involvement in the killings, and said, in 2007, that a drop by 83% in the number of political killings that year
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Most of those killed or "disappeared" were peasant or worker activists belonging to progressive groups such as
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The online publication Bulatlat states that "ccording to a recent international fact-finding mission of
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Foreign Terrorist Organization: Redesignation of Communist Party of the Philippines/New People's Army
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1184:"Counterinsurgency plan blamed for killings extended - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos"
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and, of the 58 cases where charges were brought, has secured only convictions only twice.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1355:. The Official Website of the Republic of the Philippines. 2006-07-24. Archived from
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reported in 2010 that an estimated 1,200 civilians had died due to the campaign.
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Numerous actors are said to be responsible for these killings which include the
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for Bay Area Indymedia. Republished by "Asian Human Rights Commission in News".
1046:"Philippines: Filpina Militants Indict Bush-Arroyo For Crimes Against Humanity"
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have been implicated in most of the hundred or so murders of journalists since
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announced that the counter-insurgency program would end by December 31, 2010.
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activists often were subject to harassment by local security forces.
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The following are interim recommendations from the Alston Report of
1139:. Asia Times. 2007-02-13. Archived from the original on 2008-12-02.
982:. Asia Times. 2007-02-13. Archived from the original on 2007-02-16.
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Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines
1353:"State of the Nation Address of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo"
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was restored in 1986. Employed by corrupt politicians or hired as
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EU laments no court convictions in Philippine political killings
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The Alston Report on extrajudicial killings in the Philippines
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1460:"Human Rights Violations in the Philippines: A Grim Reality"
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Philippines: Political Killings, Human Rights and the Peace
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In conjunction with the executive branch of Government, the
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stated that she was seeking a resolution to the problem.
135:"Political killings in the Philippines" 2001–2010
244:advocates, the political opposition, and outspoken
126:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1470:(43). bulatlat.com. November 30 – December 6, 2003
935:Journalists killed under the Arroyo administration
498:on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions
1335:"PNP: Extrajudicial killings fell by 83% in 2007"
75:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
863:for failing to stop these killings saying that:
1137:"Deadly dirty work in the Philippines (page 2)"
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980:"Deadly dirty work in the Philippines (page 1)"
957:President Aquino needs to tackle an old problem
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548:created an investigating body headed by former
425:, which according to Cher S Jimenez writing in
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1087:"What Drives Macapagal-Arroyo's "Silent War"?"
875:and political killings, including killings of
248:that have increased dramatically since 2001.
8:
1396:Militants to Aquino: Scrap Oplan Bantay Laya
646:, has stated in 2010 that the government of
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1337:. Inquirer.net. 2008-01-14. Archived from
259:. Left-wing political groups, such as the
1545:Extrajudicial killings in the Philippines
1421:Predators: Private militias - Philippines
1377:AFP cites gains of internal security plan
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204:Learn how and when to remove this message
186:Learn how and when to remove this message
1165:Leftist Activist Is Slain in Philippines
925:Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines
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1021:E. San Juan, Jr. (September 18, 2006).
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309:on the human rights watch lists of the
305:These series of events have placed the
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1560:Political violence in the Philippines
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273:Citizen Armed Force Geographical Unit
218:political killings in the Philippines
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1490:. Apr 4, 2008. Monsters and Critics.
1306:"Melo: Commission report 'complete'"
124:adding citations to reliable sources
904:Communist Party of the Philippines
604:Communist Party of the Philippines
281:Communist Party of the Philippines
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1048:. Bay Area Indymedia. 2007-04-28.
690:, and Reporters Without Borders.
496:United Nations Special Rapporteur
488:United Nations Special Rapporteur
357:United Nations Special Rapporteur
323:United Nations Special Rapporteur
31:This article has multiple issues.
1540:21st-century human rights abuses
688:Committee to Protect Journalists
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1027:. Asian Human Rights Commission
622:Left-wing politicians from the
600:Armed Forces of the Philippines
559:Armed Forces of the Philippines
460:Armed Forces of the Philippines
265:Armed Forces of the Philippines
111:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
908:Foreign Terrorist Organization
544:On August 21, 2006, President
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1506:Report on human rights, 2009.
1202:The Philippine Daily Inquirer
757:, in a 2008 report, reported
580:government of the Philippines
257:Moro Islamic Liberation Front
1304:Alberto, Thea (2007-02-15).
1173:. Published on July 5, 2010.
612:provinces of the Philippines
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1394:Dalangin-Fernandez, Lira.
670:Human rights organizations
624:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
464:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
419:state of emergency in 2006
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269:Philippine National Police
261:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
1521:December 5, 2011, at the
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1408:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1310:Philippine Daily Inquirer
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867:Arbitrary, unlawful, and
694:Reporters Without Borders
662:. They further said that
466:condemned the extension.
444:Human Rights Commissioner
1550:2000s in the Philippines
470:Fact-finding commissions
1555:2010 in the Philippines
1449:, Amnesty International
748:Amnesty International,
592:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
546:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
423:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
341:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
289:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
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776:Rights Watch writes:
733:Amnesty International
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684:Amnesty International
574:Philippine government
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291:with the codename of
920:Maguindanao massacre
786:Human Rights Watch,
767:Human Rights Watch,
458:In August 2010, the
440:Secretary of Justice
120:improve this article
1219:The Philippine Star
1050:Article written by
966:The Philippine Star
871:by elements of the
838:European Commission
803:Foreign governments
618:Left-wing activists
502:published in 2007.
417:As a result of the
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1401:2010-07-18 at the
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530:Ombudsman's office
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452:The New York Times
873:security services
791:The human rights
741:New People's Army
644:Luzviminda Ilagan
640:Rafael V. Mariano
608:New People's Army
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1385:. July 19, 2010.
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1411:. 15 July 2010
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1089:. Bulatlat.
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861:Philippines
610:in several
442:and former
307:Philippines
299:Bantay Laya
238:journalists
176:August 2020
85:August 2020
1534:Categories
1474:2009-04-08
1363:2007-06-05
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1194:2010-08-16
1111:2008-04-05
1031:2008-05-09
941:References
855:report on
822:exercises.
818:under the
721:motorcycle
709:militiamen
525:witnesses;
369:Bayan Muna
329:Background
277:insurgency
146:newspapers
36:improve it
820:Balikatan
797:Karapatan
713:democracy
660:wants to"
658:President
654:and that
632:Liza Maza
569:Reactions
554:Jose Melo
385:Karapatan
381:Anakbayan
373:Anakpawis
234:activists
230:left-wing
42:talk page
1519:Archived
1424:Archived
1399:Archived
1283:. 2007.
1277:Archived
1234:GMA News
1145:cite web
988:cite web
914:See also
793:watchdog
784:—
765:—
746:—
726:Mindanao
705:soldiers
606:and the
552:Justice
394:—
377:GABRIELA
313:and the
255:and the
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885:Leftist
881:torture
650:should
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279:of the
160:scholar
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438:Then
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167:JSTOR
153:books
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