1536:
1372:
1454:
1413:
151:
1331:
24:
1495:
1577:
1163:
248:
to "advise and assist the emperor in the discharge of his duties". The Privy
Council was an appointive body consisting of Puyi's closest friends and confidants, and the Legislative Council was largely an honorary body without authority. The State Council was therefore the center of political power in
3369:
2439:
2162:
3217:
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2687:
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2729:
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3028:
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and the increased authority of the Privy
Council. As with all other aspects of Manchukuo, the government was purely ceremonial and existed to authenticate the
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1918:
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41:
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3101:
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2277:
1872:
1694:, Deputy Minister of Industrial Development, architect of the exploitative slave economy in Manchukuo, war criminal and later post-war
3321:
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3136:
3121:
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2704:
2583:
2419:
2197:
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2152:
2028:
1972:
107:
88:
135:
which existed from 1931 to 1945. The
Manchukuo regime was established four months after the Japanese withdrawal from Shanghai with
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60:
3252:
3020:
2553:
2513:
2357:
2322:
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2147:
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67:
45:
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1988:
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1935:
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74:
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140:
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1902:
1760:
1535:
700:
347:
2287:
1856:
Yoshio
Itagaki deputy chief of Kwantung Army Intelligence and son of Seishiro Itagaki, war minister from 1938–1939
56:
34:
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2478:
1090:
197:
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1908:
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1817:
Chief of military
Mission in Harbin and political adviser to the white Russian political groups in same city
2784:
1777:
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1412:
638:
399:
1097:
1712:
1706:
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1896:
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1330:
1077:, in an interview with foreign journalists, mentioned his interest in forming a political party with
210:
1832:
1820:
1801:
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1850:
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241:
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as the nominal but powerless head of state to add some semblance of legitimacy, as he was a former
81:
1838:
1814:
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767:
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2013:
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1962:
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1866:
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1344:
1884:
1718:
1181:
1145:
128:
1590:
261:
rather than to rule the people of
Manchukuo. True authority remained in the hands of the
1957:
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1736:
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1114:
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892:
807:
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476:
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233:
189:
185:
23:
2049:
1220:
1195:
1134:
Monarquic Party (White
Russian Tsarist Monarchic party with Japanese approval)
1082:
862:
506:
332:
171:
159:
155:
1051:
1741:
1709:
Army senior staff officer and Attaché to the
Imperial Household in Manchukuo
1654:
1208:
1167:
1162:
1078:
132:
120:
1841:
head of the 2nd (Intelligence) department of the staff of the
Kwantung Army
1811:
Army Senior
Lieutenant, son and personal secretary of Prince Fumimaro Konoe
1715:
official Kangde emperor biographer and author of "Epochal Journey to Japan"
228:
assuming the Manchukuo throne under the reign name of Emperor Kang-de. An
1887:, founder of Far Eastern Jewish Council and Betarim Jew Zionists Movement
1700:
1276:
1226:
1118:
217:
1081:
doctrines. The Japanese "native" establishment, however, organized some
209:"Manchukuo government" redirects here. For the modern organisation, see
1938:, Spanish chargé d'affaires 1942 to 1943, commercial attaché since 1940
1914:
2414:
1214:
1141:
586:
568:
163:
144:
1202:
1188:
1161:
1137:
Betarim Jew Zionist Movement (Jewish rights movement in Manchukuo)
249:
Manchukuo. The organic law was largely an abridged version of the
1174:
1128:
Bureau for Russian Emigrants in Manchuria (BREM) led by General
1122:
253:, with an important difference being the lack of any mention of
225:
136:
2053:
17:
1869:, ex-Soviet Far East NKVD defector, adviser to Kwantung Army
1835:
intelligence officer and head of the Dairen military mission
1804:
Japanese General Counselor in Vladivostok and then in Harbin
1093:
mould. Such movements, which had official status, were:
1967:. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
1121:
as the party symbol, and guided by a Russian fascist "
1191:(brother of Puyi, possible heir of Manchukuo Throne)
3362:
3337:
3290:
3205:
3160:
2919:
2883:
2863:
2626:
2452:
2394:
2374:
2096:
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2012:
1911:, Vatican diplomatic officer in Harbin, Manchuria
1144:Zionist council in Harbin, Manchukuo led by Dr.
1823:head of the Japanese military mission in Harbin
1211:(Japanese sister-in-law of the Kangde Emperor)
1184:(Empress and first wife of the Kangde Emperor)
1103:Northeast Administrative Committee (Manchukuo
2065:
1905:, Vatican representative in Harbin, Manchuria
1847:deputy chief of intelligence of Kwantung Army
1759:, Vice Minister of Civil Affairs and head of
8:
1965:(Australian Flora and Fauna Series Number 8)
1117:anti-communist party in Manchukuo, used the
154:Manchukuo Politicians-Front row, from left:
1881:, another White Russian anticommunist chief
1733:, Japanese spymaster and military commander
1703:, Chamberlain, aide-de-camp to Emperor Puyi
3341:
3294:
2923:
2630:
2456:
2100:
2072:
2058:
2050:
2042:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2015:The Cambridge Illustrated History of China
1853:deputy chief of Kwantung Army Intelligence
1298:
272:
1930:Fernando Valdés Ibargüen, Count of Torata
1917:, ambassador from the Japanese-sponsored
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1829:head of a sabotage group of that mission
149:
1948:
1306:
1255:, Manchukuo's first ambassador in Tokyo
2035:
1792:Kwantung Army ambassador to Manchukuo.
166:, Chief of imperial household agency;
1893:, Hungarian pro-Japanese collaborator
232:issued the same day, promulgated the
188:(袁金鎧), Minister of Palatine affairs;
158:(於芷山), Minister of military affairs;
7:
1899:, German consul in Harbin, Manchuria
1875:, White Russian anticommunist leader
1657:(7 September 1939 – 22 October 1940)
1235:(daughter of Pu-Chieh and Hiro Saga)
46:adding citations to reliable sources
1936:José González de Gregorio y Arribas
1926:, Spanish chargé d'affaires to 1939
1873:Konstantin Vladimirovich Rodzaevsky
1786:Commander, Kwantung Defense Command
200:(張燕卿), Minister of foreign affairs.
3218:Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1177:(Kangde Emperor and head of state)
1113:(later the Russian Fascist Party;
178:(呂榮寰), Minister of civil affairs;
14:
1798:Japanese Consul-general in Harbin
1750:, Navy officer, co-author of the
1663:(22 October 1940 – 10 April 1941)
1651:(18 June 1938 – 7 September 1939)
1100:(State-sponsored political party)
236:of the new state, establishing a
2011:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1996),
1621:(10 August 1928 – 8 August 1932)
1575:
1534:
1493:
1452:
1411:
1370:
1329:
1279:, Manchukuo ambassador in Berlin
1229:(4th Wife of the Kangde Emperor)
1223:(2nd Wife of the Kangde Emperor)
1217:(first concubine of the Emperor)
22:
2562:Secretariat of National Defense
1932:, Spanish minister 1941 to 1942
1681:(7 April 1945 – 11 August 1945)
1669:(10 April 1941 – 1 August 1942)
1267:, Manchukuo ambassador in Tokyo
1261:, Manchukuo ambassador in Tokyo
1073:During his administration, the
1069:Political parties and movements
33:needs additional citations for
1919:Nanjing Nationalist Government
1739:, Army officer, author of the
1675:(1 August 1942 – 7 April 1945)
1639:(23 March 1936 – 1 March 1937)
1633:(5 March 1934 – 23 March 1936)
1627:(8 August 1932 – 5 March 1934)
1302:
251:Imperial Japanese Constitution
196:(阮振鐸), Minister of education;
1:
1903:Auguste Ernest Pierre Gaspais
1273:, Manchukuo diplomat in Tokyo
1233:Princess Aisin Gioro Huisheng
1148:, with Japanese Army support)
1005:Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
246:General Affairs State Council
220:on 1 March 1934, with former
3223:Independent State of Croatia
2080:Chiefs of defence by country
1995:, p. 6, 11 October 1932
1645:(1 March 1937 – 30 May 1938)
1140:Far Eastern Jewish Council (
696:Minister of Economic Affairs
192:(李紹庚), Minister of traffic;
182:(丁鑑修), Minister of industry.
162:(謝介石), Ambassador to Japan;
1565:4 years, 315 days
1524:3 years, 185 days
1111:White Russian Fascist Party
328:Minister of Foreign Affairs
216:Manchukuo was proclaimed a
174:, President of the senate;
3411:
2875:Republic of China (Taiwan)
1780:, State Shinto head priest
1761:Manchukuo Film Association
1727:, Vice Minister of Finance
1442:1 year, 134 days
1287:
208:
3344:
3297:
2926:
2633:
2459:
2103:
2085:
1924:Mariano Amoedo Galarmendi
1768:, prominent industrialist
1606:1 year, 24 days
1483:1 year, 87 days
1158:The Imperial Manchu Court
1004:
986:
857:
787:
695:
581:
563:
471:
327:
294:
3268:Republic of Serb Krajina
2148:Central African Republic
1360:1 year, 7 days
564:Minister of the Interior
2567:Secretariat of the Navy
1774:, prominent businessman
1721:, Vice Foreign Minister
1696:Prime Minister of Japan
57:"Politics of Manchukuo"
2961:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1175:Aisin Gioro Henry Puyi
1170:
201:
3395:Politics of Manchukuo
2589:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2303:São Tomé and Príncipe
2168:Republic of the Congo
2019:, New York, pp.
1238:Princess Aisin Gioro
1165:
1098:Concordia Association
987:Minister of Education
788:Minister of Transport
184:Rear row, from left:
153:
2890:Democratic Kampuchea
2840:United Arab Emirates
1778:Toranosuke Hashimoto
1772:Tatsunosuke Takasaki
211:Manchukuo Government
42:improve this article
3164:limited recognition
2867:limited recognition
2599:Trinidad and Tobago
2464:Antigua and Barbuda
2378:limited recognition
1398:27 July 1933 †
1201:Prince Aisin Gioro
1194:Prince Aisin Gioro
1187:Prince Aisin Gioro
1166:Puyi as Emperor of
582:Minister of Finance
472:Minister of Defense
274:
242:Legislative Council
2519:Dominican Republic
1421:Hishikari, Takashi
1242:(distant relative)
1171:
1130:Vladimir Kislitsin
858:Minister of Health
273:
202:
170:, Prime Minister;
3382:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3333:
3332:
3286:
3285:
2915:
2914:
2622:
2621:
2448:
2447:
2183:Equatorial Guinea
1993:The Straits Times
1963:The Banksia Atlas
1891:Trebitsch Lincoln
1879:General Kislitsin
1790:Takashi Hishikari
1748:Koreshige Inuzuka
1713:Kenjiro Hayashide
1707:Yoshioka Yasunori
1686:Others (Japanese)
1667:Teiichi Yoshimoto
1610:
1609:
1597:
1556:
1515:
1474:
1433:
1427:Takashi Hishikari
1392:
1351:
1198:(brother of Puyi)
1066:
1065:
287:Left office
284:Took office
230:imperial rescript
118:
117:
110:
92:
3402:
3342:
3317:Papua New Guinea
3295:
3263:Republika Srpska
3238:Imperial Germany
2924:
2631:
2457:
2420:Ethiopian Empire
2101:
2089:Chief of Defence
2074:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2033:
2018:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1989:"Another League"
1985:
1979:
1978:
1953:
1867:Genrikh Lyushkov
1766:Yoshisuke Aikawa
1757:Masahiko Amakasu
1637:Seishirō Itagaki
1595:
1586:
1579:
1559:7 September 1939
1554:
1545:
1544:Umezu, Yoshijirō
1538:
1521:7 September 1939
1513:
1504:
1497:
1477:10 December 1934
1472:
1463:
1456:
1439:10 December 1934
1431:
1422:
1415:
1390:
1381:
1374:
1349:
1340:
1333:
1304:
1299:
1205:(nephew of Puyi)
1091:Shōwa militarist
1089:parties, in the
1055:
1018:
975:
953:
931:
846:
776:
754:
684:
647:
625:
552:
530:
430:
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275:
113:
106:
102:
99:
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91:
50:
26:
18:
3410:
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3404:
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3401:
3400:
3399:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3374:
3358:
3329:
3282:
3213:Austria–Hungary
3201:
3187:Northern Cyprus
3163:
3156:
2911:
2879:
2866:
2859:
2618:
2444:
2390:
2377:
2370:
2092:
2081:
2078:
2034:
2031:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1958:Hopper, Stephen
1955:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1909:Charles Lemaire
1897:August Ponschab
1885:Abraham Kaufman
1863:
1845:Tamaki Kumazaki
1719:Chiune Sugihara
1688:
1679:Hikosaburo Hata
1594:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1553:
1550:Yoshijirō Umezu
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1389:
1383:
1380:Mutō, Nobuyoshi
1379:
1376:
1375:
1348:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1319:Time in office
1292:
1286:
1249:
1160:
1155:
1146:Abraham Kaufman
1071:
1056:
1049:
1034:
1019:
1012:
994:
976:
969:
954:
947:
932:
925:
910:
895:
880:
865:
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840:
825:
810:
795:
777:
770:
755:
748:
733:
718:
703:
685:
678:
663:
648:
641:
639:Ts'ai Yün-sheng
626:
619:
604:
589:
571:
553:
546:
531:
524:
509:
494:
479:
461:
446:
431:
424:
409:
402:
400:Ts'ai Yün-sheng
387:
380:
365:
350:
335:
317:
302:
271:
214:
207:
183:
129:Empire of Japan
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3397:
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3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3349:European Union
3345:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3258:Russian Empire
3255:
3253:Ottoman Empire
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3228:Czechoslovakia
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3147:United Kingdom
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2981:Czech Republic
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2896:
2894:Imperial Japan
2891:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
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2797:
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2767:
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2757:
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2742:
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2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2624:
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2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
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2569:
2564:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
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2476:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Bophuthatswana
2402:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
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2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2029:
2006:
2005:
1980:
1973:
1956:Taylor, Anne;
1947:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1833:Yutaka Takeoka
1830:
1827:Kenji Ishikawa
1824:
1821:Genzo Yanagita
1818:
1812:
1809:Fumitaka Konoe
1805:
1802:Funao Miyakawa
1799:
1796:Kimio Miyagawa
1793:
1787:
1784:Yanagida Genzo
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1737:Norihiro Yasue
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:Nobusuke Kishi
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1673:Yukio Kasahara
1670:
1664:
1661:Heitarō Kimura
1658:
1652:
1649:Rensuke Isogai
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1613:Chief of Staff
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:11 August 1945
1601:
1598:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1503:Ueda, Kenkichi
1500:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1386:Nobuyoshi Mutō
1377:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1339:Honjō, Shigeru
1336:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1288:Main article:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1259:Yuan Cheng-Tse
1256:
1248:
1247:Others (local)
1245:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1153:Notable people
1151:
1150:
1149:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1108:
1101:
1075:Kangde Emperor
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:18 August 1945
1060:
1057:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
990:
988:
984:
983:
982:18 August 1945
980:
977:
967:Chin Ming-shih
965:
962:
961:
958:
957:September 1942
955:
943:
940:
939:
938:September 1942
936:
933:
921:
918:
917:
914:
911:
906:
903:
902:
899:
896:
891:
888:
887:
884:
881:
876:
873:
872:
869:
866:
861:
859:
855:
854:
853:September 1942
851:
848:
836:
833:
832:
831:September 1942
829:
826:
821:
818:
817:
814:
811:
806:
803:
802:
799:
796:
791:
789:
785:
784:
783:18 August 1945
781:
780:September 1942
778:
766:
763:
762:
761:September 1942
759:
756:
744:
741:
740:
737:
734:
729:
726:
725:
722:
719:
714:
711:
710:
707:
704:
699:
697:
693:
692:
691:18 August 1945
689:
686:
674:
671:
670:
667:
666:September 1942
664:
659:
656:
655:
654:September 1942
652:
649:
637:
634:
633:
630:
627:
615:
612:
611:
610:September 1942
608:
605:
600:
597:
596:
593:
590:
585:
583:
579:
578:
577:18 August 1945
575:
572:
567:
565:
561:
560:
559:18 August 1945
557:
556:September 1942
554:
542:
539:
538:
537:September 1942
535:
532:
520:
517:
516:
513:
510:
505:
502:
501:
498:
495:
490:
487:
486:
483:
480:
475:
473:
469:
468:
467:18 August 1945
465:
462:
457:
454:
453:
450:
449:September 1942
447:
442:
439:
438:
437:September 1942
435:
432:
422:Wei Huan-chang
420:
417:
416:
413:
410:
398:
395:
394:
391:
388:
376:
373:
372:
369:
366:
361:
358:
357:
354:
351:
346:
343:
342:
339:
336:
331:
329:
325:
324:
323:18 August 1945
321:
318:
313:
310:
309:
306:
303:
298:
296:
295:Prime Minister
292:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
270:
267:
206:
203:
143:and an ethnic
127:set up by the
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3407:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3338:Supranational
3336:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
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3231:
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3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:South Ossetia
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3159:
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3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
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3128:
3125:
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3118:
3115:
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3110:
3108:
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3100:
3098:
3095:
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3090:
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3057:
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3047:
3045:
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3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2907:South Vietnam
2905:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2856:
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2828:
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2818:
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2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
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2741:
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2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2604:United States
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:British Egypt
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2223:Guinea-Bissau
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2032:
2030:0-521-66991-X
2026:
2022:
2017:
2016:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1974:0-644-07124-9
1970:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1851:Hiroki Nohara
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:Kenji Doihara
1729:
1726:
1725:Hoshino Naoki
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:Kuniaki Koiso
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1585:Yamada, Otozō
1583:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1509:Kenkichi Ueda
1501:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:353 days
1400:
1397:
1395:8 August 1932
1394:
1388:
1387:
1382:Field Marshal
1378:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1357:8 August 1932
1356:
1354:1 August 1931
1353:
1347:
1346:
1345:Shigeru Honjō
1337:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:Kwantung Army
1284:Kwantung Army
1283:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:Bao Guancheng
1251:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:White Russian
1112:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:February 1935
1036:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:December 1934
1024:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
996:
993:
989:
985:
981:
978:
973:
968:
964:
963:
960:December 1944
959:
956:
951:
946:
945:Yü Ching-yüan
942:
941:
937:
934:
929:
924:
920:
919:
915:
912:
909:
905:
904:
900:
897:
894:
890:
889:
885:
882:
879:
875:
874:
870:
867:
864:
860:
856:
852:
849:
844:
839:
835:
834:
830:
828:December 1940
827:
824:
820:
819:
816:December 1940
815:
812:
809:
805:
804:
800:
797:
794:
790:
786:
782:
779:
774:
769:
765:
764:
760:
757:
752:
747:
746:Yü Ching-yüan
743:
742:
738:
735:
732:
728:
727:
723:
720:
717:
713:
712:
708:
705:
702:
701:Zhang Yanqing
698:
694:
690:
688:December 1944
687:
682:
677:
676:Yü Ching-yüan
673:
672:
668:
665:
662:
658:
657:
653:
650:
645:
640:
636:
635:
631:
628:
623:
618:
614:
613:
609:
606:
603:
599:
598:
594:
591:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:
570:
566:
562:
558:
555:
550:
545:
541:
540:
536:
534:24 April 1939
533:
528:
523:
519:
518:
515:24 April 1939
514:
511:
508:
504:
503:
499:
496:
493:
492:Zhang Jinghui
489:
488:
484:
481:
478:
474:
470:
466:
463:
460:
456:
455:
451:
448:
445:
441:
440:
436:
433:
428:
423:
419:
418:
414:
411:
406:
401:
397:
396:
392:
389:
384:
379:
378:Shoichi Kanki
375:
374:
370:
367:
364:
363:Zhang Jinghui
360:
359:
355:
352:
349:
348:Zhang Yanqing
345:
344:
340:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:
316:
315:Zhang Jinghui
312:
311:
307:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
276:
268:
266:
264:
263:Kwantung Army
260:
256:
252:
247:
243:
239:
238:Privy Council
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
212:
204:
199:
198:Zhang Yanqing
195:
191:
187:
181:
177:
173:
169:
168:Zhang Jinghui
165:
161:
157:
152:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
3273:Soviet Union
3248:East Germany
3243:Nazi Germany
3197:Transnistria
2901:
2835:Turkmenistan
2805:Saudi Arabia
2328:South Africa
2318:Sierra Leone
2128:Burkina Faso
2087:
2014:
2009:
1997:, retrieved
1992:
1983:
1961:
1951:
1839:Saburo Asada
1815:Shun Akifusa
1751:
1740:
1600:18 July 1944
1591:Otozō Yamada
1589:
1562:18 July 1944
1548:
1518:6 March 1936
1507:
1480:6 March 1936
1466:
1462:Minami, Jirō
1436:29 July 1933
1425:
1384:
1343:
1265:Li Shao-Keng
1107:local party)
1072:
1010:Ko Tzung-hsi
992:Ruan Zhenduo
935:January 1941
923:Ku Tz'u-heng
916:January 1941
850:January 1941
838:Ku Tz'u-heng
823:Ruan Zhenduo
793:Ding Jianxiu
768:Huang Fu-qün
716:Ding Jianxiu
661:Ruan Zhenduo
617:Han Yün-chie
592:9 March 1932
544:Xing Shilian
497:7 April 1932
485:7 April 1932
482:9 March 1932
459:Ruan Zhenduo
305:9 March 1932
300:Zheng Xiaoxu
259:puppet state
255:civil rights
222:Qing dynasty
215:
194:Ruan Zhenduo
180:Ding Jianxiu
125:puppet state
119:
104:
98:January 2007
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
3370:Warsaw Pact
3312:New Zealand
3162:states with
3132:Switzerland
3077:Netherlands
2865:states with
2795:Philippines
2735:South Korea
2730:North Korea
2668:PR of China
2638:Afghanistan
2529:El Salvador
2376:states with
2333:South Sudan
2228:Ivory Coast
1643:Hideki Tōjō
1631:Juzo Nishio
1619:Koji Miyake
1596:(1881–1965)
1555:(1882–1949)
1514:(1875–1962)
1473:(1874–1955)
1468:Jirō Minami
1432:(1871–1952)
1391:(1868–1933)
1350:(1876–1945)
1316:Left office
1313:Took office
1105:nationalist
1087:nationalist
1050: [
1032:Yuan Jinkai
1013: [
970: [
948: [
926: [
908:Lü Ronghuan
893:Sun Qichang
878:Lü Ronghuan
841: [
808:Li Shaogeng
771: [
749: [
731:Lü Ronghuan
679: [
642: [
620: [
607:21 May 1935
602:Sun Qichang
595:21 May 1935
574:21 May 1935
547: [
525: [
512:21 May 1935
500:20 May 1935
477:Ma Zhanshan
444:Li Shaogeng
425: [
403: [
381: [
320:21 May 1935
308:21 May 1935
269:Composition
234:organic law
190:Li Shaogeng
186:Yuan Jinkai
176:Lü Ronghuan
3278:Yugoslavia
3072:Montenegro
3049:Luxembourg
2946:Azerbaijan
2845:Uzbekistan
2825:Tajikistan
2745:Kyrgyzstan
2725:Kazakhstan
2673:East Timor
2648:Bangladesh
2386:Somaliland
2313:Seychelles
2278:Mozambique
2268:Mauritania
2253:Madagascar
2143:Cape Verde
1999:20 October
1943:References
1295:Commanders
1271:Gen. Tinge
1221:Tan Yuling
1083:right-wing
1059:April 1944
1040:April 1944
1022:March 1934
979:April 1944
883:March 1935
871:March 1935
868:March 1932
863:Zang Shiyi
813:March 1935
801:March 1935
798:March 1932
706:March 1932
669:April 1944
522:Yu Yucheng
507:Yu Zhishan
464:April 1944
452:April 1944
412:April 1938
393:April 1938
333:Xie Jieshi
205:Government
172:Zang Shiyi
160:Xie Jieshi
156:Yu Zhishan
68:newspapers
3302:Australia
3054:Macedonia
3044:Lithuania
2902:Manchukuo
2898:Mengjiang
2815:Sri Lanka
2810:Singapore
2683:Indonesia
2614:Venezuela
2574:Nicaragua
2534:Guatemala
2469:Argentina
1752:Fugu Plan
1742:Fugu Plan
1655:Jo Iimura
1310:Commander
1307:Portrait
1209:Hiro Saga
1168:Manchukuo
1079:Confucian
1047:Chi-hsing
1000:July 1937
390:July 1937
371:July 1937
278:Portfolio
133:Manchuria
121:Manchukuo
3389:Category
3172:Abkhazia
3117:Slovenia
3112:Slovakia
3092:Portugal
2966:Bulgaria
2830:Thailand
2790:Pakistan
2770:Mongolia
2765:Maldives
2760:Malaysia
2663:Cambodia
2594:Suriname
2579:Paraguay
2549:Honduras
2509:Colombia
2479:Barbados
2453:Americas
2430:Transkei
2425:Rhodesia
2366:Zimbabwe
2343:Tanzania
2198:Ethiopia
2193:Eswatini
2173:Djibouti
2163:DR Congo
2138:Cameroon
2123:Botswana
2038:citation
1960:(1988).
1701:Chu Kudo
1277:Lu Yiwen
1227:Li Yuqin
1119:swastika
997:May 1935
913:May 1940
901:May 1940
898:May 1937
886:May 1937
758:May 1940
739:May 1940
736:May 1937
724:May 1937
721:May 1935
709:May 1935
651:May 1940
632:May 1940
629:May 1937
434:May 1940
415:May 1940
368:May 1937
356:May 1937
281:Minister
244:and the
224:emperor
218:monarchy
3326:Vanuatu
3291:Oceania
3233:Prussia
3177:Artsakh
3152:Vatican
3142:Ukraine
3097:Romania
3064:Moldova
3029:Ireland
3025:Iceland
3021:Hungary
3011:Georgia
3006:Germany
2996:Finland
2991:Estonia
2986:Denmark
2971:Croatia
2956:Belgium
2951:Belarus
2941:Austria
2936:Armenia
2931:Albania
2850:Vietnam
2775:Myanmar
2755:Lebanon
2643:Bahrain
2609:Uruguay
2558:Mexico
2554:Jamaica
2524:Ecuador
2489:Bolivia
2474:Bahamas
2353:Tunisia
2323:Somalia
2308:Senegal
2293:Nigeria
2283:Namibia
2273:Morocco
2243:Liberia
2238:Lesotho
2188:Eritrea
2158:Comoros
2133:Burundi
2108:Algeria
1915:Lian Yu
1807:Prince
1587:General
1546:General
1505:General
1464:General
1423:General
1341:General
1182:Wanrong
1180:Madame
141:emperor
82:scholar
3363:former
3206:former
3182:Kosovo
3137:Turkey
3127:Sweden
3107:Serbia
3102:Russia
3087:Poland
3082:Norway
3068:Monaco
3039:Latvia
3016:Greece
3001:France
2976:Cyprus
2920:Europe
2884:former
2740:Kuwait
2720:Jordan
2710:Israel
2658:Brunei
2653:Bhutan
2539:Guyana
2499:Canada
2494:Brazil
2484:Belize
2410:Ciskei
2401:Biafra
2395:former
2362:Zambia
2358:Uganda
2298:Rwanda
2258:Malawi
2218:Guinea
2208:Gambia
2113:Angola
2097:Africa
2027:
1971:
1861:Others
1240:Xianyu
1215:Wenxiu
1142:Jewish
587:Xi Qia
569:Xi Qia
164:Xi Qia
145:Manchu
123:was a
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
3322:Tonga
3122:Spain
3059:Malta
3034:Italy
2855:Yemen
2820:Syria
2800:Qatar
2780:Nepal
2715:Japan
2678:India
2544:Haiti
2504:Chile
2440:Zaire
2435:Venda
2338:Sudan
2288:Niger
2248:Libya
2233:Kenya
2213:Ghana
2203:Gabon
2178:Egypt
2118:Benin
1203:Yuyan
1196:Puren
1189:Pujie
1054:]
1017:]
974:]
952:]
930:]
845:]
775:]
753:]
683:]
646:]
624:]
551:]
529:]
429:]
407:]
385:]
89:JSTOR
75:books
3354:NATO
3307:Fiji
2785:Oman
2750:Laos
2705:Iraq
2698:IRGC
2688:Iran
2627:Asia
2584:Peru
2514:Cuba
2348:Togo
2263:Mali
2153:Chad
2044:link
2025:ISBN
2001:2023
1969:ISBN
1123:Duce
1085:and
353:1935
341:1935
338:1932
290:Ref
240:, a
226:Puyi
137:Puyi
61:news
2693:AJA
2021:282
1303:No.
131:in
44:by
3391::
2040:}}
2036:{{
2023:,
1991:,
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1052:ja
1015:ja
972:ja
950:ja
928:ja
843:ja
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751:ja
681:ja
644:ja
622:ja
549:ja
527:ja
427:ja
405:ja
383:ja
265:.
2073:e
2066:t
2059:v
2046:)
1977:.
1570:7
1529:6
1488:5
1447:4
1406:3
1365:2
1324:1
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