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1522:(CA) to draft and approve a permanent constitution by 9 May 1996. The present constitution was passed in 1996 and promulgated by President Nelson Mandela in 1997. It is the highest law in the land; all other laws are expected to abide by and conform to the principles of the constitution. The Constitution not only sets out the structure of the three branches of government and the fundamental human rights of all of South Africa's people, but it provides for the management of public funding, the delineation of the boundaries and organization of Provinces, the formation of
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1476:(NCOP) and the lower house is the National Assembly. In practice, the National Assembly is by far the more powerful house. It controls the composition of the government and its approval is required for most legislative proposals to become law. The NCOP provides equal representation to South Africa's nine provinces and its approval is required for laws that affect South Africa's provinces and cultural communities. Whereas the National Assembly is elected by party proportional representation, the NCOP is elected by the legislatures of each province.
1408:
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1507:
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981:
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1200:
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1469:. The Cabinet forms and executes policy and most legislative proposals originate from the Cabinet. The President and members of the Cabinet are accountable to the National Assembly. It has the power to remove them from office by passing a motion of no confidence and it has the power to hold them accountable through oral and written replies to questions from Members of Parliament.
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1989:
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is a court of general jurisdiction with appellate powers. It is divided into divisions that have authority over a geographic region of the country. Magistrate Courts serve as courts of first instance. There are specialized courts and tribunals with power that can be equivalent to the
Supreme Court of
1297:
In 1961, South Africa became a
Republic. The British monarch was replaced as head of state by a President elected by the minority of the population through elected representatives. In 1970, the Homeland Citizens Act was passed. It built on the system of reservations for the indigenous black African
1146:
after his resignation on
February 2018. The 2024 general election was held on 29 May 2024, with the ANC losing its majority in the national parliament for the first time in South Africa's democratic history, though it still remained the largest political party. Despite losing the majority in 2024,
4402:
Some members of the police are accused of applying excessive force and abusing suspects in custody; as a result, the number of deaths in police custody remains a problem. In April 1997, the government established an
Independent Complaints Directorate to investigate deaths in police custody and
1347:
that was adopted in 1996 and which remains in force. It sets out the structure of the government, protects fundamental human rights, creates mechanisms of accountability and divides legislative and executive power among the national, provincial and local spheres of government.
1290:. People of colour, especially the majority black population, were deprived of the few rights they had. Racial classification and discrimination was used to distribute economic resources and control political power. The white population, particularly the
1266:
including South Africa equal to each other and the United
Kingdom. In practice, this made the Union of South Africa a self-governing dominion of the British Empire. The Union of South Africa became formally independent in 1931 when the
4379:
Citizens' entitlements to a safe environment, housing, education, and health care are included in the bill of rights, and are known as secondary constitutional rights. In 2003 the constitutional secondary rights were used by the
4157:
1461:. The President is elected by the Parliament of South Africa for a five-year term. The President may only serve two terms. By convention this position is occupied by the leader of the largest party in the
4443:
he has served as
President of the Inkatha Freedom Party. He was a Minister in President Mandela's cabinet. He also served as acting President of South Africa when President Nelson Mandela was overseas.
4141:
4193:
1158:. Since then, elections have been open and competitive, and the lives of South Africans have improved across multiple metrics. However, it has faced challenges as a multi-racial, young democracy. The
6192:
6870:
4213:
1573:. Until 2008, elected officials were allowed to change political party, while retaining their seats, during set windows which occurred twice each electoral term, due to controversial
889:
4229:
2830:
1088:(ANC) has dominated South Africa's politics. The ANC is the ruling party in the national legislature, as well as in most provinces. The ANC received 40.18% of the vote during the
1298:
population to create a system of superficially independent black countries. Many Black people were deprived of their South
African citizenship and instead became citizens of the
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of their tribe. They were not recognized by a majority of the world's countries and the extent of their independent control over internal affairs was highly limited.
1602:, the ANC lost its majority in the national parliament for the first time in South Africa's democratic history, though it still remained the largest political party.
6408:
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1328:(GNU) established under the interim constitution ostensibly remained in effect until the 1999 national elections. The parties originally comprising the GNU – the
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Violent crime, including violence against women and children, and organised criminal activity are at high levels and are a grave concern. Partly as a result,
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After the 2009 elections, the ANC lost its two-thirds majority in the national legislature which had allowed it to unilaterally alter the constitution.
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Many of the principles of racial equality, majority democracy and minority rights that it established were translated into the final
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was passed. The
Bantustans were abolished and reintegrated into South Africa and their citizens regained South African citizenship.
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The judicial branch consists of the courts. It interprets and enforces laws. The highest court for constitutional matters is the
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on
Constitution Hill. It is the final arbiter of the constitution and its decisions are binding on all courts in the Republic
1248:
1240:
790:
4786:
4360:, assembly, and association. The legal rights of criminal suspects also are enumerated. It also includes wide guarantees of
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and
Cabinet. The basic ideas of this system such as a three branch government and strong Parliament remain in force today.
1100:, which received 21.81% of the vote in the 2024 election. Other major political parties represented in Parliament includes
7047:
6250:
6006:
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4376:. The constitution provides for an independent and impartial judiciary, and, in practice, these provisions are respected.
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957:
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Following the 1994 elections, South Africa was governed under an interim constitution. This constitution required the
1309:(ANC) led the fight against this system of apartheid. After intense international pressure and domestic struggle, the
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861:
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The legislative branch consists of the Parliament. The Parliament consists of two chambers: the upper house is the
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84:
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1340:(IFP) – shared executive power. On 30 June 1996, the NP withdrew from the GNU to become part of the opposition.
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There has been a growing political intolerance and repression, especially with regard to grassroots activists
370:
40:
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241:
125:
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1069:) and must retain the confidence of the Assembly in order to remain in office. South Africans also elect
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legislative amendments made in 2002. The last two-floor crossing windows occurred in 2005 and in 2007.
1545:
General elections take place every 5 years. The first fully non-racial democratic election was held in
1294:, controlled the political system. Black people were disenfranchised in all provinces of South Africa.
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4369:
3500:
1950:
1901:
1447:
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1224:
1151:
1054:
336:
196:
1235:. The Union of South Africa adopted a system of governance based on the political system of the
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6815:
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1097:
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1465:. The President appoints other members of the Cabinet called Ministers. Ministers oversee
1394:
1220:
1163:
1143:
568:
414:
216:
4787:
https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/constitution-republic-south-africa-act-200-1993
1313:
government repealed or relaxed many apartheid laws. After negotiations between the ANC,
17:
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6097:
5396:
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4365:
3622:
1310:
1263:
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426:
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4474:
4361:
4349:
4341:
3974:
1190:
1050:
1036:
824:
192:
4348:, property, and freedom and security of the person; prohibition against slavery and
6835:
6046:
6041:
6026:
6021:
5381:
5305:
4911:
4765:
4757:
South Africa. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Available at
4137:
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1418:
1199:
545:
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319:
164:
1179:
6756:
6102:
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6016:
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5356:
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4705:
Anatomy of a Miracle: The End of Apartheid and the Birth of the New South Africa
4485:
in 1994. He retired from being a Member of Parliament before his death in 2020.
4396:
4239:
2136:
1483:. It has the power to strike down laws that conflict with the Constitution. The
1216:
1131:
1062:
504:
144:
105:
74:
6080:
6068:
4802:
4780:
4429:
or homelands have had a role in South African politics since their abolition.
2263:
1291:
1139:
1116:(NNP), which both introduced and ended apartheid through its predecessor the
6749:
6638:
6392:
6092:
5416:
4845:
Political Parties in South Africa - Do They Undermine or Underpin Democracy?
4600:
4572:
4426:
4392:
1378:
1299:
1287:
1286:
of South Africa adopted a policy of institutional racial segregation called
1155:
1081:
533:
292:
98:
6170:
4336:
The constitution's bill of rights provides extensive guarantees, including
5259:
Elections and referendums in the Boer republics and South African colonies
4785:
South Africa. Constitution of South Africa, Act 200 of 1993. Available at
1243:
was the ceremonial head of state of South Africa and was represented by a
6063:
5371:
4652:
4582:
4451:
4407:
3799:
1999:
1435:
1398:
5274:
6225:
6058:
4436:
4345:
4264: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2488:
1317:, NP and other organizations, apartheid was formally abolished and the
4772:
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1931/4/pdfs/ukpga_19310004_en.pdf
1387:
6927:
6598:
3840:
4759:
https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996
4491:, former chief of the Motsweda Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane tribe of the
1275:
the power to make laws for South Africa without the approval of the
1591:(SACP) are in a formal alliance with the ruling ANC (the so-called
4653:"IEC election results home - Electoral Commission of South Africa"
4521:"2024 ELECTIONS | eNCA Project ANC Will Take 45% Of National Vote"
4388:
as a means of forcing the government to change its health policy.
1505:
4779:
South Africa. Bantu Homeland Citizenship Act, 1970. Available at
6931:
6174:
5278:
4882:
4544:"South Africa's ANC strikes coalition deal with free-market DA"
1538:. An overview on elections and election results is included in
1208:
was the first democratically elected President of South Africa.
4233:
1130:
served as president from 1994 to 1999 and his successors were
1147:
the ANC managed to retain power with a coalition government.
6264:
4686:‘The Politic of Blood’: Political Repression in South Africa
369:
4770:
United Kingdom. Statute of Westminster, 1931. Available at
4574:
Until We Have Won Our Liberty: South Africa after Apartheid
4473:, sent 1500 of his militiamen to prop up the government of
1185:
The Prime Ministers of the British Dominions attending the
4807:
South Africa's suspended revolution - Hopes and prospects
1487:
is the highest court for non-constitutional matters. The
4873:
4230:
Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2: Bill of Rights
5264:
Elections and referendums in South African Bantustans
4764:
United Kingdom. South Africa Act, 1909. Available at
816:
Department of International Relations and Cooperation
7271:
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parliamentary republic with an executive presidency
52:
31:
4791:South Africa. Status of the Union, Act 69 of 1934.
1595:), and thus do not stand separately for election.
4412:discrimination against those living with HIV/AIDS
4410:continues, although it has improved overall, and
1618:
6514:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
4766:https://media.law.wisc.edu/s/c_8/jzhy2/cbsa1.pdf
4730:"Mangope, Lucas Manyane - The O'Malley Archives"
4458:since 1997. Today he is a Member of Parliament.
130:Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces
6409:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
4670:Political tolerance on the wane in South Africa
1247:. Real political power lay in the hands of the
1092:. The main challenger to the ANC's rule is the
4672:, Imraan Buccus, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
4454:from 1987, has served as the president of the
1530:Political parties and their current vote share
6943:
6186:
5290:
4894:
4690:Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research
4340:and prohibitions against discrimination; the
1012:
8:
6453:South African Liberal Students' Association
4781:http://disa.ukzn.ac.za/leg19700309028020026
6950:
6936:
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5667:
5569:
5466:
5322:
5297:
5283:
5275:
4901:
4887:
4879:
4776:United Kingdom. Balfour Declaration, 1926.
4495:, ex-president of the former bantustan of
4481:as a homeland in 1994. He co-founded the
1604:
1262:. This document made the dominions of the
1120:(NP), disbanded in 2005 to merge with the
1019:
1005:
343:
4917:Elections and referendums in South Africa
4708:. Rutgers University Press. p. 232.
4324:Learn how and when to remove this message
3197:South African Royal Kingdoms Organisation
1536:List of political parties in South Africa
4869:Dynamics in the slow reform legislations
1073:which govern each of the country's nine
4512:
4450:, who was a general in the homeland of
4153:
4134:
4111:
4088:
4065:
4042:
4038:
4003:
355:
349:This article is part of a series on the
1585:Congress of South African Trade Unions
1510:The Constitutional Court is seated in
1417:is located in the judicial capital of
28:
4615:Democracy Index 2023: Age of Conflict
4403:deaths resulting from police action.
4112:
4089:
4066:
4043:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1453:The executive branch consists of the
7:
6447:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
6007:South African Bantu-speaking peoples
4847:. Africa Institute of South Africa.
4824:Plaut, Martin; Holden, Paul (2012).
4566:
4564:
4262:adding citations to reliable sources
4138:Electoral Commission of South Africa
1549:. Subsequent elections were held in
1526:to hold the government accountable.
1481:Constitutional Court of South Africa
1231:were united in one state called the
1154:was granted in 1994 with the end of
6535:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
4414:has been becoming a serious issue.
4205:2024 South African general election
4185:uMkhonto we Sizwe (political party)
4169:2024 South African general election
2753:African Congress for Transformation
6470:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
6415:Congress of South African Students
4477:and to contest the termination of
4439:homeland from 1976 until 1994. In
4165:Democratic Alliance (South Africa)
3243:Northern Cape Communities Movement
2039:African Christian Democratic Party
1142:(2009−2018). Zuma was replaced by
1057:. The President is elected by the
25:
4501:United Christian Democratic Party
3105:Action Alliance Development Party
2352:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
1534:For other political parties, see
1450:. It consists of three branches.
1397:in the administrative capital of
252:Second Cabinet of Cyril Ramaphosa
7258:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
7028:Democratic Republic of the Congo
6912:
6911:
6705:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
6441:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
4910:
4633:from the original on 9 June 2024
4238:
4212:
4192:
4176:
4156:
3962:
3936:
3488:
3462:
3053:
3028:
3027:
3004:
2979:
2978:
2916:
2891:
2890:
2868:
2867:
2842:
2841:
2741:
2740:
2715:
2714:
2692:
2691:
2666:
2665:
2642:
2617:
2616:
2477:
2476:
2451:
2450:
2388:
2363:
2362:
2301:
2300:
2275:
2274:
2251:
2226:
2225:
2125:
2124:
2099:
2098:
2076:
2075:
2050:
2049:
1988:
1987:
1962:
1961:
1939:
1938:
1913:
1912:
1890:
1889:
1864:
1863:
1841:
1840:
1815:
1814:
1753:
1752:
1727:
1726:
1704:
1703:
1678:
1677:
1610:
1467:executive government departments
1442:, elected by parliament, is the
1406:
1386:
1366:
1277:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1198:
1178:
979:
169:Speaker of the National Assembly
39:
6459:South African Students Congress
4843:Thuynsma, Heather, ed. (2017).
4542:Savage, Rachel (14 June 2024).
4249:needs additional citations for
3066:Alliance of Citizens for Change
2215:African Transformation Movement
6373:South Africa political parties
4577:. Princeton University Press.
3963:
3937:
3540:South African Rainbow Alliance
3489:
3463:
3054:
3005:
2917:
2643:
2401:United Africans Transformation
2389:
2252:
1381:is the seat of the Parliament.
1377:in the legislative capital of
1:
6609:(Don't) touch me on my studio
6465:South African Wine Initiative
4203:performance by region in the
4167:performance by region in the
2704:Azanian People's Organisation
1589:South African Communist Party
1474:National Council of Provinces
1150:South Africa is a democracy.
1112:(IFP). The formerly dominant
958:Politics of the Northern Cape
464:National Council of Provinces
116:National Council of Provinces
6557:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
6403:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
4408:discrimination against women
4226:Human rights in South Africa
3289:People's Movement for Change
2606:African Independent Congress
1502:Constitution of South Africa
1345:Constitution of South Africa
1326:Government of National Unity
968:Politics of the Western Cape
928:Politics of the Eastern Cape
68:Constitution of South Africa
46:Coat of arms of South Africa
6785:No Land! No House! No Vote!
6699:No Land! No House! No Vote!
4674:SA Reconciliation Barometer
4623:Economist Intelligence Unit
4467:South African Defence Force
4441:post-apartheid South Africa
3017:Democratic Liberal Congress
2929:Africa Restoration Alliance
2880:African People's Convention
2567:United Independent Movement
1160:Economist Intelligence Unit
7378:
4469:, who, as a leader of the
4465:was a former chief of the
4456:United Democratic Movement
4435:was chief minister of his
4273:"Politics of South Africa"
4223:
4135:
4039:
2968:Forum for Service Delivery
2528:Allied Movement for Change
2313:National Coloured Congress
2088:United Democratic Movement
1609:
1533:
1499:
1489:High Court of South Africa
1358:Government of South Africa
1355:
1273:Parliament of South Africa
933:Politics of the Free State
6909:
6552:Treatment Action Campaign
6530:Landless Peoples Movement
6498:South Africa trade unions
6262:
6132:
5784:
5670:
5572:
5469:
5325:
5253:
4809:. Wits University Press.
4692:, Dossier 31, August 2020
4386:Treatment Action Campaign
4201:Economic Freedom Fighters
4131:
4129:
4121:
4113:Registered voters/turnout
4108:
4106:
4098:
4085:
4083:
4075:
4062:
4060:
4052:
4004:
3983:
3880:African Movement Congress
3579:African People's Movement
3413:Organic Humanity Movement
3367:Economic Liberators Forum
1804:Economic Freedom Fighters
1667:African National Congress
1540:Elections in South Africa
1455:President of South Africa
1440:President of South Africa
1433:representative democratic
1330:African National Congress
1307:African National Congress
1254:On 15 November 1926, the
1106:Economic Freedom Fighters
1086:African National Congress
1047:President of South Africa
943:Politics of KwaZulu-Natal
779:Metropolitan municipality
325:
308:
303:Judiciary of South Africa
230:
191:
143:
104:
38:
7362:Politics of South Africa
7013:Central African Republic
6871:Political assassinations
6547:Social Justice Coalition
6509:Mandela Park Backyarders
6202:Politics of South Africa
4702:Waldmeir, Patti (1998).
4657:results.elections.org.za
4571:Lieberman, Evan (2022).
4499:, was the leader of the
3452:African Content Movement
1485:Supreme Court of Appeals
1415:Supreme Court of Appeals
1271:was passed. It gave the
1260:1926 Imperial Conference
1187:1926 Imperial Conference
1067:South African Parliament
1033:Republic of South Africa
890:Political assassinations
762:Administrative divisions
500:Leader of the Opposition
33:Politics of South Africa
18:Politics in South Africa
6711:One Settler, One Bullet
5728:State-owned enterprises
5427:Democratic South Africa
4874:Institute for Democracy
4828:. Biteback Publishing.
4826:Who Rules South Africa?
4425:Many leaders of former
4338:equality before the law
3749:Africa Africans Reclaim
3151:Conservatives in Action
1459:Cabinet of South Africa
1071:provincial legislatures
986:South Africa portal
563:Supreme Court of Appeal
474:Refilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane
327:Supreme Court of Appeal
242:Cabinet of South Africa
139:Provincial legislatures
126:Refilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane
6669:Anti-Chinese sentiment
6654:White monopoly capital
6520:Poor People's Alliance
6270:
4187:performance by region.
2831:Congress of the People
2792:African Heart Congress
2655:National Freedom Party
2176:Build One South Africa
1524:Chapter 9 Institutions
1515:
1269:Statute of Westminster
1162:rated South Africa a "
963:Politics of North West
953:Politics of Mpumalanga
835:Diplomatic missions of
374:
7173:São Tomé and Príncipe
7033:Republic of the Congo
6856:Legacies of apartheid
6717:"Each One, Teach One"
6674:Anti-Indian sentiment
6619:Proudly South African
6525:Abahlali baseMjondolo
6300:Afrikaner nationalism
6268:
5347:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
4734:www.nelsonmandela.org
3328:Abantu Batho Congress
1853:Inkatha Freedom Party
1600:2024 general election
1509:
1338:Inkatha Freedom Party
1315:Inkatha Freedom Party
1233:Union of South Africa
1193:seated in the center.
1110:Inkatha Freedom Party
1090:2024 general election
784:District municipality
373:
6876:Political repression
6771:Long Walk to Freedom
6269:Flag of South Africa
5982:World Heritage Sites
5758:Water and sanitation
5367:Mthethwa Paramountcy
5078:Provincial elections
4583:10.2307/j.ctv244ssrw
4471:Afrikaner Volksfront
4433:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
4258:improve this article
4150:Party Vote by region
1520:Constituent Assembly
1375:Houses of Parliament
1319:Interim Constitution
1215:On 31 May 1910, the
558:Constitutional Court
541:Deputy Chief Justice
310:Constitutional Court
95:Houses of Parliament
7248:States with limited
6959:Politics of Africa
6866:Phala Phala robbery
6764:I Write What I Like
6589:African Renaissance
6315:Black consciousness
6295:African nationalism
5186:Municipal elections
4523:. eNCA. 30 May 2024
4448:Bantubonke Holomisa
4421:Notable politicians
4384:activist group the
4372:, health care, and
4067:Invalid/blank votes
1716:Democratic Alliance
1606:
1593:Tripartite Alliance
1258:was adopted at the
1256:Balfour Declaration
1229:Orange River Colony
1094:Democratic Alliance
1043:democratic republic
948:Politics of Limpopo
938:Politics of Gauteng
922:Provincial politics
581:Magistrate's courts
6271:
5392:Transvaal Republic
3703:All Citizens Party
3501:Sizwe Ummah Nation
1951:Freedom Front Plus
1902:Patriotic Alliance
1605:
1516:
1448:multi-party system
1444:head of government
1428:South Africa is a
1152:Universal suffrage
1114:New National Party
1055:head of government
375:
75:Legislative branch
7349:
7348:
7275:other territories
7048:Equatorial Guinea
6925:
6924:
6816:Cape Independence
6794:
6793:
6736:African Communist
6692:Amandla Ngawethu!
6594:Alternative media
6583:Political culture
6575:South African law
6479:
6478:
6365:Political parties
6168:
6167:
6128:
6127:
5771:
5770:
5763:Wealth inequality
5710:Income inequality
5657:
5656:
5632:Political parties
5597:Foreign relations
5559:
5558:
5456:
5455:
5387:Orange Free State
5362:Dutch Cape Colony
5352:Kingdom of Mutapa
5272:
5271:
4925:General elections
4854:978-0-7983-0514-3
4816:978-1-86814-608-6
4715:978-0-8135-2582-2
4592:978-0-691-20300-3
4399:sometimes occur.
4354:freedom of speech
4334:
4333:
4326:
4308:
4147:
4146:
1587:(COSATU) and the
1463:National Assembly
1136:Kgalema Motlanthe
1102:uMkhonto we Sizwe
1080:Since the end of
1059:National Assembly
1029:
1028:
857:Visa requirements
809:Foreign relations
749:Political parties
483:National Assembly
360:
342:
341:
226:National Assembly
179:National Assembly
161:Presiding officer
155:National Assembly
122:Presiding officer
16:(Redirected from
7369:
7336:
7335:(United Kingdom)
7331:Tristan da Cunha
7327:Ascension Island
7319:
7306:
7297:
7273:Dependencies and
6966:Sovereign states
6952:
6945:
6938:
6929:
6915:
6914:
6851:Land occupations
6846:Labour brokering
6778:Molotov Cocktail
6681:
6542:Reclaim the City
6490:Social movements
6421:Earthlife Africa
6320:Environmentalism
6285:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6172:
6148:
6141:
5967:National symbols
5889:Social movements
5782:
5723:
5695:Economic history
5668:
5570:
5536:Populated places
5467:
5407:Great Depression
5323:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5276:
4915:
4914:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4880:
4858:
4839:
4820:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4699:
4693:
4683:
4677:
4667:
4661:
4660:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4632:
4626:(Report). 2024.
4619:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4568:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4517:
4463:Constand Viljoen
4329:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4266:
4242:
4234:
4216:
4196:
4180:
4160:
3966:
3965:
3940:
3939:
3888:
3803:
3757:
3711:
3664:Referendum Party
3626:
3492:
3491:
3466:
3465:
3375:
3251:
3205:
3159:
3113:
3057:
3056:
3031:
3030:
3008:
3007:
2982:
2981:
2920:
2919:
2894:
2893:
2871:
2870:
2845:
2844:
2744:
2743:
2718:
2717:
2695:
2694:
2669:
2668:
2646:
2645:
2620:
2619:
2480:
2479:
2454:
2453:
2392:
2391:
2366:
2365:
2304:
2303:
2278:
2277:
2255:
2254:
2229:
2228:
2128:
2127:
2102:
2101:
2079:
2078:
2053:
2052:
1991:
1990:
1965:
1964:
1942:
1941:
1916:
1915:
1893:
1892:
1867:
1866:
1844:
1843:
1818:
1817:
1765:uMkhonto weSizwe
1756:
1755:
1730:
1729:
1707:
1706:
1681:
1680:
1614:
1607:
1413:The seat of the
1410:
1390:
1370:
1245:Governor-General
1202:
1182:
1164:flawed democracy
1138:(2008−2009) and
1098:John Steenhuisen
1021:
1014:
1007:
984:
983:
982:
742:
722:
696:
422:Deputy President
363:
358:
350:
344:
270:Deputy President
186:Executive branch
43:
29:
21:
7377:
7376:
7372:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7344:
7334:
7317:
7304:
7295:
7276:
7274:
7267:
7251:
7249:
7242:
6961:
6956:
6926:
6921:
6905:
6886:Sexual violence
6806:Corrective rape
6790:
6727:
6721:
6679:
6659:Ungovernability
6614:Freedom Charter
6578:
6561:
6504:Equal Education
6488:
6475:
6384:
6376:
6359:
6279:
6272:
6260:
6204:
6199:
6169:
6164:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6124:
5993:
5972:Public holidays
5903:
5869:Sexual violence
5849:Life expectancy
5767:
5721:
5715:Mining industry
5653:
5617:Law enforcement
5555:
5521:Mountain ranges
5452:
5431:
5402:Second Boer War
5312:
5303:
5273:
5268:
5249:
5223:
5180:
5072:
4919:
4909:
4907:
4865:
4855:
4842:
4836:
4823:
4817:
4801:
4798:
4796:Further reading
4754:
4749:
4748:
4738:
4736:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4716:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4684:
4680:
4668:
4664:
4651:
4650:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4593:
4570:
4569:
4562:
4552:
4550:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4423:
4374:social security
4330:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4267:
4265:
4255:
4243:
4232:
4222:
4208:
4197:
4188:
4181:
4172:
4161:
4152:
3882:
3797:
3751:
3705:
3620:
3618:Able Leadership
3369:
3245:
3199:
3153:
3107:
1629:
1625:Regional ballot
1622:National ballot
1543:
1532:
1504:
1498:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1395:Union Buildings
1391:
1383:
1382:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1241:British monarch
1213:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1183:
1172:
1144:Cyril Ramaphosa
1049:serves both as
1025:
996:
992:Other countries
980:
978:
973:
972:
923:
915:
914:
875:
867:
866:
847:Nationality law
843:
839:in South Africa
831:
811:
801:
800:
764:
754:
753:
743:
732:
723:
706:
697:
611:
603:
593:
592:
586:Electoral Court
569:Mahube Molemela
524:
514:
513:
459:
449:
448:
415:Cyril Ramaphosa
405:
395:
394:
385:
361:
357:
348:
293:Judicial branch
248:Current cabinet
217:Cyril Ramaphosa
48:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7375:
7373:
7365:
7364:
7354:
7353:
7347:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7340:Western Sahara
7337:
7320:
7307:
7298:
7284:Canary Islands
7280:
7279:
7277:
7272:
7269:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7260:
7254:
7252:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6962:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6947:
6940:
6932:
6923:
6922:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6802:
6800:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6781:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6753:
6746:
6739:
6731:
6729:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6714:
6707:
6702:
6695:
6687:
6685:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6634:Tenderpreneurs
6631:
6626:
6624:Rainbow nation
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6571:
6569:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6517:
6511:
6506:
6494:
6492:
6481:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6467:
6462:
6456:
6450:
6444:
6438:
6433:
6431:Khanya College
6428:
6423:
6418:
6412:
6406:
6400:
6395:
6389:
6387:
6378:
6377:
6369:
6367:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6345:Pan-Africanism
6342:
6340:Libertarianism
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6291:
6289:
6282:
6274:
6273:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6190:
6183:
6175:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6150:
6149:
6142:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6098:Cape Coloureds
6090:
6089:
6088:
6083:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6003:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5987:heritage sites
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5913:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5874:Slum clearance
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5733:Stock exchange
5730:
5725:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
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5690:Communications
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6379:
6375:
6374:
6368:
6366:
6362:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6350:Non-racialism
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6275:
6267:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6251:Northern Cape
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6231:KwaZulu-Natal
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6196:
6191:
6189:
6184:
6182:
6177:
6176:
6173:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6143:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6074:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5884:Social issues
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5834:Land invasion
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5705:Foreign trade
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5660:
5650:
5647:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5342:Early history
5340:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5300:
5295:
5293:
5288:
5286:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4913:
4904:
4899:
4897:
4892:
4890:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4850:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4735:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4666:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4645:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4549:
4545:
4538:
4535:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4489:Lucas Mangope
4486:
4484:
4483:Freedom Front
4480:
4476:
4475:Lucas Mangope
4472:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4430:
4428:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4350:forced labour
4347:
4343:
4342:right to life
4339:
4328:
4325:
4317:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4275: –
4274:
4270:
4269:Find sources:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4247:This section
4245:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4206:
4202:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4126:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4103:
4100:
4095:
4092:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4057:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3975:Zackie Achmat
3973:
3971:
3970:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1636:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1430:parliamentary
1420:
1416:
1409:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1359:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:In 1948, the
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1207:
1201:
1192:
1191:King George V
1188:
1181:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1134:(1999−2008),
1133:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1096:(DA), led by
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:in 1994, the
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:head of state
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:parliamentary
1038:
1034:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
993:
990:
989:
987:
977:
976:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
919:
918:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
885:National debt
883:
881:
878:
877:
871:
870:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
840:
836:
833:
832:
826:
825:Naledi Pandor
822:
819:
818:
817:
814:
813:
810:
805:
804:
796:
792:
789:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
763:
758:
757:
750:
747:
741:
738:
735:
730:
729:
727:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
704:
703:
701:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
609:
608:
606:
605:
602:
597:
596:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
570:
566:
565:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
554:
551:
547:
544:
543:
542:
539:
535:
532:
531:
530:
529:Chief Justice
527:
526:
523:
518:
517:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
494:
491:
490:
489:
486:
485:
484:
481:
475:
472:
471:
470:
467:
466:
465:
462:
461:
458:
453:
452:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
428:
425:
424:
423:
420:
416:
413:
412:
411:
408:
407:
404:
399:
398:
391:
388:
387:
384:
379:
378:
372:
368:
367:
364:
354:
351:
346:
345:
338:
335:
331:
328:
324:
321:
318:
314:
311:
307:
304:
301:
297:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:
268:
266:Deputy leader
264:
260:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
193:Head of state
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
91:Meeting place
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
37:
30:
27:
19:
7323:Saint Helena
7294:
7198:South Africa
7197:
7188:Sierra Leone
6993:Burkina Faso
6916:
6836:Gupta family
6831:Farm attacks
6783:
6776:
6769:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6572:
6495:
6485:Trade unions
6411:(CONTRALESA)
6370:
6256:Western Cape
6216:Eastern Cape
6201:
5999:Demographics
5947:Homelessness
5917:Architecture
5748:Trade unions
5607:Human rights
5577:Constitution
5564:
5474:Biodiversity
5412:World War II
5382:Zulu Kingdom
5306:South Africa
4844:
4825:
4806:
4752:Bibliography
4739:11 September
4737:. Retrieved
4733:
4724:
4704:
4697:
4689:
4681:
4673:
4665:
4656:
4647:
4635:. Retrieved
4621:
4609:
4601:j.ctv244ssrw
4573:
4551:. Retrieved
4548:The Guardian
4547:
4537:
4525:. Retrieved
4515:
4487:
4460:
4446:
4431:
4424:
4416:
4405:
4401:
4390:
4378:
4335:
4320:
4311:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4268:
4256:Please help
4251:verification
4248:
4220:Human rights
4211:
1597:
1592:
1582:
1579:
1544:
1517:
1512:Johannesburg
1496:Constitution
1478:
1471:
1452:
1427:
1419:Bloemfontein
1342:
1323:
1304:
1296:
1281:
1253:
1214:
1149:
1126:
1104:(MK Party),
1079:
1030:
880:Human rights
728:Referendums
546:Mandisa Maya
493:Thoko Didiza
383:Constitution
362:South Africa
356:
347:
320:Mandisa Maya
165:Thoko Didiza
64:Constitution
26:
7250:recognition
7203:South Sudan
7093:Ivory Coast
6901:Third Force
6891:Shack fires
6728:periodicals
6209:By province
6103:Cape Malays
5824:Immigration
5675:Agriculture
5496:Earthquakes
5377:Cape Colony
5357:Kaditshwene
5228:Referendums
4803:Habib, Adam
4397:mob justice
4395:action and
4090:Total votes
4044:Valid votes
3979:Independent
3883: [
3798: [
3752: [
3706: [
3621: [
3370: [
3246: [
3200: [
3154: [
3108: [
2137:Rise Mzansi
1598:During the
1446:, and of a
1332:(ANC), the
1217:Cape Colony
1166:" in 2022.
1132:Thabo Mbeki
1063:lower house
862:Visa policy
567:President:
505:John Hlophe
469:Chairperson
457:Legislature
439:Departments
359:Politics of
337:Xola Mpetse
333:Chief judge
316:Chief judge
145:Lower house
106:Upper house
53:Polity type
7305:(Portugal)
7263:Somaliland
7183:Seychelles
7148:Mozambique
7133:Mauritania
7118:Madagascar
7073:The Gambia
7008:Cape Verde
6664:Xenophobia
6604:Corruption
6355:Trotskyism
6335:Liberalism
6325:Federalism
6288:Ideologies
6246:North West
6241:Mpumalanga
6221:Free State
6081:Afrikaners
6069:San people
5952:Literature
5899:Xenophobia
5819:Healthcare
5799:Disability
5722:(currency)
5627:Parliament
5602:Government
5587:Corruption
5422:Border War
5257:See also:
4507:References
4427:bantustans
4314:March 2022
4284:newspapers
4224:See also:
4124:27,782,081
4116:27,782,081
4101:15,971,495
4093:16,290,156
4055:15,814,661
4047:16,076,719
4020:15,814,661
4008:16,076,719
2264:Al Jama-ah
1352:Government
1292:Afrikaners
1140:Jacob Zuma
900:Repression
702:Municipal
576:High Court
284:Ministries
197:government
85:Parliament
7138:Mauritius
6896:Terrorism
6826:e-tolling
6821:Elections
6750:ANC Today
6726:Books and
6639:Toyi-toyi
6426:Keep Left
6393:AfriForum
6383:political
6305:Anarchism
6280:movements
6278:Political
6093:Coloureds
5839:Languages
5804:Education
5753:Transport
5685:Companies
5637:President
5592:Elections
5541:Provinces
5501:Estuaries
5491:Districts
5462:Geography
5417:Apartheid
4393:vigilante
4370:education
1825:1,556,965
1808:1,529,961
1781:2,237,877
1769:2,344,309
1737:3,439,272
1720:3,505,735
1688:6,231,519
1671:6,459,683
1492:Appeals.
1379:Cape Town
1300:Bantustan
1288:apartheid
1225:Transvaal
1156:apartheid
1082:apartheid
1075:provinces
774:Districts
769:Provinces
601:Elections
534:Ray Zondo
522:Judiciary
410:President
403:Executive
279:President
276:Appointer
261:President
223:Appointer
213:Currently
207:President
175:Appointer
136:Appointer
99:Cape Town
7356:Category
7329: /
7325: /
7318:(France)
7312: /
7290: /
7286: /
7238:Zimbabwe
7213:Tanzania
7063:Ethiopia
7058:Eswatini
7038:Djibouti
7003:Cameroon
6988:Botswana
6918:Category
6881:Protests
6841:HIV/AIDS
6629:Renaming
6516:(PASSOP)
6330:Feminism
6310:Anti-war
6155:Category
6064:Khoekhoe
5942:HIV/AIDS
5864:Religion
5829:Intersex
5809:Feminism
5789:Cannabis
5738:Taxation
5642:timeline
5622:Military
5565:Politics
5551:Wildlife
5448:Military
5436:By topic
5372:Ndwandwe
5330:Timeline
5310:articles
4805:(2013).
4628:Archived
4461:General
4452:Transkei
4437:Kwa-Zulu
4382:HIV/AIDS
4358:religion
4136:Source:
3795:Citizans
2000:ActionSA
1457:and the
1436:republic
1399:Pretoria
1311:De Klerk
1227:and the
1223:Colony,
910:Taxation
895:Protests
852:Passport
821:Minister
607:General
56:Unitary
7314:Réunion
7310:Mayotte
7301:Madeira
7296:(Spain)
7292:Melilla
7223:Tunisia
7193:Somalia
7178:Senegal
7163:Nigeria
7153:Namibia
7143:Morocco
7108:Liberia
7103:Lesotho
7053:Eritrea
7023:Comoros
6998:Burundi
6973:Algeria
6861:Lindela
6743:Amandla
6684:Slogans
6461:(SASCO)
6455:(SALSA)
6449:(PAGAD)
6417:(COSAS)
6236:Limpopo
6226:Gauteng
6139:Outline
6120:Chinese
6115:Indians
6108:Griquas
6086:British
6059:Khoisan
6012:Ndebele
5932:Cuisine
5909:Culture
5879:Smoking
5854:Poverty
5777:Society
5743:Tourism
5680:Banking
5663:Economy
5511:Islands
5506:Forests
5479:Climate
5443:Economy
5318:History
5194:1995–96
4637:22 July
4553:14 June
4346:privacy
4298:scholar
4078:156,834
4070:213,437
3977: (
2489:Hope4SA
2016:219,477
2004:192,373
1972:234,477
1955:218,850
1923:345,880
1906:330,425
1874:688,570
1857:618,207
1170:Context
1065:of the
1053:and as
1037:unitary
488:Speaker
434:Cabinet
232:Cabinet
7333:
7316:
7303:
7233:Zambia
7228:Uganda
7168:Rwanda
7123:Malawi
7083:Guinea
6978:Angola
6644:Ubuntu
6599:Azania
6472:(ZACF)
6443:(LGEP)
6381:Other
6160:Portal
6076:Whites
6037:Tswana
6032:Tsonga
5977:Sports
5927:Cinema
5859:Racism
5814:Health
5700:Energy
5582:Courts
5546:Rivers
5308:
4851:
4832:
4813:
4712:
4676:, 2011
4599:
4589:
4527:30 May
4493:Tswana
4352:; and
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4271:
4104:100.00
4096:100.00
4023:100.00
4011:100.00
3986:10,568
3841:Xiluva
3082:11,217
3021:10,904
2972:11,077
2945:12,651
2933:11,108
2901:14,693
2884:13,195
2852:16,768
2835:14,177
2796:16,306
2757:18,354
2725:18,741
2708:19,048
2676:22,726
2659:19,397
2610:19,900
2583:18,907
2571:20,003
2544:18,393
2532:22,055
2505:16,872
2493:27,206
2461:36,103
2444:29,501
2417:32,185
2405:35,679
2373:40,788
2356:36,716
2329:47,178
2317:37,422
2285:53,337
2268:39,067
2236:66,831
2219:63,554
2192:69,020
2180:65,912
2153:70,142
2141:67,975
2109:85,618
2092:78,448
2060:93,581
2043:96,575
1569:, and
1239:. The
1045:. The
553:Courts
258:Leader
7288:Ceuta
7208:Sudan
7158:Niger
7113:Libya
7098:Kenya
7078:Ghana
7068:Gabon
7043:Egypt
6983:Benin
6811:Crime
6799:Other
6405:(AWB)
6146:Index
6047:Xhosa
6042:Venda
6027:Swazi
6022:Sotho
5962:Music
5957:Media
5894:Women
5794:Crime
5720:Rand
5516:Lakes
5335:Years
4631:(PDF)
4618:(PDF)
4597:JSTOR
4406:Some
4366:water
4305:JSTOR
4291:books
4127:57.49
4119:58.64
4058:99.02
4050:98.69
4005:Total
3947:2,276
3930:1,992
3903:1,550
3891:2,141
3887:]
3857:1,167
3845:2,592
3818:4,084
3806:2,992
3802:]
3772:2,565
3760:3,371
3756:]
3726:1,644
3714:3,693
3710:]
3680:4,206
3668:3,834
3641:3,161
3629:3,867
3625:]
3595:4,200
3583:4,601
3556:7,645
3544:4,796
3517:4,869
3505:5,016
3473:4,617
3456:5,107
3429:6,457
3417:5,241
3390:7,115
3378:5,408
3374:]
3344:3,552
3332:5,531
3305:7,045
3293:5,539
3266:7,016
3254:6,629
3250:]
3220:3,195
3208:6,685
3204:]
3174:1,115
3162:7,424
3158:]
3128:4,600
3116:7,802
3112:]
3070:9,336
3038:7,022
2989:7,444
2808:3,579
2627:3,833
1784:14.15
1772:14.58
1740:21.75
1723:21.81
1691:39.40
1682:17.32
1674:40.18
1659:Seats
1650:Votes
1647:Seats
1638:Votes
1630:seats
1628:Total
1619:Party
1221:Natal
1189:with
1061:(the
1035:is a
203:Title
7218:Togo
7128:Mali
7018:Chad
6757:Biko
6573:see
6496:see
6371:see
6052:Zulu
6017:Pedi
5936:wine
5844:LGBT
5245:1992
5240:1983
5235:1960
5219:2021
5214:2016
5209:2011
5204:2006
5199:2000
5176:2024
5171:2019
5166:2014
5161:2009
5156:2004
5151:1999
5146:1994
5141:1981
5136:1974
5131:1970
5126:1965
5121:1959
5116:1954
5111:1949
5106:1943
5101:1936
5096:1935
5091:1917
5086:1910
5068:2024
5063:2019
5058:2014
5053:2009
5048:2004
5043:1999
5038:1994
5033:1989
5028:1987
5023:1984
5018:1981
5013:1977
5008:1974
5003:1970
4998:1966
4993:1961
4988:1958
4983:1953
4978:1948
4973:1943
4968:1938
4963:1933
4958:1929
4953:1924
4948:1921
4943:1920
4938:1915
4933:1910
4849:ISBN
4830:ISBN
4811:ISBN
4741:2016
4710:ISBN
4639:2024
4587:ISBN
4555:2024
4529:2024
4277:news
4228:and
4199:The
4183:The
4163:The
4081:0.98
4073:1.31
3989:0.07
3950:0.01
3941:0.00
3933:0.01
3906:0.01
3894:0.01
3860:0.01
3848:0.02
3821:0.03
3809:0.02
3775:0.02
3763:0.02
3729:0.01
3717:0.02
3683:0.03
3671:0.02
3644:0.02
3632:0.02
3598:0.03
3586:0.03
3559:0.05
3547:0.03
3520:0.03
3508:0.03
3476:0.03
3467:0.00
3459:0.03
3432:0.04
3420:0.03
3393:0.04
3381:0.03
3347:0.02
3335:0.03
3308:0.04
3296:0.03
3269:0.04
3257:0.04
3223:0.02
3211:0.04
3177:0.01
3165:0.05
3131:0.03
3119:0.05
3085:0.07
3073:0.06
3041:0.04
3032:0.01
3024:0.07
2992:0.05
2983:0.03
2975:0.07
2948:0.08
2936:0.07
2904:0.09
2895:0.03
2887:0.08
2855:0.11
2846:0.18
2838:0.09
2811:0.02
2799:0.10
2772:0.00
2760:0.11
2728:0.12
2719:0.05
2711:0.12
2679:0.14
2670:0.23
2662:0.12
2630:0.02
2621:0.16
2613:0.12
2586:0.12
2574:0.12
2547:0.12
2535:0.14
2508:0.11
2496:0.17
2464:0.23
2455:0.22
2447:0.18
2440:Good
2420:0.20
2408:0.22
2376:0.26
2367:0.04
2359:0.23
2332:0.30
2320:0.23
2288:0.34
2279:0.06
2271:0.24
2239:0.42
2230:0.04
2222:0.40
2195:0.44
2183:0.41
2156:0.44
2144:0.42
2112:0.54
2103:0.04
2095:0.49
2063:0.59
2054:0.24
2046:0.60
2019:1.39
2007:1.20
1975:1.48
1966:1.02
1958:1.36
1926:2.19
1917:2.02
1909:2.06
1877:4.35
1868:0.47
1860:3.85
1828:9.85
1819:1.28
1811:9.52
1731:1.04
1583:The
1571:2024
1567:2019
1563:2014
1559:2009
1555:2004
1551:1999
1547:1994
1393:The
1373:The
1324:The
1305:The
1031:The
795:list
740:1992
737:1983
734:1960
720:2021
717:2016
714:2011
711:2006
708:2000
694:2024
691:2019
688:2014
685:2009
682:2004
679:1999
676:1994
673:1989
670:1987
667:1984
664:1981
661:1977
658:1974
655:1970
652:1966
649:1961
646:1958
643:1953
640:1948
637:1943
634:1938
631:1933
628:1929
625:1924
622:1921
619:1920
616:1915
613:1910
299:Name
238:Name
195:and
151:Name
112:Name
81:Name
6567:Law
6487:and
5922:Art
5612:Law
4579:doi
4260:by
4142:IOL
4032:400
4029:200
4017:200
4000:New
3918:New
3897:New
3872:New
3851:New
3833:New
3812:New
3787:New
3766:New
3741:New
3720:New
3695:New
3674:New
3656:New
3635:New
3610:New
3589:New
3571:New
3550:New
3532:New
3511:New
3444:New
3423:New
3405:New
3384:New
3359:New
3338:New
3320:New
3299:New
3281:New
3260:New
3235:New
3214:New
3189:New
3168:New
3143:New
3122:New
3097:New
3076:New
2960:New
2939:New
2823:New
2802:New
2784:New
2769:348
2763:New
2598:New
2577:New
2559:New
2538:New
2520:New
2499:New
2432:New
2411:New
2344:New
2323:New
2207:New
2186:New
2168:New
2147:New
2031:New
2010:New
1796:New
1775:New
1700:159
1656:+/–
1644:+/–
1633:+/–
1122:ANC
7358::
4732:.
4688:,
4655:.
4620:.
4595:.
4585:.
4563:^
4546:.
4503:.
4368:,
4364:,
4356:,
4344:,
4140:,
3885:af
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