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individual and socially motivated, can be represented by such models as a series of nodes and connections that represent real relationships. Borrowing from social network analysis, each node is an innovator, an adopter, or a potential adopter. Potential adopters have a threshold, which is a fraction of his neighbors who adopt the innovation that must be reached before he will adopt. Over time, each potential adopter views his neighbors and decides whether he should adopt based on the technologies they are using. When the effect of each individual node is analyzed along with its influence over the entire network, the expected level of adoption was seen to depend on the number of initial adopters and the network's structure and properties. Two factors emerge as important to successful spread of the innovation: the number of connections of nodes with their neighbors and the presence of a high degree of common connections in the network (quantified by the
1058:, individual-blame bias, recall problem, and issues of equality. The pro-innovation bias, in particular, implies that all innovation is positive and that all innovations should be adopted. Cultural traditions and beliefs can be consumed by another culture's through diffusion, which can impose significant costs on a group of people. The one-way information flow, from sender to receiver, is another weakness of this theory. The message sender has a goal to persuade the receiver, and there is little to no reverse flow. The person implementing the change controls the direction and outcome of the campaign. In some cases, this is the best approach, but other cases require a more participatory approach. In complex environments where the adopter is receiving information from many sources and is returning feedback to the sender, a one-way model is insufficient and multiple communication flows need to be examined.
785:. Using their definition, Rogers defines homophily as "the degree to which pairs of individuals who interact are similar in certain attributes, such as beliefs, education, social status, and the like". When given the choice, individuals usually choose to interact with someone similar to themselves. Homophilous individuals engage in more effective communication because their similarities lead to greater knowledge gain as well as attitude or behavior change. As a result, homophilous people tend to promote diffusion among each other. However, diffusion requires a certain degree of heterophily to introduce new ideas into a relationship; if two individuals are identical, no diffusion occurs because there is no new information to exchange. Therefore, an ideal situation would involve potential adopters who are homophilous in every way, except in knowledge of the innovation.
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ability), innovation-system fit (compatibility), and assessment of implications (observability). Organizations can feel pressured by a tension for change. If the organization's situation is untenable, it will be motivated to adopt an innovation to change its fortunes. This tension often plays out among its individual members. Innovations that match the organization's pre-existing system require fewer coincidental changes and are easy to assess and more likely to be adopted. The wider environment of the organization, often an industry, community, or economy, exerts pressures on the organization, too. Where an innovation is diffusing through the organization's environment for any reason, the organization is more likely to adopt it. Innovations that are intentionally spread, including by political mandate or directive, are also likely to diffuse quickly.
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traits, have a large impact on a potential adopter's likelihood to adopt an innovation. Unsurprisingly, potential adopters who are motivated to adopt an innovation are likely to make the adjustments needed to adopt it. Motivation can be impacted by the meaning that an innovation holds; innovations can have symbolic value that encourage (or discourage) adoption. First proposed by Ryan and Gross (1943), the overall connectedness of a potential adopter to the broad community represented by a city. Potential adopters who frequent metropolitan areas are more likely to adopt an innovation. Finally, potential adopters who have the power or agency to create change, particularly in organizations, are more likely to adopt an innovation than someone with less power over his choices.
856:. The book argued that the widespread adoption of computer networks of individuals would lead to much better diffusion of innovations, with greater understanding of their possible shortcomings and the identification of needed innovations that would not have otherwise occurred. The social model proposed by Ryan and Gross is expanded by Valente who uses social networks as a basis for adopter categorization instead of solely relying on the system-level analysis used by Ryan and Gross. Valente also looks at an individual's personal network, which is a different application than the organizational perspective espoused by many other scholars.
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the hierarchy having most influence over other members in the same level, and on those in the next level below it. The lowest levels were generally larger in numbers and tended to coincide with various demographic attributes that might be targeted by mass advertising. However, it found that direct word of mouth and example were far more influential than broadcast messages, which were only effective if they reinforced the direct influences. This led to the conclusion that advertising was best targeted, if possible, on those next in line to adopt, and not on those not yet reached by the chain of influence.
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are less risky are easier to adopt as the potential loss from failed integration is lower. Innovations that are disruptive to routine tasks, even when they bring a large relative advantage, might not be adopted because of added instability. Likewise, innovations that make tasks easier are likely to be adopted. Closely related to relative complexity, knowledge requirements are the ability barrier to use presented by the difficulty to use the innovation. Even when there are high knowledge requirements, support from prior adopters or other sources can increase the chances for adoption.
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positions of power within an organization. Unlike the optional innovation decision process, these decision processes only occur within an organization or hierarchical group. Research indicated that, with proper initial screening procedures, even simple behavioral model can serve as a good predictor for technology adoption in many commercial organizations. Within an organization certain individuals are termed "champions" who stand behind an innovation and break through opposition. The champion plays a very similar role as the champion used within the efficiency business model
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teach them to boil water, burn their garbage, install latrines and report cases of illness to local health agencies. In Los
Molinos, a stigma was linked to boiled water as something that only the "unwell" consumed, and thus, the idea of healthy residents boiling water prior to consumption was frowned upon. The two-year educational campaign was considered to be largely unsuccessful. This failure exemplified the importance of the roles of the communication channels that are involved in such a campaign for social change. An examination of diffusion in
552:) and interpersonal, confirmation the group has made the right decision. This stage allows the adopter to seek reassurance that the decision and implementation are beneficial. Adopters typically experience cognitive dissonance without this final confirmation. Dissonance could be heightened by negative information about the innovation, and if dissonance is not relieved, the innovation may be discounted to restore balance. Change agents help adopters in this stage feel comfortable with their decision.
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evaluation, trial, and adoption are integral to this theory. An individual might reject an innovation at any time during or after the adoption process. Abrahamson examined this process critically by posing questions such as: How do technically inefficient innovations diffuse and what impedes technically efficient innovations from catching on? Abrahamson makes suggestions for how organizational scientists can more comprehensively evaluate the spread of innovations. In later editions of
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Midwest agricultural colleges led to the adoption of harder tomatoes (disliked by consumers) and the loss of thousands of jobs leading to the collapse of thousands of small farmers. In another example, the adoption of snowmobiles in Saami reindeer herding culture is found to lead to the collapse of their society with widespread alcoholism and unemployment for the herders, ill-health for the reindeer (such as stress ulcers, miscarriages) and a huge increase in inequality.
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encourage good health. This presents a critical challenge for health communications, as ties between heterophilous people are relatively weaker, harder to create, and harder to maintain. Developing heterophilous ties to unhealthy communities can increase the effectiveness of the diffusion of good health behaviors. Once one previously homophilous tie adopts the behavior or innovation, the other members of that group are more likely to adopt it, too.
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An example would be the need to buy a new kind of pesticide to use innovative seeds. Indirect costs may also be social, such as social conflict caused by innovation. Marketers are particularly interested in the diffusion process as it determines the success or failure of a new product. It is quite important for a marketer to understand the diffusion process so as to ensure proper management of the spread of a new product or service.
987:. Roger's diffusion model concludes that the popularity of a new product will grow with time to a saturation level and then decline, but it cannot predict how much time it will take and what the saturation level will be. Bass (1969) and many other researchers proposed modeling the diffusion based on parametric formulas to fill this gap and to provide a means for a quantitative forecast of adoption timing and levels. The
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1026:). The interactions that link these individuals are represented by the edges of the network and can be based on the probability or strength of social connections. In the dynamics of such models, each node is assigned a current state, indicating whether or not the individual has adopted the innovation, and model equations describe the evolution of these states over time.
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a failed diffusion might be widely adopted within certain clusters but fail to make an impact on more distantly related people. Networks that are over-connected might suffer from a rigidity that prevents the changes an innovation might bring, as well. Sometimes, some innovations also fail as a result of lack of local involvement and community participation.
467:) can be used to complement the diffusion framework and reveal further details, these models are not directly applicable to organizational decisions. However, research suggested that simple behavioral models can still be used as a good predictor of organizational technology adoption when proper initial screening procedures are introduced.
676:, early majority, late majority and laggards. In addition to the gatekeepers and opinion leaders who exist within a given community, change agents may come from outside the community. Change agents bring innovations to new communities – first through the gatekeepers, then through the opinion leaders, and so on through the community.
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local politicians' learning of successes and failures elsewhere and outside mandates made by global financial organizations. As a group of countries succeed with a set of policies, others follow, as exemplified by the deregulation and liberalization across the developing world after the successes of the
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The diffusion of innovations theory has been used to conduct research on the unintended consequences of new interventions in public health. In the book multiple examples of the unintended negative consequences of technological diffusion are given. The adoption of automatic tomato pickers developed by
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Both positive and negative outcomes are possible when an individual or organization chooses to adopt a particular innovation. Rogers states that this area needs further research because of the biased positive attitude that is associated with innovation. Rogers lists three categories for consequences:
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They adopt an innovation after the average participant. These individuals approach an innovation with a high degree of skepticism and after the majority of society has adopted the innovation. Late
Majority are typically skeptical about an innovation, have below average social status, little financial
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Studies also identify other characteristics of innovations, but these are not as common as the ones that Rogers lists above. The fuzziness of the boundaries of the innovation can impact its adoption. Specifically, innovations with a small core and large periphery are easier to adopt. Innovations that
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These qualities interact and are judged as a whole. For example, an innovation might be extremely complex, reducing its likelihood to be adopted and diffused, but it might be very compatible with a large advantage relative to current tools. Even with this high learning curve, potential adopters might
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Benefits of an innovation obviously are the positive consequences, while the costs are the negative. Costs may be monetary or nonmonetary, direct or indirect. Direct costs are usually related to financial uncertainty and the economic state of the actor. Indirect costs are more difficult to identify.
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finds that the hierarchy of influence for innovations need not, and likely does not, coincide with hierarchies of official, political, or economic status. Elites are often not innovators, and innovations may have to be introduced by outsiders and propagated up a hierarchy to the top decision makers.
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Research was done in the early 1950s at the
University of Chicago attempting to assess the cost-effectiveness of broadcast advertising on the diffusion of new products and services. The findings were that opinion leadership tended to be organized into a hierarchy within a society, with each level in
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Failed diffusion does not mean that the technology was adopted by no one. Rather, failed diffusion often refers to diffusion that does not reach or approach 100% adoption due to its own weaknesses, competition from other innovations, or simply a lack of awareness. From a social networks perspective,
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Public consequences comprise the impact of an innovation on those other than the actor, while private consequences refer to the impact on the actor. Public consequences usually involve collective actors, such as countries, states, organizations or social movements. The results are usually concerned
894:. Specifically, policy transfer can be defined as "knowledge about how policies administrative arrangements, institutions, and ideas in one political setting (past or present) is used in the development of policies, administrative arrangements, institutions, and ideas in another political setting".
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Organizations face more complex adoption possibilities because organizations are both the aggregate of its individuals and its own system with a set of procedures and norms. Three organizational characteristics match well with the individual characteristics above: tension for change (motivation and
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Like innovations, adopters have been determined to have traits that affect their likelihood to adopt an innovation. A bevy of individual personality traits have been explored for their impacts on adoption, but with little agreement. Ability and motivation, which vary on situation unlike personality
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The passage of time is necessary for innovations to be adopted; they are rarely adopted instantaneously. In fact, in the Ryan and Gross (1943) study on hybrid corn adoption, adoption occurred over more than ten years, and most farmers only dedicated a fraction on their fields to the new corn in the
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Innovations are often adopted by organizations through two types of innovation-decisions: collective innovation decisions and authority innovation decisions. The collective decision occurs when adoption is by consensus. The authority decision occurs by adoption among very few individuals with high
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Innovators are willing to take risks, have the highest social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Their risk tolerance allows them to adopt technologies that may ultimately fail. Financial resources help
198:, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Diffusion manifests itself in different ways and is highly subject to the type of adopters and innovation-decision process. The criterion for the adopter categorization is innovativeness, defined as the degree to which an individual adopts a new idea.
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creation is transmitted by country and sector channels. At the local level, examining popular city-level policies make it easy to find patterns in diffusion through measuring public awareness. At the international level, economic policies have been thought to transfer among countries according to
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For example, Rogers discussed a situation in Peru involving the implementation of boiling drinking water to improve health and wellness levels in the village of Los
Molinos. The residents had no knowledge of the link between sanitation and illness. The campaign worked with the villagers to try to
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Diffusion of existing technologies has been measured using "S curves". These technologies include radio, television, VCR, cable, flush toilet, clothes washer, refrigerator, home ownership, air conditioning, dishwasher, electrified households, telephone, cordless phone, cellular phone, per capita
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Diffusion of
Innovations has been applied beyond its original domains. In the case of political science and administration, policy diffusion focuses on how institutional innovations are adopted by other institutions, at the local, state, or country level. An alternative term is 'policy transfer'
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determined that there can be more than one social network at play as innovations are communicated. One network carries information and the other carries influence. While people might hear of an innovation's uses, in Rogers' Los
Molinos sanitation case, a network of influence and status prevented
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Opinion leaders have the most influence during the evaluation stage of the innovation-decision process and on late adopters. In addition opinion leaders typically have greater exposure to the mass media, more cosmopolitan, greater contact with change agents, more social experience and exposure,
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They are the last to adopt an innovation. Unlike some of the previous categories, individuals in this category show little to no opinion leadership. These individuals typically have an aversion to change-agents. Laggards typically tend to be focused on "traditions", lowest social status, lowest
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Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process. It occurs through a series of communication channels over a period of time among the members of a similar social system. Ryan and Gross first identified adoption as a process in 1943. Rogers' five stages (steps): awareness, interest,
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Even though there have been more than four thousand articles across many disciplines published on
Diffusion of Innovations, with a vast majority written after Rogers created a systematic theory, there have been few widely adopted changes to the theory. Although each study applies the theory in
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The rate of adoption is defined as the relative speed at which participants adopt an innovation. Rate is usually measured by the length of time required for a certain percentage of the members of a social system to adopt an innovation. The rates of adoption for innovations are determined by an
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In threshold models, the uptake of technologies is determined by the balance of two factors: the (perceived) usefulness (sometimes called utility) of the innovation to the individual as well as barriers to adoption, such as cost. The multiple parameters that influence decisions to adopt, both
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Promotion of healthy behavior provides an example of the balance required of homophily and heterophily. People tend to be close to others of similar health status. As a result, people with unhealthy behaviors like smoking and obesity are less likely to encounter information and behaviors that
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among the adopter categories. Early adopters have a higher social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late adopters. They are more discreet in adoption choices than innovators. They use judicious choice of adoption to help them maintain a central
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The individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of using the innovation and decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Due to the individualistic nature of this stage, Rogers notes that it is the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical
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in the midwestern United States in the 1920s and 1930s. Agriculture technology was advancing rapidly, and researchers started to examine how independent farmers were adopting hybrid seeds, equipment, and techniques. A study of the adoption of hybrid corn seed in Iowa by Ryan and Gross (1943)
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Peres, Muller and
Mahajan suggested that diffusion is "the process of the market penetration of new products and services that is driven by social influences, which include all interdependencies among consumers that affect various market players with or without their explicit knowledge".
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Diffusion is difficult to quantify because humans and human networks are complex. It is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to measure what exactly causes adoption of an innovation. This variety of variables has also led to inconsistent results in research, reducing heuristic value.
274:, with a particularly large impact on the use of medicines, medical techniques, and health communications. In organizational studies, its basic epidemiological or internal-influence form was formulated by H. Earl Pemberton, such as postage stamps and standardized school ethics codes.
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focuses on the first two (Introduction and Growth). Some of the Bass-Model extensions present mathematical models for the last two (Maturity and
Decline). MS-Excel or other tools can be used to solve the Bass model equations, and other diffusion models equations, numerically.
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also identifies a significant overlap between the ANT concepts and the diffusion of innovation which examine the characteristics of innovation and its context among various interested parties within a social system to assemble a network or system which implements innovation.
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with issues of societal well-being. Private consequences usually involve individuals or small collective entities, such as a community. The innovations are usually concerned with the improvement of quality of life or the reform of organizational or social structures.
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Diffusion, by definition, takes place among people or organizations. Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other. Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum for diffusion to occur.
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The first interests with regards to policy diffusion were focused in time variation or state lottery adoption, but more recently interest has shifted towards mechanisms (emulation, learning and coercion) or in channels of diffusion where researchers find that
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and creating an instinctive desire for a specific innovation. Another strategy includes injecting an innovation into a group of individuals who would readily use said technology, as well as providing positive reactions and benefits for early adopters.
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and Rogers' later books are among the most often cited in diffusion research. His methodologies are closely followed in recent diffusion research, even as the field has expanded into, and been influenced by, other methodological disciplines such as
309:. Rogers applied it to the healthcare setting to address issues with hygiene, cancer prevention, family planning, and drunk driving. Using his synthesis, Rogers produced a theory of the adoption of innovations among individuals and organizations.
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Innovation is a broad category, relative to the current knowledge of the analyzed unit. Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption could be considered an innovation available for study.
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Studies have explored many characteristics of innovations. Meta-reviews have identified several characteristics that are common among most studies. These are in line with the characteristics that Rogers initially cited in his reviews.
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They adopt an innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators and early adopters. Early
Majority have above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom hold positions of
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solidified the prior work on diffusion into a distinct paradigm that would be cited consistently in the future. Since its start in rural sociology, Diffusion of Innovations has been applied to numerous contexts, including
907:. The reintroduction of regulations in the early 2000s also shows this learning process, which would fit under the stages of knowledge and decision, can be seen as lessons learned by following China's successful growth.
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Adoption is an individual process detailing the series of stages one undergoes from first hearing about a product to finally adopting it. Diffusion signifies a group phenomenon, which suggests how an innovation spreads.
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The individual employs the innovation to a varying degree depending on the situation. During this stage the individual also determines the usefulness of the innovation and may search for further information about it.
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Carroll, N. (2014). Actor-Network Theory: A Bureaucratic View of Public Service Innovation, Chapter 7, Technological Advancements and the Impact of Actor-Network Theory, pp. 115-144, Publisher IGI Global, Hershey,
493:, Rogers changes his terminology of the five stages to: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. However, the descriptions of the categories have remained similar throughout the editions.
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theorized that this point lies at the boundary between the early adopters and the early majority. This gap between niche appeal and mass (self-sustained) adoption was originally labeled "the marketing chasm".
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The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about the innovation. During this stage the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.
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Adopters are the minimal unit of analysis. In most studies, adopters are individuals, but can also be organizations (businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries.
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models can also be used to investigate the spread of innovations among individuals connected to each other by a network of peer-to-peer influences, such as in a physical community or neighborhood.
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Eveland evaluated diffusion from a phenomenological view, stating, "Technology is information, and exists only to the degree that people can put it into practice and use it to achieve values".
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is communicated through certain channels over time among the participants in a social system. The origins of the diffusion of innovations theory are varied and span multiple disciplines.
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Ferlie, E; Gabbay, L; Fitzgerald, L; Locock, L; Dopson, S (2001). "Organisational Behaviour and Organisational Studies in Health Care: Reflections on the Future". In Ashburner, L (ed.).
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Recent research by Wear shows, that particularly in regional and rural areas, significantly more innovation takes place in communities which have stronger inter-personal networks.
1629:; Robert, G.; Macfarlane, F.; Bate, P.; Kyriakidou, O.; Peacock, R. (2005). "Storylines of Research in Diffusion of Innovation: A Meta-narrative Approach to Systematic Review".
668:, Rogers suggests a total of five categories of adopters in order to standardize the usage of adopter categories in diffusion research. The adoption of an innovation follows an
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Exworthy, M; Berney, L; Powell, M (2003). "How Great Expectations in Westminster May Be Dashed Locally: The Local Implementation of National Policy on Health Inequalities".
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individual's adopter category. In general, individuals who first adopt an innovation require a shorter adoption period (adoption process) when compared to late adopters.
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Nasrinpour, Hamid Reza; Friesen, Marcia R.; McLeod, Robert D. (2016-11-22). "An Agent-Based Model of Message Propagation in the Facebook Electronic Social Network".
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Rogers outlines several strategies in order to help an innovation reach this stage, including when an innovation adopted by a highly respected individual within a
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The social system is the combination of external influences (mass media, surfactants, organizational or governmental mandates) and internal influences (
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Giesler, Markus (2012). "How Doppelgänger Brand Images Influence the Market Creation Process: Longitudinal Insights from the Rise of Botox Cosmetic".
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are influential in spreading either positive or negative information about an innovation. Rogers relies on the ideas of Katz & Lazarsfeld and the
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2490:Øvretveit, J; Bate, P; Cleary, P; Cretin, S; Gustafson, D; McInnes, K; McLeod, H; Molfenter, T; Plsek, P; Robert, G; Shortell, S; Wilson, T (2002).
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slightly different ways, critics say this lack of cohesion has left the theory stagnant and difficult to apply with consistency to new problems.
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182:. The innovation must be widely adopted in order to self-sustain. Within the rate of adoption, there is a point at which an innovation reaches
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872:. The process contains five stages that are slightly similar to the innovation-decision process that individuals undertake. These stages are:
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Meyers, P; Sivakumar, K; Nakata, C (1999). "Implementation of Industrial Process Innovations: Factors, Effects, and Marketing Implications".
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Prior to the introduction of the Internet, it was argued that social networks had a crucial role in the diffusion of innovation particularly
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Valente, T.; Rogers, E. (1995). "The Origins and Development of the Diffusion of Innovations Paradigm as an Example of Scientific Growth".
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Denis, JL; Herbert, Y; Langley, A; Lozeau, D; Trottier, LH (2002). "Explaining Diffusion Patterns for Complex Health Care Innovations".
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are often used to investigate this balance between the social aspects of diffusion and perceived intrinsic benefit to the individuals.
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The diffusion of innovations according to Rogers. With successive groups of consumers adopting the new technology (shown in blue), its
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Ghoshal, DS.; Bartlett, C. (1988). "Creation, Adoption and Diffusion of Innovations by Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations".
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387:). There are many roles in a social system, and their combination represents the total influences on a potential adopter.
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Peres, Renana (2010). "Innovation diffusion and new product growth models: A critical review and research directions".
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Burt, R. S. (1973). "The differential impact of social integration on participation in the diffusion of innovations".
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Strang, D.; Soule, Sarah (1998). "Diffusion in Organizations and Social Movements: From Hybrid Corn to Poison Pills".
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The individual finalizes their decision to continue using the innovation. This stage is both intrapersonal (may cause
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289:. Rogers synthesized research from over 508 diffusion studies across the fields that initially influenced the theory:
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Damanpour, F (1996). "Organizational Complexity and Innovation: Developing and Testing Multiple Contingency Models".
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follow a more intuitive process by designing individual-level rules to model the diffusion of ideas and innovations.
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Rogers describes five characteristics that potential adopters evaluate when deciding whether to adopt an innovation:
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Robertson, M; Swan, Jacky; Newell, Sue (1996). "The Role of Networks in the Diffusion of Technological Innovation".
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Stone, Diane (January 2000). "Non-governmental policy transfer: the strategies of independent policy institutes".
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Jordana, J. (2011). "The Global Diffusion of Regulatory Agencies: Channels of Transfer and Stages of Diffusion".
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where the focus is more on the agents of diffusion and the diffusion of policy knowledge, such as in the work of
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Eveland, J. D. (1986). "Diffusion, Technology Transfer, and Implementation: Thinking and Talking About Change".
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Choi, H; Kim, S-H; Lee, J (2010). "Role of Network Structure and Network Effects in Diffusion of Innovations".
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Meyer, AD; Goes, JB (1988). "Organizational Assimilation of Innovations: A multi-Level Contextual Analysis".
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Stone, Diane (February 1999). "Learning lessons and transferring policy across time, space and disciplines".
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airline miles, personal computer and the Internet. These data can act as a predictor for future innovations.
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Observability: Are its benefits noticeable? If someone else is using the innovation, can I see it being used?
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Rogers proposes that five main elements influence the spread of a new idea: the innovation itself, adopters,
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1574:"When conservation goes viral: The diffusion of innovative biodiversity conservation policies and practices"
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Berry, Frances Stokes (1990). "State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis".
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Wejnert, Barbara (August 2002). "Integrating models of diffusion of innovations: a conceptual framework".
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Dobbins, R; Cockerill, R; Barnsley, J (2001). "Factors Affecting the Utilization of Systematic Reviews".
1263:. Lausanne, Switzerland La Vergne, TN: AVA Academia Distributed in the USA by Ingram Publisher Services.
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Radford, Scott K. (2011). "Linking Innovation to Design: Consumer Responses to Visual Product Newness".
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175:
140:(yellow) will eventually reach the saturation level. The blue curve is broken into sections of adopters.
5521:
2946:
Rogers, E; Bhowmik, D (1970). "Homophily-Heterophily: Relational Concepts for Communication Research".
447:(UTAUT) are frequently used to understand individual technology adoption decisions in greater details.
406:
Compatibility: How well does this innovation fit with existing values, patterns of behavior, or tools?
90:
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McPherson, M; Smith-Lovin, L; Cook, JM (2001). "Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks".
2329:
Evidence-Based Medicine and Organisational Change: An Overview of Some Recent Qualitiative Research
1753:
1128:
1055:
1034:). These models are particularly good at showing the impact of opinion leaders relative to others.
251:
5008:
3495:
Way, Christopher (2005). "Political Insecurity and the Diffusion of Financial Market Regulation".
2721:"Network Structure and Innovation Ambiguity Effects on Diffusion in Dynamic Organizational Fields"
6257:
5765:
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4807:
4609:
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The Rise and Fall of Infrastructures: Dynamics of Evolution and Technological Change in Transport
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1001:
809:
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719:
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630:. This is when the number of individual adopters ensures that the innovation is self-sustaining.
384:
380:
4002:
Katz, E; Levin, M; Hamilton, H (1963). "Traditions of Research on the Diffusion of Innovation".
3530:
Meseguer, Covadonga (2005). "Policy Learning, Policy Diffusion, and the Making of a New Order".
2574:
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Management Science and Industrial Engineering
3101:
1815:
748:
financial liquidity, oldest among adopters, and in contact with only family and close friends.
522:
The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.
6277:
5927:
5922:
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5472:
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4529:
4182:
3918:
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3764:
3746:
3659:
3338:"The Globalization of Liberalization: Policy Diffusion in the International Political Economy"
3128:
3031:
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2521:
2472:
2423:
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1307:
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1103:
1083:
984:
978:
904:
899:
306:
239:
3938:
McCullen, N. J. (2013). "Multiparameter Models of Innovation Diffusion on Complex Networks".
6092:
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3574:
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3477:
3432:
3397:
3362:
3302:
3267:
3232:
3161:
3072:
2990:
2973:
Centola, D (2011). "An Experimental Study of Homophily in the Adoption of Health Behavior".
2955:
2918:
2867:
2813:
2778:
2743:
2735:
2677:
2621:
2577:
2548:
2511:
2503:
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2454:
2413:
2405:
2351:
2299:
2291:
2250:
2203:
2160:
2114:
2077:
2069:
2013:
2005:
1962:
1915:
1860:
1807:
1723:
1680:
1640:
1595:
1585:
1510:
1472:
1463:
Kinnunen, J. (1996). "Gabriel Tarde as a Founding Father of Innovation Diffusion Research".
1352:
1239:
1218:
1187:
1078:
669:
255:
226:
3669:
1054:
Rogers placed the contributions and criticisms of diffusion research into four categories:
983:
The diffusion of an innovation typically follows an S-shaped curve which often resembles a
6153:
5855:
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5586:
5526:
5408:
5398:
5328:
5301:
5286:
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4957:
4802:
4780:
4549:
4464:
4449:
3108:
2907:"Birds of a feather flock together - and fall ill? Migrant Homophily and health in Sweden"
2394:"Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organizations: Systematic Review and Recommendations"
2280:"Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organizations: Systematic Review and Recommendations"
2058:"Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organizations: Systematic Review and Recommendations"
1994:"Diffusion of Innovations in Service Organizations: Systematic Review and Recommendations"
1143:
1108:
1035:
1012:
930:
reveal contrasts in the diffusion process of personal technologies versus infrastructure.
849:
294:
271:
234:
218:
17:
3907:
1356:
574:
Based on these considerations, three types of innovation-decisions have been identified.
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2986:
5840:
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5563:
5548:
5531:
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5291:
5172:
5015:
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4651:
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4364:
4324:
4154:
2516:
2491:
2467:
2442:
2418:
2393:
2304:
2279:
2082:
2057:
2018:
1993:
1671:
1666:
1319:
1297:
942:
In contrast Wejnert details two categories: public vs. private and benefits vs. costs.
927:
873:
699:
673:
639:
623:
278:
195:
179:
160:
3882:
3847:
2681:
2255:
2238:
1000:
apply the diffusion of innovations theory to real data problems. In addition to that,
6241:
6148:
6027:
5835:
5809:
5686:
5646:
5611:
5601:
5581:
5323:
5281:
5256:
5204:
5192:
5187:
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4827:
4797:
4735:
4536:
4484:
4479:
4389:
4127:
3613:
3551:
3516:
3481:
3444:
3401:
3388:
Fabrizio Gilardi (July 2010). "Who Learns from What in Policy Diffusion Processes?".
3322:
3279:
3244:
3166:
3149:
3076:
2923:
2906:
2817:
2569:
2409:
2363:
2295:
2118:
2073:
2009:
1927:
1808:
1484:
1251:
1199:
813:
661:
607:
made for the entire social system by individuals in positions of influence or power.
243:
230:
214:
187:
3788:
3409:
3374:
3010:
2790:
2782:
2441:
Gustafson, DH; F Sanfort, M; Eichler, M; ADams, L; Bisognano, M; Steudel, H (2003).
2223:
2180:
1880:
1700:
1644:
1530:
1372:
418:
Simplicity / Complexity: The easier it is to learn or grasp, the faster it diffuses.
6168:
5596:
5445:
5435:
5413:
5343:
5236:
5150:
4787:
4646:
4584:
4319:
3578:
2879:
2134:
939:
desirable vs. undesirable, direct vs. indirect, and anticipated vs. unanticipated.
290:
167:, first published in 1962. Rogers argues that diffusion is the process by which an
137:
1919:
808:
Not all individuals exert an equal amount of influence over others. In this sense
132:
4214:
3236:
3122:
3025:
2871:
1966:
1790:
1397:
1301:
1191:
735:
liquidity, in contact with others in late majority and early majority and little
6163:
5860:
5558:
5467:
5430:
4822:
4519:
4489:
4474:
4339:
4334:
3767:(2011). "Rating Customers According to Their Promptness to Adopt New Products".
3629:"The Greatest Century That Ever Was: 25 Miraculous Trends of the last 100 Years"
3027:
Personal Influence, the Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communications
1514:
891:
782:
765:
412:
Relative advantage: In what way is this innovation better than the alternatives?
222:
211:
32:
3605:
2355:
1476:
672:
when plotted over a length of time. The categories of adopters are innovators,
660:
Rogers defines an adopter category as a classification of individuals within a
5789:
5511:
4755:
4750:
4695:
4359:
4329:
4311:
3988:
3366:
3271:
2207:
1864:
168:
156:
3835:
How does innovation take hold in a community? Math modeling can provide clues
3750:
3543:
3508:
3436:
2552:
2443:"Developing and Testing a Model to Predict Outcomes of Organizational Change"
2392:
Greenhalgh, T.; Robert, G.; Macfarlane, F.; Bate, P.; Kyriakidou, O. (2004).
2278:
Greenhalgh, T.; Robert, G.; Macfarlane, F.; Bate, P.; Kyriakidou, O. (2004).
2056:
Greenhalgh, T.; Robert, G.; Macfarlane, F.; Bate, P.; Kyriakidou, O. (2004).
1992:
Greenhalgh, T.; Robert, G.; Macfarlane, F.; Bate, P.; Kyriakidou, O. (2004).
1684:
1609:
1171:"Transfer agents and global networks in the 'transnationalization' of policy"
5887:
5706:
5276:
5157:
4932:
4399:
4374:
4253:
4068:
2994:
2668:
Fisher, J.C. (1971). "A simple substitution model of technological change".
2626:
2609:
2581:
2458:
1243:
1222:
997:
869:
778:
298:
247:
3891:
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3726:
3002:
2932:
2525:
2476:
2427:
2313:
2264:
2215:
2126:
2091:
2027:
1872:
1692:
1652:
1600:
1522:
4050:
3742:
3111:, by Ulrich Witt, Max-Planck-Institute for Research into Economic Systems.
1311:
5753:
5506:
5140:
5110:
3628:
3220:
2507:
2342:
Eveland, JD (1986). "Diffusion, Technology Transfer and Implementation".
1282:. McGraw-Hill Series in Marketing (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
1113:
2755:
2239:"Adoption of Smart Cards in the Medical Sector: The Canadian Experience"
5425:
4276:
4209:
Diffusion of Innovations, Strategy and Innovations. The D.S.I Framework
4119:
4092:
4023:
3314:
2747:
1735:
1590:
1573:
1364:
481:
3961:
3909:
Networks, Crowds and Markets: Reasoning about a Highly Connected World
3258:
Marsh, D; Sharman, JC (2009). "Policy Diffusion and Policy Transfer".
2172:
1810:
Networks, Crowds and Markets: Reasoning about a Highly Connected World
5720:
4909:
2739:
148:
4084:
4015:
3306:
1727:
816:
theory in developing his ideas on the influence of opinion leaders.
591:
made by an individual who is in some way distinguished from others.
439:
Complementary to the diffusion framework, behavioral models such as
233:. The study of diffusion of innovations took off in the subfield of
3808:
3458:
Shipan, C; Volden, C (2008). "The Mechanisms of Policy Diffusion".
2959:
2570:"Blockchain technology adoption: Examining the Fundamental Drivers"
2164:
854:
The IRG Solution – hierarchical incompetence and how to overcome it
5882:
3952:
3532:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
3497:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
3124:
The IRG Solution: Hierarchical Incompetence and how to Overcome it
1714:
Pemberton, H. Earl (1936). "The Curve of Culture Diffusion Rate".
876:, matching, redefining/restructuring, clarifying and routinizing.
820:
higher socioeconomic status, and are more innovative than others.
777:
Lazarsfeld and Merton first called attention to the principles of
480:
186:. In 1989, management consultants working at the consulting firm
5814:
5065:
152:
5069:
4218:
799:
Christianization of the Roman Empire as diffusion of innovation
567:
Whether the decision is made freely and implemented voluntarily
3823:
What Math Can Tell Us About Technology's Spread Through Cities
1851:
Meyer, G. (2004). "Diffusion Methodology: Time to Innovate?".
26:
2196:
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care
4196:
178:, time, and a social system. This process relies heavily on
6008:
Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
3150:"Social network thresholds in the diffusion of innovations"
1853:
Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives
1551:"The diffusion of hybrid seed corn in two Iowa communities"
4211:
by Francisco Rodrigues Gomes, Academia.edu share research.
3183:"Innovation and community strength in Provincial Victoria"
1544:
1542:
1540:
563:
Two factors determine what type a particular decision is:
459:
Unlike individual decisions where behavioral models (e.g.
3708:
3706:
1621:
1619:
2591:
2589:
1792:
Communication of innovations: a cross-cultural approach
1772:
1770:
1446:
1444:
3848:"A simple model of global cascades on random networks"
2039:
2037:
151:
that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new
6126:
6085:
5972:
5961:
5898:
5823:
5739:
5667:
5572:
5377:
5103:
4908:
4694:
4463:
4398:
4310:
4275:
4252:
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3913:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
3727:"A New Product Growth for Model Consumer Durables"
3102:Economic policy making in evolutionary perspective
1669:(2003). "Disseminate Innovations in Health Care".
445:Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology
1752:. Blogs.worldbank.org. 2009-11-16. Archived from
1750:"institutional diffusion | World Bank Blogs"
1326:(3rd ed.). New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
1306:(1st ed.). New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
1278:Loudon, David L.; Bitta, Albert J. Della (1993).
1018:Such models represent a system of individuals as
217:in late 19th century and by German and Austrian
3852:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2492:"Quality Collaboratives: Lessons from Research"
1672:The Journal of the American Medical Association
409:Trialability: Can you try it before you buy it?
4069:"Conceptual Issues in the Study of Innovation"
3627:Moore, Stephen; Simon, Julian (Dec 15, 1999).
3567:International Journal of Research in Marketing
477:Transtheoretical model § Stages of change
5081:
4230:
4062:
4060:
2146:
2144:
1908:The Journal of International Business Studies
704:These individuals have the highest degree of
8:
4199:, about adopting an innovation in education.
3977:The Journal of Product Innovation Management
2576:, ACM Publication, April 2020, pp. 253–260.
1496:
1494:
1280:Consumer behavior: concepts and applications
664:on the basis of innovativeness. In the book
326:The key elements in diffusion research are:
3658:. Heidelberg and New York: Physica-Verlag.
2670:Technological Forecasting and Social Change
2344:Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization
194:The categories of adopters are innovators,
6043:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5969:
5088:
5074:
5066:
4237:
4223:
4215:
1572:Mascia, Michael B.; Mills, Morena (2018).
6003:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
5993:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
3951:
3940:SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems
3881:
3871:
3807:
3471:
3356:
3165:
2922:
2625:
2564:
2562:
2515:
2466:
2417:
2303:
2254:
2081:
2017:
1599:
1589:
1391:
1389:
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
3190:Australasian Journal of Regional Studies
3065:Journal of Product Innovation Management
844:Electronic communication social networks
678:
576:
495:
328:
131:
6048:Health departments in the United States
3712:
3697:
1814:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
1385:
835:Other research relating the concept to
599:made collectively by all participants.
6053:Council on Education for Public Health
3685:
3206:
3050:
3024:Katz, Elihu; Lazarsfeld, Paul (1970).
2892:
2845:
2706:
2694:
2655:
2595:
2043:
1979:
1940:
1893:
1838:
1776:
1450:
773:Heterophily and communication channels
723:
431:Characteristics of individual adopters
159:spread. The theory was popularized by
129:Theory on how and why new ideas spread
6111:Professional degrees of public health
6018:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
3460:American Journal of Political Science
3390:American Journal of Political Science
3295:The American Political Science Review
1399:Diffusion of Innovations, 5th Edition
626:at some point the innovation reaches
7:
6208:
6101:Bachelor of Science in Public Health
3221:"Transfer and Translation of Policy"
2645:. New York: Free Press. p. 372.
1357:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141051
497:Five stages of the adoption process
381:strong and weak social relationships
281:, a professor of rural sociology at
55:adding citations to reliable sources
6220:
5369:Workers' right to access the toilet
5210:Human right to water and sanitation
4731:Digital media use and mental health
4445:Sociology of the history of science
3336:Simmons, B. A.; Elkins, Z. (2004).
1423:Schirtzinger, Warren (1989-08-22).
4155:10.1111/j.1467-6486.1996.tb00805.x
1806:Easley, D.; Kleinberg, J. (2010).
1789:Rogers, E.; Shoemaker, F. (1971).
1396:Rogers, Everett (16 August 2003).
25:
5642:Commercial determinants of health
4440:Sociology of scientific ignorance
4285:History and philosophy of science
4267:Economics of scientific knowledge
3345:American Political Science Review
3121:Andrews, David (1 January 1984).
2911:Sociology of Health & Illness
2728:The Academy of Management Journal
2496:Quality and Safety in Health Care
1179:Journal of European Public Policy
6219:
6207:
6196:
6195:
5225:National public health institute
5033:
5032:
5007:
4171:
4073:Administrative Science Quarterly
3905:Easley, D; Kleinberg, J (2010).
3482:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00346.x
3402:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00452.x
3077:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00871.x
2924:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01196.x
2410:10.1111/j.0887-378x.2004.00325.x
2296:10.1111/j.0887-378x.2004.00325.x
2119:10.1097/00004010-200207000-00007
2074:10.1111/j.0887-378x.2004.00325.x
2010:10.1111/j.0887-378x.2004.00325.x
1139:Sociological theory of diffusion
1069:Collaborative innovation network
451:Characteristics of organizations
210:was first studied by the French
31:
5622:Open-source healthcare software
5364:Sociology of health and illness
2783:10.1016/j.indmarman.2008.08.006
2771:Industrial Marketing Management
1645:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.001
596:Collective Innovation-Decision
42:needs additional citations for
5983:Caribbean Public Health Agency
5795:Sexually transmitted infection
5692:Statistical hypothesis testing
5453:Occupational safety and health
5354:Sexual and reproductive health
5267:Occupational safety and health
4246:Science and technology studies
3579:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2009.12.012
2610:"Management Fads and Fashions"
604:Authority Innovation-Decision
394:Characteristics of innovations
285:, published his seminal work:
1:
5637:Social determinants of health
4197:The Diffusion Simulation Game
4143:Journal of Management Studies
3425:Comparative Political Studies
2682:10.1016/S0040-1625(71)80005-7
2256:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00388-9
2243:Social Science & Medicine
2237:Aubert, BA; Hamel, G (2001).
2107:Health Care Management Review
1920:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490388
1632:Social Science & Medicine
1169:Stone, Diane (January 2004).
1074:Critical mass (sociodynamics)
964:Intended vis-à-vis Unintended
588:Optional Innovation-Decision
423:adopt the innovation anyway.
5697:Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
5458:Human factors and ergonomics
4793:Normalization process theory
4350:Philosophy of social science
4067:Downs, GW; Mohr, LB (1976).
4004:American Sociological Review
3237:10.1080/01442872.2012.695933
3167:10.1016/0378-8733(95)00256-1
2872:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415
2818:10.1016/0049-089X(73)90015-X
2153:Academy of Management Review
1967:10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.265
1716:American Sociological Review
1549:Ryan, B.; Gross, N. (1943).
1425:"Crossing the Chasm Summary"
1192:10.1080/13501760410001694291
647:Diffusion vis-à-vis adoption
545:Confirmation / Continuation
371:first years after adoption.
5878:Good manufacturing practice
5682:Randomized controlled trial
4205:on diffusion of innovation.
1515:10.1177/1075547095016003002
441:Technology acceptance model
6299:
5948:Theory of planned behavior
5873:Good agricultural practice
5778:Public health surveillance
5670:epidemiological statistics
5314:Public health intervention
4416:construction of technology
3638:(364). The Cato Institute.
3606:10.1177/107554708600800214
3030:. Transaction Publishers.
2860:Annual Review of Sociology
2356:10.1177/107554708600800214
1955:Annual Review of Sociology
1477:10.1177/000169939603900404
1344:Annual Review of Sociology
976:
829:actor-network theory (ANT)
796:
474:
66:"Diffusion of innovations"
18:Policy diffusion processes
6191:
6070:World Toilet Organization
6065:World Health Organization
5632:Public health informatics
5339:Right to rest and leisure
5168:Globalization and disease
5003:
4948:Politicization of science
4184:diffusion of innovations
3989:10.1111/1540-5885.1630295
3367:10.1017/S0003055404001078
3272:10.1080/01442870902863851
2208:10.1017/s0266462300105069
1865:10.1080/10810730490271539
1089:Hierarchical organization
6116:Schools of public health
5908:Diffusion of innovations
5607:Health impact assessment
5319:Public health laboratory
5215:Management of depression
4355:Philosophy of technology
3649:Grübler, Arnulf (1990).
3544:10.1177/0002716204272372
3509:10.1177/0002716204272652
3462:(Submitted manuscript).
3437:10.1177/0010414011407466
3347:(Submitted manuscript).
2948:Public Opinion Quarterly
2833:Diffusion of Innovations
2730:(Submitted manuscript).
2643:Diffusion of Innovations
2553:10.1332/0305573022501584
2447:Health Services Research
2379:Diffusion of Innovations
2331:. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
1685:10.1001/jama.289.15.1969
1324:Diffusion of innovations
1303:Diffusion of innovations
1182:(Submitted manuscript).
1149:Technological revolution
994:Mathematical programming
955:Benefits vis-à-vis costs
946:Public vis-à-vis private
934:Consequences of adoption
880:Extensions of the theory
709:communication position.
666:Diffusion of Innovations
311:Diffusion of Innovations
287:Diffusion of Innovations
165:Diffusion of Innovations
145:Diffusion of innovations
6179:Social hygiene movement
6106:Doctor of Public Health
5938:Social cognitive theory
5740:Infectious and epidemic
5522:Fecal–oral transmission
3725:Bass, Frank M. (1969).
3148:Valente, T. W. (1996).
2995:10.1126/science.1207055
2835:. New York: Free Press.
2806:Social Science Research
2627:10.1177/135050840181001
2582:10.1145/3396743.3396750
2459:10.1111/1475-6773.00143
2381:. New York: Free Press.
1244:10.1111/1467-9256.00086
1223:10.1111/0952-1895.00123
694:absorb these failures.
491:Diffusion of Innovation
358:Communication channels
316:social network analysis
6273:Management cybernetics
6174:Germ theory of disease
5953:Transtheoretical model
4428:Sociology of knowledge
3873:10.1073/pnas.082090499
3781:10.1287/opre.1110.0963
1402:. Simon and Schuster.
1094:Information revolution
1032:clustering coefficient
1008:Complex systems models
973:Mathematical treatment
793:Role of social systems
570:Who makes the decision
510:Knowledge / Awareness
485:
260:organizational studies
176:communication channels
141:
6058:Public Health Service
5943:Social norms approach
5933:PRECEDE–PROCEED model
5379:Preventive healthcare
5272:Pharmaceutical policy
5121:Chief Medical Officer
4995:Transition management
4985:Technology assessment
4953:Regulation of science
4928:Evidence-based policy
4813:Sociotechnical system
4662:Traditional knowledge
4542:Psychology of science
4515:Mapping controversies
4421:shaping of technology
4380:Social constructivism
4345:Philosophy of science
4302:History of technology
4051:10.1287/mnsc.42.5.693
3846:Watts, D. J. (2002).
3743:10.1287/mnsc.15.5.215
3594:Science Communication
3219:Stone, Diane (2012).
3181:Wear, Andrew (2008).
2541:Policy & Politics
2398:The Milbank Quarterly
2284:The Milbank Quarterly
2062:The Milbank Quarterly
1998:The Milbank Quarterly
1503:Science Communication
1259:Noel, Hayden (2009).
1099:Lateral communication
926:Diffusion curves for
484:
283:Ohio State University
135:
6283:Sociology of culture
6248:Innovation economics
6134:Sara Josephine Baker
6033:Public Health Agency
5918:Health communication
5783:Disease surveillance
5749:Asymptomatic carrier
5731:Statistical software
5419:Preventive nutrition
5247:Medical anthropology
5136:Environmental health
4900:Women in engineering
4746:Financial technology
4726:Digital anthropology
4495:Criticism of science
4408:Actor–network theory
4370:Religion and science
4262:Economics of science
4108:Journal of Marketing
2508:10.1136/qhc.11.4.345
1578:Conservation Letters
1429:High Tech Strategies
1155:The Wisdom of Crowds
1134:Public choice theory
837:public choice theory
550:cognitive dissonance
303:industrial sociology
268:conservation biology
264:knowledge management
208:concept of diffusion
51:improve this article
6268:Product development
6144:Carl Rogers Darnall
6139:Samuel Jay Crumbine
5913:Health belief model
5766:Notifiable diseases
5702:Regression analysis
5537:Waterborne diseases
5126:Cultural competence
4741:Engineering studies
4711:Cyborg anthropology
4500:Demarcation problem
4385:Social epistemology
4203:The Pencil Metaphor
3864:2002PNAS...99.5766W
3769:Operations Research
2987:2011Sci...334.1269C
2981:(6060): 1269–1272.
2905:Rostila, M (2010).
2719:Gibbons, D (2004).
2641:Rogers, EM (1995).
2608:Newell, S. (2001).
2568:Li, Jerry (2020),
2377:Rogers, EM (1995).
1129:Pro-innovation bias
1056:pro-innovation bias
996:models such as the
634:Adoption strategies
498:
318:and communication.
293:, early sociology,
252:development studies
188:Regis McKenna, Inc.
6263:Product management
5742:disease prevention
5677:Case–control study
5349:Security of person
5198:Health care reform
5021:History of science
4938:Funding of science
4808:Skunkworks project
4505:Double hermeneutic
4290:History of science
4181:has a profile for
4120:10.1509/jm.10.0406
4039:Management Science
3765:Hochbaum, Dorit S.
3731:Management Science
3127:. Souvenir Press.
3107:2011-09-20 at the
2831:Rogers, E (1995).
1591:10.1111/conl.12442
1320:Rogers, Everett M.
1298:Rogers, Everett M.
1261:Consumer behaviour
1124:Pace of innovation
1119:Opinion leadership
1002:agent-based models
781:and its opposite,
737:opinion leadership
720:opinion leadership
706:opinion leadership
656:Adopter categories
496:
486:
272:complexity studies
142:
6235:
6234:
6187:
6186:
6097:Higher education
5928:Positive deviance
5923:Health psychology
5899:Health behavioral
5826:safety management
5800:Social distancing
5574:Population health
5554:Smoking cessation
5502:Pharmacovigilance
5473:Injury prevention
5441:Infection control
5359:Social psychology
5309:Prisoners' rights
5252:Medical sociology
5220:Public health law
5116:Biological hazard
5063:
5062:
4990:Technology policy
4721:Dematerialization
4530:black swan events
4187:
3962:10.1137/120885371
3431:(10): 1343–1369.
3134:978-0-285-62662-1
3037:978-1-4128-3070-6
1943:, p. 21, 23.
1679:(15): 1969–1975.
1409:978-0-7432-5823-4
1104:Lateral diffusion
1084:Frugal innovation
1022:in a network (or
985:logistic function
979:Logistic function
900:regulatory agency
752:
751:
682:Adopter category
611:
610:
556:
555:
391:
390:
307:medical sociology
240:medical sociology
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
6290:
6223:
6222:
6211:
6210:
6199:
6198:
6093:Health education
5970:
5824:Food hygiene and
5805:Tropical disease
5617:Infant mortality
5592:Community health
5468:Controlled Drugs
5404:Health promotion
5334:Right to housing
5178:Health economics
5090:
5083:
5076:
5067:
5036:
5035:
5011:
4963:Right to science
4943:Horizon scanning
4918:Academic freedom
4818:Technical change
4679:Women in science
4674:Unity of science
4455:Strong programme
4239:
4232:
4225:
4216:
4185:
4175:
4174:
4159:
4158:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4064:
4055:
4054:
4034:
4028:
4027:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3955:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3912:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3885:
3875:
3858:(9): 5766–5771.
3843:
3837:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3775:(5): 1171–1183.
3761:
3755:
3754:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3668:. Archived from
3657:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3633:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3360:
3342:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3187:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3118:
3112:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3021:
3015:
3014:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2740:10.2307/20159633
2725:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2584:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2519:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2470:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2258:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2021:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1813:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1623:
1614:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1546:
1535:
1534:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1465:Acta Sociologica
1460:
1454:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1393:
1376:
1337:
1315:
1293:
1274:
1255:
1226:
1203:
1175:
1079:Delphi technique
755:Failed diffusion
679:
614:Rate of adoption
577:
499:
383:, distance from
329:
256:health promotion
227:Friedrich Ratzel
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
6298:
6297:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6183:
6154:Margaret Sanger
6122:
6081:
5965:
5963:
5957:
5900:
5894:
5866:Safety scandals
5825:
5819:
5741:
5735:
5669:
5663:
5659:Social medicine
5652:Race and health
5587:Child mortality
5568:
5527:Open defecation
5409:Human nutrition
5399:Family planning
5387:Behavior change
5373:
5329:Right to health
5242:Maternal health
5232:Health politics
5183:Health literacy
5099:
5094:
5064:
5059:
4999:
4958:Research ethics
4904:
4803:Reverse salient
4697:
4690:
4466:
4459:
4450:Sociotechnology
4394:
4306:
4271:
4248:
4243:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4085:10.2307/2391725
4066:
4065:
4058:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4016:10.2307/2090611
4001:
4000:
3996:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3829:
3821:
3817:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3684:
3680:
3672:
3666:
3655:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3636:Policy Analysis
3631:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3473:10.1.1.204.6531
3457:
3456:
3452:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3358:10.1.1.459.2364
3340:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3307:10.2307/1963526
3292:
3291:
3287:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3154:Social Networks
3147:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3109:Wayback Machine
3100:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3071:(s1): 208–220.
3062:
3061:
3057:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3023:
3022:
3018:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2587:
2567:
2560:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2035:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1768:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1728:10.2307/2084831
1713:
1712:
1708:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1555:Rural Sociology
1548:
1547:
1538:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1383:
1340:
1334:
1318:
1296:
1290:
1277:
1271:
1258:
1229:
1206:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1144:Tacit knowledge
1109:Lazy user model
1064:
1044:
1036:Computer models
1013:Complex network
1010:
981:
975:
966:
957:
948:
936:
913:
887:
882:
865:
850:tacit knowledge
846:
810:opinion leaders
806:
804:Opinion leaders
801:
795:
775:
757:
726:, p. 283)
714:Early Majority
658:
649:
636:
616:
561:
536:Implementation
479:
473:
453:
433:
396:
385:opinion leaders
324:
295:rural sociology
235:rural sociology
219:anthropologists
204:
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6296:
6294:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6240:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6217:
6205:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6095:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6012:
6011:
6010:
6005:
5997:
5996:
5995:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5976:
5974:
5967:
5962:Organizations,
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5904:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5875:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5829:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5763:
5762:
5761:
5751:
5745:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5718:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5673:
5671:
5668:Biological and
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5634:
5629:
5627:Multimorbidity
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5564:Vector control
5561:
5556:
5551:
5549:School hygiene
5546:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5532:Sanitary sewer
5529:
5524:
5519:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5490:Patient safety
5487:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5383:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5173:Harm reduction
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5070:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4968:Science policy
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4923:Digital divide
4920:
4914:
4912:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4839:Technological
4837:
4836:
4835:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4716:Design studies
4713:
4708:
4702:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4659:
4654:
4652:Scientometrics
4649:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4525:Paradigm shift
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4365:Postpositivism
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4325:Antipositivism
4322:
4316:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4295:and technology
4287:
4281:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4177:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:External links
4163:
4161:
4160:
4149:(3): 333–359.
4133:
4098:
4079:(4): 700–714.
4056:
4045:(5): 693–716.
4029:
4010:(2): 237–252.
3994:
3983:(3): 295–311.
3967:
3946:(1): 515–532.
3930:
3923:
3897:
3838:
3827:
3815:
3794:
3756:
3737:(5): 215–227.
3717:
3715:, p. 301.
3702:
3700:, p. 299.
3690:
3688:, p. 470.
3678:
3675:on 3 May 2011.
3664:
3641:
3619:
3600:(2): 303–322.
3584:
3557:
3522:
3487:
3466:(4): 840–857.
3450:
3415:
3396:(3): 650–666.
3380:
3328:
3301:(2): 395–415.
3285:
3266:(3): 269–288.
3260:Policy Studies
3250:
3231:(4): 483–499.
3225:Policy Studies
3211:
3209:, p. 403.
3199:
3173:
3140:
3133:
3113:
3094:
3082:
3055:
3053:, p. 219.
3043:
3036:
3016:
2965:
2960:10.1086/267838
2954:(4): 523–538.
2938:
2917:(3): 382–399.
2897:
2885:
2850:
2838:
2823:
2812:(2): 125–144.
2796:
2777:(1): 170–177.
2761:
2734:(6): 938–951.
2711:
2709:, p. 283.
2699:
2697:, p. 282.
2687:
2660:
2658:, p. 134.
2648:
2633:
2600:
2585:
2558:
2531:
2482:
2453:(2): 751–776.
2433:
2404:(4): 607–610.
2384:
2369:
2350:(2): 303–322.
2334:
2319:
2290:(4): 599–600.
2270:
2229:
2186:
2165:10.5465/256344
2159:(4): 897–923.
2140:
2097:
2068:(4): 597–598.
2048:
2033:
2004:(4): 581–629.
1984:
1972:
1945:
1933:
1898:
1886:
1843:
1831:
1824:
1798:
1781:
1766:
1741:
1722:(4): 547–556.
1706:
1658:
1639:(2): 417–430.
1627:Greenhalgh, T.
1615:
1564:
1536:
1509:(3): 242–273.
1490:
1471:(4): 431–442.
1455:
1453:, p. 150.
1440:
1415:
1408:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1338:
1332:
1316:
1294:
1288:
1275:
1269:
1256:
1227:
1204:
1186:(3): 545–566.
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1043:
1040:
1009:
1006:
977:Main article:
974:
971:
965:
962:
956:
953:
947:
944:
935:
932:
928:infrastructure
912:
909:
886:
883:
881:
878:
874:agenda-setting
864:
861:
845:
842:
805:
802:
794:
791:
774:
771:
756:
753:
750:
749:
745:
741:
740:
732:
731:Late Majority
728:
727:
715:
711:
710:
702:
700:Early adopters
696:
695:
691:
687:
686:
683:
674:early adopters
657:
654:
648:
645:
640:social network
635:
632:
624:adoption curve
615:
612:
609:
608:
605:
601:
600:
597:
593:
592:
589:
585:
584:
581:
572:
571:
568:
560:
557:
554:
553:
546:
542:
541:
537:
533:
532:
528:
524:
523:
520:
516:
515:
511:
507:
506:
503:
472:
469:
452:
449:
432:
429:
420:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
395:
392:
389:
388:
377:
376:Social system
373:
372:
368:
364:
363:
359:
355:
354:
350:
346:
345:
341:
337:
336:
333:
323:
320:
279:Everett Rogers
244:communications
203:
200:
196:early adopters
180:social capital
161:Everett Rogers
128:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6295:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6228:
6227:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6194:
6193:
6190:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6149:Joseph Lister
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6077:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6028:Health Canada
6026:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5973:Organizations
5971:
5968:
5960:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5897:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5822:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5810:Vaccine trial
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5738:
5732:
5729:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5717:
5715:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5687:Relative risk
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5660:
5657:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5647:Health equity
5645:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5612:Health system
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5602:Global health
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5582:Biostatistics
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5324:Right to food
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5258:
5257:Mental health
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5205:Housing First
5203:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:Health system
5191:
5190:
5189:
5188:Health policy
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5097:Public health
5091:
5086:
5084:
5079:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4828:Technoscience
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4798:Media studies
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4736:Early adopter
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4706:Co-production
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4555:communication
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4537:Pseudoscience
4535:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4485:Boundary-work
4483:
4481:
4480:Bibliometrics
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4390:Transhumanism
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4226:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4180:
4164:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4137:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4102:
4099:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4033:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
3998:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3931:
3926:
3924:9780521195331
3920:
3916:
3911:
3910:
3901:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3810:
3805:
3798:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3671:
3667:
3665:3-7908-0479-7
3661:
3654:
3653:
3645:
3642:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3573:(2): 91–106.
3572:
3568:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3174:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3086:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3044:
3039:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2939:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2898:
2895:, p. 19.
2894:
2889:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2851:
2848:, p. 18.
2847:
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2815:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2797:
2792:
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2765:
2762:
2757:
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2749:
2745:
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2733:
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2722:
2715:
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2708:
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2700:
2696:
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2657:
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2649:
2644:
2637:
2634:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2598:, p. 79.
2597:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2502:(4): 345–51.
2501:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
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2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2249:(7): 879–94.
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2202:(2): 203–14.
2201:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
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2136:
2132:
2128:
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2112:
2108:
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2059:
2052:
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2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1982:, p. 24.
1981:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1896:, p. 17.
1895:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:(S1): 59–69.
1858:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1841:, p. 11.
1840:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1825:9780521195331
1821:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1802:
1799:
1795:. Free Press.
1794:
1793:
1785:
1782:
1779:, p. 83.
1778:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1756:on 2014-08-04
1755:
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1611:
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1597:
1592:
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1583:
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1333:9780029266502
1329:
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1309:
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1289:9780070387584
1285:
1281:
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1270:9782940439249
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990:
986:
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917:
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901:
895:
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877:
875:
871:
863:Organizations
862:
860:
857:
855:
851:
843:
841:
838:
833:
830:
825:
821:
817:
815:
814:two-step flow
811:
803:
800:
792:
790:
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784:
780:
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770:
767:
761:
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746:
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730:
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725:
722:in a system (
721:
716:
713:
712:
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703:
701:
698:
697:
692:
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684:
681:
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675:
671:
667:
663:
662:social system
655:
653:
646:
644:
641:
633:
631:
629:
628:critical mass
625:
620:
613:
606:
603:
602:
598:
595:
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587:
586:
582:
579:
578:
575:
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304:
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292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
232:
231:Leo Frobenius
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:Gabriel Tarde
213:
209:
201:
199:
197:
192:
189:
185:
184:critical mass
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
139:
134:
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118:
110:
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92:
89:
85:
82:
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68: –
67:
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62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
6224:
6212:
6200:
6169:Radium Girls
6164:Typhoid Mary
5907:
5851:Microbiology
5721:
5713:
5597:Epidemiology
5495:Organization
5446:Oral hygiene
5436:Hand washing
5414:Healthy diet
5344:Right to sit
5237:Labor rights
5043:Associations
4878:criticism of
4788:Leapfrogging
4771:linear model
4760:
4657:Team science
4647:Scientocracy
4570:Neo-colonial
4320:Anthropocene
4183:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4114:(6): 55–68.
4111:
4107:
4101:
4076:
4072:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3908:
3900:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3830:
3818:
3797:
3772:
3768:
3759:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3713:Wejnert 2002
3698:Wejnert 2002
3693:
3681:
3670:the original
3651:
3644:
3635:
3622:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3348:
3344:
3331:
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3288:
3263:
3259:
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3228:
3224:
3214:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3176:
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3153:
3143:
3123:
3116:
3097:
3085:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3046:
3026:
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2974:
2968:
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2727:
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2690:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2651:
2642:
2636:
2617:
2614:Organization
2613:
2603:
2573:
2547:(1): 79–96.
2544:
2540:
2534:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2378:
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2287:
2283:
2273:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2156:
2152:
2113:(3): 60–73.
2110:
2106:
2100:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1975:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1936:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1889:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1834:
1809:
1801:
1791:
1784:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1744:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1676:
1670:
1667:Berwick, DM.
1661:
1636:
1630:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1558:
1554:
1506:
1502:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1432:. Retrieved
1428:
1418:
1398:
1348:
1342:
1323:
1302:
1279:
1260:
1238:(1): 51–59.
1235:
1231:
1217:(1): 45–70.
1214:
1208:
1183:
1177:
1153:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1028:
1019:
1017:
1011:
982:
967:
958:
949:
941:
937:
925:
921:
918:
914:
905:Asian Tigers
896:
888:
866:
858:
853:
852:in the book
847:
834:
827:Research on
826:
822:
818:
807:
787:
776:
762:
758:
665:
659:
650:
637:
621:
617:
573:
562:
490:
487:
458:
454:
438:
434:
425:
421:
401:
397:
325:
310:
291:anthropology
286:
276:
205:
193:
173:
164:
163:in his book
144:
143:
138:market share
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
6226:WikiProject
5966:and history
5846:Engineering
5559:Vaccination
5431:Food safety
4888:theories of
4873:and society
4869:Technology
4863:transitions
4853:determinism
4848:convergence
4823:Technocracy
4605:controversy
4591:Scientific
4575:post-normal
4520:Metascience
4490:Consilience
4475:Antiscience
4340:Neo-Luddism
4335:Fuzzy logic
3686:Rogers 2003
3503:: 125–144.
3351:: 171–189.
3207:Rogers 2003
3051:Rogers 1962
2893:Rogers 1983
2846:Rogers 1983
2748:10945/46065
2707:Rogers 1962
2695:Rogers 1962
2656:Rogers 1962
2620:(1): 5–15.
2596:Rogers 1962
2044:Rogers 1962
1980:Rogers 1983
1961:: 265–290.
1941:Rogers 1983
1894:Rogers 1983
1839:Rogers 1983
1777:Rogers 1962
1451:Rogers 1962
1351:: 297–326.
892:Diane Stone
783:heterophily
766:El Salvador
724:Rogers 1962
690:Innovators
685:Definition
622:Within the
583:Definition
519:Persuasion
505:Definition
340:Innovation
335:Definition
223:geographers
212:sociologist
6253:Innovation
6242:Categories
5979:Caribbean
5856:Processing
5790:Quarantine
5712:Student's
5512:Sanitation
5146:History of
5026:Technology
4978:science of
4973:history of
4858:revolution
4766:disruptive
4756:Innovation
4751:Hype cycle
4696:Technology
4667:ecological
4640:skepticism
4630:misconduct
4615:enterprise
4433:scientific
4360:Positivism
4330:Empiricism
4312:Philosophy
3809:1611.07454
2866:: 415–44.
1914:(3): 372.
1760:2014-07-17
1434:2022-07-19
1210:Governance
1163:References
989:Bass model
911:Technology
797:See also:
769:adoption.
531:evidence.
475:See also:
443:(TAM) and
169:innovation
157:technology
107:March 2023
77:newspapers
6258:Diffusion
6159:John Snow
6086:Education
6076:Full list
5964:education
5888:ISO 22000
5841:Chemistry
5754:Epidemics
5707:ROC curve
5517:Emergency
5297:Radiation
5277:Pollution
5261:Ministers
5158:Euthenics
4933:Factor 10
4761:diffusion
4600:consensus
4595:community
4560:education
4400:Sociology
4375:Scientism
4254:Economics
4186:(Q304994)
4128:167319134
3953:1207.4933
3751:0025-1909
3614:143645140
3552:154401428
3538:: 67–82.
3517:154759501
3468:CiteSeerX
3445:157148193
3353:CiteSeerX
3323:143942476
3280:154771344
3245:154487482
3196:(2): 195.
3160:: 69–89.
2676:: 75–88.
2364:143645140
1928:167588113
1610:1755-263X
1485:145291431
1252:143819195
1200:153837868
1042:Criticism
998:S-D model
870:Six Sigma
779:homophily
744:Laggards
559:Decisions
527:Decision
349:Adopters
299:education
277:In 1962,
248:marketing
6278:Memetics
6202:Category
5901:sciences
5836:Additive
5507:Safe sex
5478:Medicine
5392:Theories
5163:Genomics
5141:Eugenics
5131:Deviance
5111:Auxology
5053:Scholars
5048:Journals
5038:Category
5012:Portals
4893:transfer
4883:dynamics
4833:feminist
4635:priority
4620:literacy
4580:rhetoric
4546:Science
4510:Logology
3892:16578874
3789:17397292
3410:54851191
3375:13872025
3105:Archived
3011:44322077
3003:22144624
2933:20415788
2791:61392977
2756:20159633
2526:12468695
2477:12785571
2428:15595944
2314:15595944
2265:11522135
2224:25109112
2216:11446132
2181:17430228
2127:12146784
2092:15595944
2028:15595944
1881:20932024
1873:14960404
1701:26283930
1693:12697800
1653:15893056
1531:24497472
1523:12319357
1373:14699184
1322:(1983).
1300:(1962).
1232:Politics
1114:Memetics
1062:See also
332:Element
322:Elements
225:such as
6214:Commons
6127:History
6024:Canada
5999:Europe
5483:Nursing
5463:Hygiene
5426:Hygiene
5151:Liberal
5104:General
5016:Science
4698:studies
4610:dissent
4550:citizen
4467:studies
4465:Science
4412:Social
4277:History
4179:Scholia
4093:2391725
4024:2090611
3860:Bibcode
3315:1963526
2983:Bibcode
2975:Science
2880:2341021
2517:1757995
2468:1360903
2419:2690184
2305:2690184
2135:6388134
2083:2690184
2019:2690184
1736:2084831
1365:3069244
670:S curve
471:Process
202:History
91:scholar
6014:India
5989:China
5861:Safety
5542:Worker
4910:Policy
4843:change
4776:system
4625:method
4565:normal
4126:
4091:
4022:
3921:
3917:–531.
3890:
3883:122850
3880:
3787:
3749:
3662:
3612:
3550:
3515:
3470:
3443:
3408:
3373:
3355:
3321:
3313:
3278:
3243:
3131:
3034:
3009:
3001:
2931:
2878:
2789:
2754:
2524:
2514:
2475:
2465:
2426:
2416:
2362:
2312:
2302:
2263:
2222:
2214:
2179:
2173:256344
2171:
2133:
2125:
2090:
2080:
2026:
2016:
1926:
1879:
1871:
1822:
1818:–535.
1734:
1699:
1691:
1651:
1608:
1529:
1521:
1483:
1406:
1371:
1363:
1330:
1312:254636
1310:
1286:
1267:
1250:
1198:
885:Policy
502:Stage
149:theory
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
6039:U.S.
5883:HACCP
5832:Food
5724:-test
5716:-test
5302:Light
5287:Water
4124:S2CID
4089:JSTOR
4020:JSTOR
3948:arXiv
3804:arXiv
3785:S2CID
3673:(PDF)
3656:(PDF)
3632:(PDF)
3610:S2CID
3548:S2CID
3513:S2CID
3441:S2CID
3406:S2CID
3371:S2CID
3341:(PDF)
3319:S2CID
3311:JSTOR
3276:S2CID
3241:S2CID
3186:(PDF)
3007:S2CID
2876:S2CID
2787:S2CID
2752:JSTOR
2724:(PDF)
2360:S2CID
2220:S2CID
2177:S2CID
2169:JSTOR
2131:S2CID
1924:S2CID
1877:S2CID
1732:JSTOR
1697:S2CID
1527:S2CID
1481:S2CID
1381:Notes
1369:S2CID
1361:JSTOR
1248:S2CID
1196:S2CID
1174:(PDF)
1024:graph
1020:nodes
580:Type
465:UTAUT
367:Time
153:ideas
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