73:', where one regulator pushes for the highest standards, setting models for others to follow. Harmonization requires further interrogation, however. In their review of global business regulation, Braithwaite and Drahos find that some countries (notably the U.S. and the UK) push for certain regulatory standards in international bodies and then bring those regulations home under the requirement of harmonization and the guise of
43:. Afterwards it is not possible to find out who advocated for which part of the treaty. Each person can claim that it was not them who demanded a certain paragraph but that they had to agree to the overall "
65:
is the process through which a common set of policies are established across jurisdictions to remove irregularities. Regulations can change in any direction, however: regulations may be pushed to the
256:
Herman, Bill D. & Oscar H. Gandy, Jr. (2006). "Catch 1201: A Legislative
History and Content Analysis of the DMCA Exemption Proceedings". Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal.
92:
Yet another manifestation of policy laundering is to implement legal policy which a subset of legislators desire but would normally not be able to obtain approval through regular means.
408:
324:"International Relations Theories and the Regulation of International Dataflows: Policy Laundering and other International Policy Dynamics"
361:
55:
141:
201:
191:
96:
ACTA is legislation laundering on an international level of what would be very difficult to get through most
Parliaments.
106:
The
American Civil Liberties Union argue that policy laundering has become common political practice in areas related to
66:
413:
136:
418:
373:
269:
393:
196:
131:
39:
One common method for policy laundering is the use of international treaties which are formulated in
334:
181:
238:
257:
221:
Hosein, Ian (2004). "The
Sources of Laws: Policy Dynamics in a Digital and Terrorized World".
70:
349:
261:
230:
156:
28:
282:
166:
111:
74:
20:
388:
402:
171:
62:
323:
309:
242:
151:
161:
234:
44:
126:
107:
186:
40:
24:
296:
101:
Stavros
Lambrinidis, Member of European Parliament, S and D, Greece
337:, Vice President of European Parliament (2009), S and D, Greece,
51:
50:
Examples that could be considered as "policy laundering" are
338:
295:
Yu, Peter K., The
Political Economy of Data Protection,
77:; this is what we refer to as policy laundering.
94:
60:
35:Hiding responsibility for a policy or decision
19:is the disguising of the origins of political
310:"Government Should Lift Veil on ACTA Secrecy"
8:
88:Circumventing the regular approval process
56:Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)
389:Privacy International: Policy Laundering
213:
297:Chicago-Kent Law Review, Vol. 83, 2008
278:
267:
7:
69:; but may equally benefit from the '
409:International relations terminology
27:. The term is based on the similar
394:openrightsgroup: Policy Laundering
374:"The Problem of Policy Laundering"
14:
142:Investor-state dispute settlement
202:Theories of political behaviour
192:Participation (decision making)
362:Stop Policy Laundering Project
308:Geist, Michael (9 June 2008).
1:
350:The Policy Laundering Project
435:
235:10.1080/01972240490456854
147:Political communication:
67:lowest common denominator
23:, laws, or international
372:Barry Steinhardt (ACLU)
223:The Information Society
137:International relations
277:Cite journal requires
104:
85:
197:Political corruption
132:Harmonisation of law
335:Stavros Lambrinidis
322:Hosein, Ian, 2004,
182:Joint decision trap
122:International law:
110:and the erosion of
71:California effect
17:Policy laundering
426:
376:
370:
364:
358:
352:
347:
341:
332:
326:
320:
314:
313:
305:
299:
293:
287:
286:
280:
275:
273:
265:
253:
247:
246:
218:
157:Covert operation
102:
83:
82:Ian Hosein, 2004
29:money laundering
434:
433:
429:
428:
427:
425:
424:
423:
414:Global politics
399:
398:
385:
380:
379:
371:
367:
359:
355:
348:
344:
333:
329:
321:
317:
307:
306:
302:
294:
290:
276:
266:
255:
254:
250:
220:
219:
215:
210:
177:Policy making:
167:Media influence
120:
112:civil liberties
103:
100:
90:
84:
81:
75:multilateralism
37:
12:
11:
5:
432:
430:
422:
421:
416:
411:
401:
400:
397:
396:
391:
384:
383:External links
381:
378:
377:
365:
353:
342:
327:
315:
300:
288:
279:|journal=
248:
229:(3): 187–199.
212:
211:
209:
206:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
175:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
145:
144:
139:
134:
129:
119:
116:
98:
89:
86:
79:
36:
33:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
431:
420:
419:Public policy
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
404:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
382:
375:
369:
366:
363:
357:
354:
351:
346:
343:
340:
336:
331:
328:
325:
319:
316:
311:
304:
301:
298:
292:
289:
284:
271:
263:
259:
252:
249:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
217:
214:
207:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
178:
173:
172:War on Terror
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
148:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
123:
117:
115:
113:
109:
97:
93:
87:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
63:Harmonization
59:
57:
53:
48:
46:
42:
34:
32:
30:
26:
22:
18:
368:
356:
345:
330:
318:
303:
291:
270:cite journal
251:
226:
222:
216:
176:
152:Astroturfing
146:
121:
105:
95:
91:
61:
49:
38:
16:
15:
339:"Stop Acta"
162:Doublespeak
403:Categories
208:References
45:compromise
127:Diplomacy
108:terrorism
21:decisions
243:43612133
187:Lobbyism
118:See also
99:—
80:—
25:treaties
360:ACLU's
54:or the
41:secrecy
262:844544
260:
241:
239:S2CID
283:help
258:SSRN
52:WIPO
231:doi
47:".
405::
274::
272:}}
268:{{
237:.
227:20
225:.
114:.
58:.
31:.
312:.
285:)
281:(
264:.
245:.
233::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.