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In August 1939, following a tripartite meeting of Polish, French, and
British cryptologists at Warsaw on 25–26 July 1939 – during which the Poles had explained all their Enigma-decryption methods and equipment – two Enigma replicas were passed to Poland's allies, one sent to Paris and one to London.
63:
with reconstructing the Enigma machine. A French spy had obtained some material about the Enigma, and the French had provided the material to the Polish Cipher Bureau. By then, for the purposes of the German military, the original commercial Enigma had been equipped with a plugboard. Rejewski made
55:
The Polish Cipher Bureau realized that the
Germans were using a new cipher. The Germans had mistakenly shipped a cipher machine to Poland; their attempts to recover the shipment raised the suspicions of Polish customs, and the Cipher Bureau learned that the Germans were using Enigma machines. The
704:
On the last
Saturday in January 1929 an alert customs officer working in Warsaw had been about to process a heavy box when his suspicions were aroused by a request from the German Embassy. Apparently the box had been sent to Poland by mistake and a German Embassy official was requesting that it
141:. The Poles had only three replica Enigmas to work with, two secretly taken out of Poland during the evacuation, and the one that had been sent to France after the July 1939 Warsaw conference, and these were wearing out from round-the-clock use.
153:
ordered parts for forty machines from a French precision-mechanics firm. Manufacture proceeded sluggishly, however, and it was only after the fall of France and the opening of underground work in southern France's
708:. This date is one year later than Rejewski's date. This reference also has the Polish Cipher Bureau receiving technical details of the Enigma from the French in December 1931 and September 1932.
64:
rapid progress and was able to determine the wirings of the military Enigma. The Bureau modified its commercial Enigma rotors, reflector, and internal wiring to match the military Enigma's.
705:
should be returned to
Germany immediately. When the box was opened, an Enigma machine was found inside. The Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau quickly called in two engineers to examine it.
95:
Earlier, German military Enigma traffic had totally defeated the French and
British, and they had faced the prospect of being unable to read German communications during the coming war.
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The Cipher Bureau's commercial Enigma did not have a plugboard, but the plugboard could be simulated by relabeling the keys and lamps. The result was the first Polish Enigma double.
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from the AVA Radio
Manufacturing Company, in Warsaw. Ultimately, about seventy such functional replicas were produced.
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Enigma: How the German
Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two
676:, p. 213. says incident was end of 1927 or beginning of 1928. Enigma traffic appeared 15 July 1928.
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Bureau purchased a commercial Enigma and attempted, but failed, to break the cipher.
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615:), in Warsaw, where German Enigma ciphers were first broken in December 1932.
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The
Invention of Enigma and How the Polish Broke It Before the Start of WWII
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http://www.cryptomuseum.com/crypto/enigma/polish/img/polish_enigma_1.jpg
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Electronic
Warfare: Element of Strategy and Multiplier of Combat Power
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One of four Enigma doubles assembled in France in 1940, featuring
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855:. Foreign intelligence book series. edited and translated by
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http://www.codesandciphers.org.uk/virtualbp/poles/poles.htm
859:. Frederick, Maryland: University Publications of America.
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in
October 1940 that four machines were finally assembled.
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Marian Rejewski, 1905-1980: Living with the Enigma Secret
631:
Woytak, "A Conversation with Marian Rejewski," pp. 53–55.
885:(January 1982). "A Conversation with Marian Rejewski".
825:. Bydgoszcz: Bydgoszcz City Council. pp. 15–18.
131:, the Cipher Bureau resumed its interrupted work at
926:http://www.cryptomuseum.com/crypto/enigma/hist.htm
646:"How Polish Mathematicians Deciphered the Enigma"
719:http://www.polandinexile.com/enigmaenglish.html
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79:ordered fifteen "doubles" of the military
59:In December 1932 the Cipher Bureau tasked
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653:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
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43:. The Enigma double was one result of
35:was a machine produced by the Polish
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895:(1). transcribed and translated by
99:Polish doubles assembled in France
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123:in September 1939 and key Polish
113:Józef Piłsudski Institute, London
16:Replication of the Enigma machine
969:Science and technology in Poland
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127:personnel had been evacuated to
821:(2005). "The Unknown Victors".
689:Enigma: The Battle for the Code
686:Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh (2000),
928:has picture of Enigma double (
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75:In February 1933, the Polish
938:has picture of Enigma double
347:Russian Section cryptologist
302:German Section cryptologists
291:Chief of Radio Intelligence
39:that replicated the German
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692:, John Wiley, p. 21,
905:10.1080/0161-118291856830
416:The Enigma cipher machine
736:, Pergamon, p. 36,
338:Chief of Russian Section
964:History of cryptography
730:Gordon, Don E. (1981),
665:10.1109/mahc.1981.10033
293:Chief of German Section
87:Gift to Poland's Allies
954:Cipher Bureau (Poland)
178:Methods and technology
121:Germany invaded Poland
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33:Polish Enigma "double"
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111:keyboard layout. In
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918:Slawo Wesolkowski, "
897:Christopher Kasparek
857:Christopher Kasparek
819:Brzezinski, Zbigniew
659:(3), IEEE: 213–234,
461:Polish Cipher Bureau
364:Stanisław Leśniewski
168:Polish Cipher Bureau
148:intelligence officer
125:Polish Cipher Bureau
849:Kozaczuk, Władysław
368:Stefan Mazurkiewicz
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51:First Polish double
883:Woytak, Richard A.
372:Franciszek Pokorny
333:Wiktor Michałowski
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611:(in Polish,
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253:Kabaty Woods
248:Saxon Palace
215:Card catalog
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888:Cryptologia
613:Pałac Saski
508:Herivel tip
503:Banburismus
145:French Army
948:Categories
812:References
481:Cyclometer
208:Cyclometer
899:: 50–60.
273:Personnel
240:Locations
156:Free Zone
851:(1984).
841:62701914
717:Enigma,
673:15748167
545:PC Bruno
260:PC Bruno
162:See also
137:outside
134:PC Bruno
875:9826775
559:Related
466:Doubles
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356:Others
232:Lacida
129:France
119:After
27:double
25:Enigma
669:S2CID
649:(PDF)
620:Notes
568:Ultra
550:Cadix
538:Hut 8
533:Hut 6
528:Hut 4
523:Hut 3
518:Bombe
486:Bomba
476:Clock
471:Grill
280:Chief
265:Cadix
203:Clock
198:Grill
186:"ANX"
139:Paris
871:OCLC
861:ISBN
837:OCLC
827:ISBN
738:ISBN
694:ISBN
513:Crib
109:ABCD
901:doi
661:doi
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31:A
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
