847:(Slovakia ceased to exist as an independent state) and sought to prevent Polish authorities, which were trying to recover the territories they had before World War II, from entering the region. The Czechoslovak President Beneš, however, decided to give the territories regained during World War II (i.e. northern Spiš and northern Orava) to Poland again (the corresponding formal act was signed on 20 May 1945), although a Slovak organised poll in the territories showed support of the population in favour of Czechoslovakia. There were many protests in the form of delegations visiting the president, petitions to Prague and Poland, protests by American Slovaks and protests by the Slovak
223:
194:
738:
599:
2035:
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761:. The Poles regarded the city as of crucial importance to the area and to Polish interests. On 28 September, Beneš composed a note to the Polish administration offering to reopen the debate surrounding the territorial demarcation in Těšínsko in the interest of mutual relations, but he delayed in sending it in hopes of good news from London and Paris, which failed to come. Beneš then turned to the
36:
935:
182:
629:. The Czechoslovak government in Prague requested for the Poles to cease their preparations for national parliamentary elections in the area that had been designated Polish in the interim agreement as no sovereign rule was to be executed in the disputed areas. The Polish government declined, and the Czechoslovaks decided to stop the preparations by force.
484:, a popular writer known for his stories on Tatra mountains and Goral folklore. The whole conflict was seen as Polish-Czech issue rather than Polish-Slovak, with phrases like "Czech invasion" in common use. The Committee organized a delegation, whose members – Ferdynand Machay, a priest born in Jabłonka (Orava), Piotr Borowy from
901:
On June 13, 1958, in Warsaw, the two countries signed a treaty confirming the border at the line of
January 1, 1938 (that is, returning to the situation before the Nazi-imposed Munich Agreement transferred territory from Czechoslovakia to Poland), and since then there have been no conflicts regarding
780:
The
Germans were delighted with the outcome. They were happy to give up a provincial rail centre to Poland. It was indeed a small sacrifice, spread the blame of the partition of Czechoslovakia, made Poland an accomplice in the process and confused the issue as well as political expectations. Poland
772:
At noon on 30 September, Poland gave an ultimatum to the
Czechoslovak government that demanded the immediate evacuation of Czechoslovak troops and police and gave Prague time until noon the following day. At 11:45 a.m. on 1 October the Czechoslovak foreign ministry called the Polish ambassador
329:
As a result, by the end of the 19th century Polish intellectuals commonly saw the Goral speaking areas in Spiš, Orava and around Čadca as being ethnographically Polish just like
Podhale, irrespective of their inhabitants' actual national consciousness (or lack of it). The exception was northeastern
897:
On 10 March 1947 a treaty guaranteeing basic rights for
Slovaks in Poland was signed between Czechoslovakia and Poland. As a result, 41 Slovak basic schools and 1 high school were opened in Poland. Most of these however were shut down in the early sixties because of lack of Slovak teachers.
797:, resulting in two fatalities on the Polish side, before the Slovak withdrawal. Poland occupied some northern parts of Slovakia and received territories around Suchá Hora and Hladovka, around Javorina, and in addition the territory around
531:
994:
c) in the Polish village
Jaworzynka region with an area of 304 m, according to documents limit referred to in Article 1, paragraph 4, including real estate, equipment and plants are transferred to the ownership of the Slovak
405:
and the dissolution of
Austria-Hungary, most of the area was taken over by local Polish authorities. The short-lived interim agreement of 2 November 1918 reflected the inability of the two national councils to come to final
632:
Czechoslovak troops entered areas managed by a Polish interim body on
January 23. Czechoslovak troops gained the upper hand over the weaker Polish units. Most Polish forces were then engaged in fighting with the
702:; 389 km (150 sq mi); pop. 16,133). The Czechoslovak authorities officially regarded their inhabitants as exclusively Slovak, but the Poles pointed out that the dialect used there belonged to the
321:
of the
Podhale Gorals was heavily romanticized by writers and artists. Because of their archaic Polish basis, the Goral dialects became a popular object of study among linguists dealing with the history of the
524:
382:
are also located here. All these raised the strategic importance of this region to
Czechoslovakia. On the other hand, most of the population was Polish, despite substantial Czech and German minorities.
2094:
1010:
region with an area of 304 m, according to documents limit referred to in Article 1, paragraph 4, including real estate, equipment and plants are transferred to the ownership of the Republic of Poland.
410:, and on 5 November 1918 the area was divided between Poland and Czechoslovakia by another interim agreement. In 1919 the councils were absorbed by the newly created independent central governments in
3004:
1928:
870:
on 17 July 1945. There were armed clashes and fatalities in some villages over the following two years. Slovaks from the Polish part of Spiš settled mainly in the newly created industrial town of
465:
in villages in northern Spiš and northeastern Orava about whether those people want to live in Poland or in Czechoslovakia, the promises were not kept, and both governments agreed to arbitration.
517:
1772:
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53:
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received back both the territories lost in 1938 and the territories lost in 1920–1924. This re-annexation happened in October 1939 (officially confirmed on 24 November 1939) when Slovakia
1678:
358:. Czechoslovakia claimed the area partly on strategic and ethnic grounds, but especially on economic and historic grounds. The disputed area was part of the historic Czech lands of the
3087:
1933:
1138:
1715:
828:. The annexation by the puppet state of Slovakia saved the Slovak and a smaller Polish population of the area from the naked terror of Nazi Germany as it was practised in the
1968:
2011:
2537:
1784:
1477:
1357:
2173:
393:
Two local self-government councils, Polish and Czech, were created. Initially, both national councils claimed the whole of Cieszyn Silesia for themselves, the Polish
3042:
1740:
2863:
2301:
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1700:
721:. That entailed (in the same year) an additional exchange of territories in Orava, and the territory around Nižná Lipnica went to Poland, the territory around
1816:
3082:
1551:
100:
843:. The inhabitants of Orava and Spiš (including the territories lost by Czechoslovakia in 1920–1924) created authorities similar to those in the remaining
2859:
2067:
1730:
1613:
990:
a) in the area of a viewing tower on the surface of the saddle Dukielskie about 376 m, according to documents limit referred to in Article 1, paragraph 2
72:
3032:
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2229:
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883:
79:
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Orava, with an influx of Polish or Polish-educated priests into the local Catholic parishes and some circulation of the Polish-language newspaper
2340:
2190:
2234:
2099:
2089:
672:. On 28 July 1920, the western part of the disputed territory was given to Czechoslovakia while Poland received the eastern part, which created
2954:
1806:
1366:
1350:
699:
426:
1274:
765:
leadership in Moscow, which had begun a partial mobilisation in eastern Belarus and Ukraine and threatened Poland with the dissolution of the
86:
677:
2964:
2262:
386:
The Polish side based its claim to the area on ethnic criteria: a majority of the area's population was Polish according to the last (1910)
2744:
1880:
1735:
1000:
a) in the area of a viewing tower on Dukielskie enters an area of 376 m, according to documents limit referred to in Article 1, paragraph 2
945:
1528:
1260:
1134:
421:
The inclusion of Spiš and Orava in the new state of Czechoslovakia was also not welcomed by all of its residents. In early November 1918
68:
1745:
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2515:
2318:
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1954:
603:
2941:
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1343:
1293:
1100:
961:
766:
119:
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2147:
1319:
Volokitina, T. V. "The Polish—Czechoslovak Conflict over Teschen: The Problem of Resettling Poles and the Position of the USSR,"
634:
1892:
1326:
Woytak, Richard A. "Polish Military Intervention into Czechoslovakian Teschen and Western Slovakia in September–November 1938,"
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1828:
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57:
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1429:
757:
Within the region originally demanded from Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany in 1938 was an important railway junction city of
379:
2006:
1977:
1421:
93:
1725:
992:
b) unnamed area on the island with an area of 2,289 m, according to documents limit referred to in Article 1, paragraph 3
2887:
2842:
2636:
2347:
1875:
1523:
1092:
649:
461:, though units were withdrawn after orders from Warsaw in January 1919. Although both governments promised to carry out
2778:
1762:
1668:
571:
505:
363:
3027:
2999:
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2693:
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1904:
1767:
844:
618:
351:
238:
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1187:
270:
713:(International Court of Justice) on 12 March 1924, which decided that Czechoslovakia should retain the territory of
2977:
2712:
2700:
2021:
1996:
1860:
1791:
1449:
1002:
b) Nokiel on the island with an area of 2,289 m, according to documents limit referred to in Article 1, paragraph 3
774:
698:; 195 km (75 sq mi); pop. 8,747) in northwestern Spiš and 12 villages in northeastern Orava (around
481:
2810:
2126:
586:
46:
2717:
1030:
371:
210:
Territorial changes on the Hungary-Austrian Galicia border, later Slovakia-Poland border, between 1902 and 1958 (
2768:
2104:
561:
2805:
1496:
1434:
851:. Despite these, on 20 May 1945, the pre-World War II borders between Czechoslovakia and Poland were restored.
638:
2507:
2327:
2182:
2079:
1579:
1328:
645:, and Czechoslovakia and Poland were compelled to sign a new demarcation line on February 3, 1919, in Paris.
3067:
3057:
3047:
2815:
2793:
2783:
2547:
2525:
1720:
1690:
1673:
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2760:
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2485:
2468:
2435:
2428:
2357:
1899:
1462:
1386:
1058:
665:
614:
543:
374:, which was attempting to re-establish Hungarian sovereignty over Slovakia. The area is also very rich in
347:
234:
2788:
809:
and some other very small border regions. Poland officially received the territories on 1 November 1938.
566:
434:
2987:
2915:
2798:
2624:
2352:
1865:
1569:
1397:
1021:
In 2020. Poland’s station troopers accidentally invaded the Czech Republic and occupied a small church.
818:
642:
450:
407:
2115:
1502:
366:), and access to the railway was critical for Czechoslovakia: the newly formed country was at war with
2949:
2619:
2495:
2490:
2455:
1991:
1757:
1589:
1246:
438:
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in Prague and told him that Poland could have what it wanted. The Polish Army, commanded by General
297:
were multi-ethnic areas. The inhabitants of the northernmost parts of both lands were predominantly
2589:
2200:
2016:
1636:
1511:
1491:
222:
2849:
2611:
2478:
2463:
2410:
2374:
2267:
2212:
1201:
829:
825:
746:
581:
269:. The conflicts became critical in 1919 and were finally settled in 1958 in a treaty between the
17:
1533:
442:
2910:
2729:
2705:
2641:
2554:
2445:
2157:
2084:
1811:
1656:
1517:
1096:
1066:
710:
509:
836:, but even then the genocidal policy was directed exclusively against the Jews and the Roma.
2920:
2874:
2734:
2673:
2606:
2584:
2564:
2423:
2403:
2272:
1705:
1574:
1546:
1467:
1454:
1415:
1407:
742:
737:
359:
598:
2925:
2678:
2294:
2277:
1584:
703:
622:
607:
387:
375:
355:
323:
314:
286:
242:
683:
453:. In June 1919, however, the Poles captured again northern Spiš and in addition northern
2683:
2034:
1840:
1648:
1439:
863:
576:
493:
454:
294:
246:
198:
193:
2043:
206:
3021:
1848:
1444:
1375:
1188:"Konflikt graniczny polsko-czechosłowacki w latach 1945–1947 – Inne Oblicza Historii"
887:
793:
In November 1938, Poland crossed into Slovakia where a minor firefight took place at
722:
687:
441:– a short (1 month) lived autonomous Polish statelet in Podhale, whose president was
1175:
The Abandoned Ones: The Tragic Story of Slovakia's Spis and Orava Regions, 1919–1948
2837:
2594:
2335:
2055:
1710:
1538:
782:
762:
652:(1919), Poland requested the northwestern bit of Spiš, including the region around
362:. The only railway from Czech territory to eastern Slovakia ran through this area (
266:
254:
445:. On 6 November 1918, Polish forces entered Spiš, but retreated after a defeat at
378:, and it was the most industrialized region of all Austria-Hungary. The important
1303:
Gromada, Thaddeus V. "Slovak Nationalists and Poland during the Interwar Period,
2739:
1801:
1631:
1222:
891:
879:
446:
402:
367:
343:
262:
35:
859:
In 1945 the border between Poland and Czechoslovakia was set at the 1920 line.
241:, both freshly created states. The conflicts centered on the disputed areas of
2224:
2219:
1779:
1007:
806:
758:
673:
462:
258:
1070:
492:(Spiš) went to Paris and, during a personal audience, talked to US President
1946:
986:
Territory of the Republic of Poland with a total area of 2,969 m, including:
910:
833:
1335:
918:
691:
477:
401:
in its declaration of 1 November 1918. On 31 October 1918, in the wake of
2982:
1911:
1887:
1823:
979:
914:
886:) near Kežmarok. Slovaks from the Polish part of Orava settled mainly in
840:
726:
718:
714:
695:
653:
485:
318:
310:
905:
In March 1975 Czechoslovakia and Poland modified their border along the
777:, annexed an area of 801.5 km with a population of 227,399 people.
2110:
1391:
1298:
906:
867:
802:
669:
626:
302:
290:
250:
1065:(in Polish). Warsaw, Prague, Třinec: PAI-press. pp. 52, 178–179.
839:
In January 1945, these border territories were occupied by the Soviet
457:. In Spiš they demanded the whole northern half of the region down to
301:, whose dialect and customs were in many ways similar to those of the
226:
Territorial changes on the Poland-Czechia border between 1918 and 1958
975:
875:
848:
489:
458:
415:
411:
306:
298:
186:
181:
1291:
Gąsiorowski, Zygmunt J. "Polish-Czechoslovak Relations, 1918–1922,"
998:
Territory of the Slovak Republic with an area of 2,969 m, including:
602:
A memorial to Poles fallen during the 1919 Polish-Czech conflict in
397:
in its declaration "Ludu śląski!" of 30 October 1918 and the Czech
1173:
794:
597:
474:
National Committee for Defense of Spisz, Orawa, Czadca and Podhale
871:
741:
Territories annexed by Poland from Czechoslovakia following the
1950:
1339:
1115:
The Munich Crisis, 1938 by Igor Lukes and Erik Goldstein, p. 61
513:
928:
29:
317:
became very popular among the Polish educated public and the
706:. The Polish government was not satisfied with that result.
313:
area. At the end of 19th century tourism in and around the
346:, both of the two newly created independent states of the
2095:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
1275:"Polish invasion of Czech Republic makes world headlines"
1161:
Marshal Edward Śmigły-Rydz Rydz and the Defense of Poland
890:, and in depopulated German villages in the Czech lands (
882:, Poprad, and in depopulated German villages (from which
1261:"In 2020 Poland Invaded the Czech Republic Accidentally"
1089:Československé Slezsko mezi světovými válkami 1918–1938
974:
In 2005, some further minor border adjustments between
952:
641:. Czechoslovakia was forced to stop the advance by the
1321:
Journal of Communist Studies & Transition Politics
686:
also agreed to cede to Poland 13 villages (especially
1716:
Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
709:
The conflict was resolved only by the Council of the
257:
they broadened to include areas around the cities of
2963:
2940:
2873:
2824:
2759:
2664:
2506:
2326:
2317:
2181:
2172:
2135:
2066:
1984:
1839:
1647:
1622:
1598:
1560:
1476:
1406:
1373:
884:
the German inhabitants had been previously expelled
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
231:Border conflicts between Poland and Czechoslovakia
1137:(in Polish). Interia Historia. 27 November 2016.
826:Nazi Germany's attack on Poland in September 1939
449:on 7 December 1918 as well as pressure from the
165:Treaty signed in 1958 between the two countries.
1741:1st Czechoslovak Army Corps in the Soviet Union
984:
134:
3088:Military history of the Second Polish Republic
2306:Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland
2012:Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1962:
1503:Fight for the rule over the Holy Roman Empire
1351:
525:
8:
1817:Abduction of Czechoslovak citizens in Angola
1773:Arms shipments from Czechoslovakia to Israel
2302:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)
2290:Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)
1934:International Legion of Territorial Defense
1053:
1051:
909:to permit Poland to construct a dam in the
613:In January 1919, a war erupted between the
2830:
2323:
2178:
2148:Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)
2072:
1969:
1955:
1947:
1387:War between Samo's empire and Frank Empire
1358:
1344:
1336:
1233:Dziennik Ustaw z 2005 r. Nr 203 poz. 1686
1016:Dziennik Ustaw z 2005 r. Nr 203 poz. 1686.
832:until Slovakia agreed to take part in the
532:
518:
510:
131:
2153:Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
2143:First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
1435:War of succession to the Duchy of Bohemia
1135:"27 listopada 1938 r. Bitwa pod Zdziarem"
962:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2441:War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
1679:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
736:
437:, both groups being in contact with the
423:National Council of Poles in Upper Orava
221:
205:
2002:History of Polish intelligence services
1917:European Union Training Mission in Mali
1082:
1080:
1047:
3043:Territorial disputes of Czechoslovakia
2955:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1807:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1785:Czechoslovak military mission in Korea
1706:Hungarian Invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine
1426:Great Moravia war against East Francia
1141:from the original on 19 September 2023
781:was accused of being an accomplice of
69:"Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts"
2348:Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
942:This section may contain information
862:Polish troops then occupied northern
468:In Poland, the case was advocated by
338:Creation of Poland and Czechoslovakia
7:
2538:Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
2191:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
1881:Provincial Reconstruction Team Logar
1736:Czechoslovak 11th Infantry Battalion
805:Mountains, a small territory around
395:Rada Narodowa Księstwa Cieszyńskiego
135:Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2774:Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
1746:1st Czechoslovak Mixed Air Division
1726:1st Czechoslovak Division in France
1313:The Slovak–Polish Border, 1918–1947
265:, which until 1945 had belonged to
3083:Aftermath of World War I in Poland
1731:Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons
488:(Orava) and Wojciech Halczyn from
305:Gorals. Another area inhabited by
25:
1751:1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade
1695:
1662:Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion
1294:Slavonic and East European Review
1247:"Poland calls off Czech invasion"
767:Soviet-Polish non-aggression pact
18:Polish invasion of Czech Republic
2560:War of the Holy League 1683–1699
2263:Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)
2054:
2042:
2033:
933:
635:West Ukrainian National Republic
192:
180:
34:
3078:Czechoslovakia–Poland relations
2543:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
2533:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
2521:Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621
2474:Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618
2392:Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
2387:Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
2382:Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618
2370:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611
2365:Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629
2258:Władysław the White's rebellion
2245:Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
2230:Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)
2196:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
1854:United Nations Protection Force
1701:Axis invasion of Czechoslovakia
1492:War against Rudolf von Habsburg
664:A final line was set up at the
275:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
45:needs additional citations for
3038:Territorial disputes of Poland
2725:Greater Poland uprising (1848)
2516:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
2285:Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
1829:Czechoslovakia in the Gulf War
1297:(1956) 35#84 pp. 172–193
500:Czechoslovak offensive in 1919
214:– to Austrian Galicia/Poland;
1:
2632:Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
2600:Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
2273:1444 war against the Ottomans
2100:German–Polish War (1028–1031)
2090:German–Polish War (1003–1018)
2007:List of wars involving Poland
1422:Hungarian invasions of Europe
1392:War against Charles the Great
1315:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
1223:"Official text of the treaty"
1036:History of Poland (1918–1939)
733:Annexations by Poland in 1938
3033:Czechoslovakia–Poland border
2642:War of the Bar Confederation
2637:War of the Polish Succession
1876:Czech Afghanistan Contingent
1307:(1979), Vol. 18, pp 241–253.
1172:Irene Matasovsky Matuschak,
1093:Silesian University in Opava
1061:; Ryczkowski, Marek (1992).
3000:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2893:Częstochowa Ghetto uprising
2689:War of the Fourth Coalition
2341:campaign of Stephen Báthory
1924:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1905:Operation Unified Protector
1893:Multi-National Force – Iraq
1768:Israeli War of Independence
1610:1775 Czech peasant Uprising
1607:1680 Czech peasant Uprising
619:First Czechoslovak Republic
567:Polish–Soviet War (1919–21)
380:Třinec Iron and Steel Works
352:First Czechoslovak Republic
239:First Czechoslovak Republic
27:Conflicts from 1918 to 1958
3109:
2978:Operation Uphold Democracy
2713:War of the Sixth Coalition
2701:War of the Fifth Coalition
2647:Polish–Russian War of 1792
2022:Warfare in Medieval Poland
1997:History of the Polish Army
1684:Hungarian–Czechoslovak War
1450:Mongol invasion of Moravia
503:
482:Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer
433:declared its existence in
233:began in 1918 between the
156:Polish-Czechoslovak border
2901:
2888:Białystok Ghetto uprising
2833:
2718:French invasion of Russia
2577:
2419:
2399:Northern War of 1655–1660
2253:
2075:
2028:
1978:Polish wars and conflicts
1430:Saxon revolt of 1077–1088
1311:Jesenský, Marcel (2014).
1031:History of Czechoslovakia
1006:c) in the Slovak village
948:to the article's subject.
552:
399:Národní výbor pro Slezsko
372:Hungarian Soviet Republic
173:
139:
2806:Second Silesian Uprising
2123:1156 war against Germany
2120:1146 war against Germany
1418:campaign against Bohemia
1367:Czech wars and conflicts
1159:See, Stanley S.Seidner,
1087:Gawrecká, Marie (2004).
729:went to Czechoslovakia.
557:Greater Poland (1918–19)
271:Polish People's Republic
3093:Interwar Czechoslovakia
3005:Military aid to Ukraine
2816:Third Silesian Uprising
2784:First Silesian Uprising
2779:Polish–Czechoslovak War
2548:Battle of Chocim (1673)
2526:Battle of Chocim (1621)
1929:military aid to Ukraine
1721:Czech and Slovak Legion
1691:Sudeten German uprising
1669:Polish–Czechoslovak War
1580:Invasion of Passau Army
1507:Anti-Bohemian Coalition
1329:East European Quarterly
582:Upper Silesia (1919–21)
506:Polish–Czechoslovak War
3073:1958 in Czechoslovakia
3063:1919 in Czechoslovakia
3053:1918 in Czechoslovakia
2883:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2826:World War II in Poland
2486:Zebrzydowski rebellion
2469:Moldavian Magnate Wars
2436:Siege of Danzig (1577)
1900:First Libyan Civil War
1552:Bohemian–Hungarian War
1488:Bohemian-Hungarian War
1332:(1972) 6#3 pp 376–387.
1204:. britannica.com. 2009
1163:, New York, 1978, 134.
1019:
749:
650:Paris Peace Conference
615:Second Polish Republic
610:
544:Second Polish Republic
431:Spisz National Council
425:constituted itself in
364:Košice-Bohumín Railway
348:Second Polish Republic
235:Second Polish Republic
227:
219:
218:– to Hungary/Slovakia)
2988:2003 invasion of Iraq
2916:Operation Ostra Brama
2811:Polish–Lithuanian War
2625:Battle of Berestechko
2353:War against Sigismund
2127:Galicia–Volhynia Wars
1674:Železná Ruda uprising
1570:Little War in Hungary
1305:Jednota Annual Furdek
946:important or relevant
917:region, southeast of
819:First Slovak Republic
740:
660:Negotiations in 1920s
601:
572:Czechoslovakia (1919)
542:Establishment of the
334:from nearby Podhale.
225:
209:
2769:Polish–Ukrainian War
2620:Khmelnytsky Uprising
2183:Polish–Teutonic wars
1992:Early modern warfare
1459:Bohemia-Bavarian War
1398:Nitrian Principality
1323:(2000) 16#1 pp 46–63
1059:Zahradnik, Stanisław
953:improve this section
775:Władysław Bortnowski
470:Polish Tatra Society
439:Republic of Zakopane
354:claimed the area of
54:improve this article
2866:during World War II
2652:Kościuszko Uprising
2616:1644 Tatar Invasion
2590:Fedorovych uprising
2581:1624 Tatar Invasion
2508:Polish–Ottoman wars
2460:1593 Tatar Invasion
2452:1589 Tatar Invasion
2429:Battle of Lubieszów
2358:Battle of Stångebro
2328:Polish–Swedish wars
2235:Thirteen Years' War
2105:Miecław's Rebellion
2080:Polish–Veletian War
2017:Polish Armed Forces
1985:General and related
1637:Czechoslovak Legion
1543:Polish–Bohemian war
1263:. 9 September 2020.
1091:(in Czech). Opava:
676:with a substantial
3028:History of Silesia
2993:Occupation of Iraq
2973:War in Afghanistan
2850:Invasion of Poland
2745:fighting in Poland
2666:Poland partitioned
2612:Ostryanyn uprising
2464:Nalyvaiko Uprising
2411:Great Northern War
2375:Battle of Kircholm
2268:Battle of Grotniki
2240:War of the Priests
2213:Battle of Grunwald
1871:War in Afghanistan
1696:Capture of Zaolzie
1534:Hundred Years' War
1485:Hungarian Campaign
1478:Kingdom of Bohemia
1416:Louis the German's
1374:Slavic tribes and
830:General Government
789:First Vienna Award
750:
747:First Vienna Award
611:
332:Gazeta Zakopiańska
281:Before World War I
228:
220:
3015:
3014:
2950:Racibórz Conflict
2942:People's Republic
2936:
2935:
2911:Operation Tempest
2789:Polish–Soviet War
2730:November Uprising
2706:Austro-Polish War
2694:Prussian campaign
2660:
2659:
2555:Great Turkish War
2496:Battle of Humenné
2491:Thirty Years' War
2479:Battle of Kłuszyn
2456:Kosiński uprising
2446:Battle of Byczyna
2313:
2312:
2225:Gollub War (1422)
2220:Hunger War (1414)
2168:
2167:
2158:Battle of Legnica
2109:1072 war against
2085:Battle of Cedynia
1944:
1943:
1812:Angolan Civil War
1797:Uprising in Plzeň
1758:Racibórz Conflict
1657:Russian Civil War
1590:Thirty Years' War
1518:Holy Roman Empire
1383:War against Avars
982:came into force:
972:
971:
964:
711:League of Nations
595:
594:
562:Ukraine (1918–19)
370:'s revolutionary
342:After the end of
204:
203:
169:
168:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3100:
2906:Italian Campaign
2875:Ghetto uprisings
2862:, and
2831:
2794:Battle of Warsaw
2735:January Uprising
2674:Denisko uprising
2607:Pavlyuk uprising
2585:Zhmaylo uprising
2565:Battle of Vienna
2424:Danzig rebellion
2324:
2201:Battle of Płowce
2179:
2174:Jagiellon Poland
2136:Mongol invasions
2073:
2058:
2046:
2037:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1948:
1866:Unrest in Kosovo
1792:Merklín incident
1614:Czech Revolution
1575:Schmalkaldic War
1547:Crusade of Varna
1529:Polish-Czech War
1516:Double reign of
1512:Matthew III Csák
1497:Wenceslaus II.'s
1468:Prussian Crusade
1455:Prussian Crusade
1408:Duchy of Bohemia
1360:
1353:
1346:
1337:
1316:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1229:
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1212:
1210:
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1148:
1146:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1084:
1075:
1074:
1063:Korzenie Zaolzia
1055:
1017:
967:
960:
956:
937:
936:
929:
753:Munich Agreement
743:Munich Agreement
587:Lithuania (1920)
547:
546:
534:
527:
520:
511:
388:Austro-Hungarian
309:was situated in
217:
213:
197:
196:
185:
184:
141:
140:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
2959:
2932:
2926:Warsaw Uprising
2897:
2869:
2820:
2761:Second Republic
2755:
2679:Napoleonic Wars
2656:
2573:
2502:
2415:
2309:
2295:Battle of Orsha
2278:Battle of Varna
2249:
2164:
2131:
2116:Siege of Głogów
2062:
2061:
2050:
2026:
1980:
1975:
1945:
1940:
1835:
1643:
1618:
1594:
1585:Bohemian Revolt
1556:
1499:Polish Campaign
1472:
1402:
1369:
1364:
1310:
1288:
1286:Further reading
1283:
1282:
1277:. 15 June 2020.
1273:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1249:. 11 June 2020.
1245:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1205:
1202:"Dunajec River"
1200:
1199:
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1186:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1124:Watt 1998, 386.
1123:
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1103:
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993:
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987:
968:
957:
950:
938:
934:
927:
925:The present era
857:
815:
791:
755:
735:
704:Polish language
678:Polish minority
662:
623:Cieszyn Silesia
608:Cieszyn Silesia
596:
591:
548:
541:
540:
538:
508:
502:
476:established in
443:Stefan Żeromski
429:and pro-Polish
356:Cieszyn Silesia
340:
324:Polish language
315:Tatra Mountains
287:First World War
283:
247:Orava Territory
243:Cieszyn Silesia
215:
211:
191:
179:
157:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3068:1958 in Poland
3065:
3060:
3058:1919 in Poland
3055:
3050:
3048:1918 in Poland
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3007:
2997:
2996:
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2990:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2965:Third Republic
2961:
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2938:
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2834:
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2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2799:Kiev offensive
2796:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2752:
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2732:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2686:
2684:Peninsular War
2681:
2676:
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2250:
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2060:
2059:
2048:
2047:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1845:
1843:
1841:Czech Republic
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
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1777:
1776:
1775:
1765:
1760:
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1754:
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1748:
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1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
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1698:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1653:
1651:
1649:Czechoslovakia
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:Second Crusade
1437:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1317:
1308:
1301:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1266:
1252:
1238:
1214:
1193:
1179:
1165:
1152:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1101:
1095:. p. 21.
1076:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1013:
970:
969:
941:
939:
932:
926:
923:
856:
853:
845:Czechoslovakia
814:
811:
790:
787:
754:
751:
734:
731:
666:Spa Conference
661:
658:
593:
592:
590:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
553:
550:
549:
539:
537:
536:
529:
522:
514:
504:Main article:
501:
498:
494:Woodrow Wilson
360:Bohemian Crown
339:
336:
282:
279:
202:
201:
199:Czechoslovakia
189:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:
153:
149:
148:
145:
137:
136:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3105:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
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2976:
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2971:
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2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:Lwów uprising
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2864:contributions
2861:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2843:Eastern Front
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2750:
2749:Eastern Front
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2653:
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2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
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2633:
2630:
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2623:
2622:
2621:
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2615:
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2610:
2608:
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2601:
2598:
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2557:
2556:
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2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
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2536:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2505:
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2202:
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2171:
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2036:
2032:
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1953:
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71: –
70:
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65:Find sources:
59:
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49:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2854:Polish
2838:World War II
2595:Smolensk War
2336:Livonian War
2319:Commonwealth
2068:Piast Poland
2049:
1711:World War II
1539:Hussite Wars
1522:War against
1510:War against
1396:Conquest of
1327:
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1226:. Retrieved
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1145:19 September
1143:. Retrieved
1129:
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989:
985:
973:
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951:Please help
943:
904:
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896:
861:
858:
838:
816:
813:World War II
792:
783:Nazi Germany
779:
771:
756:
708:
684:Edvard Beneš
682:
663:
647:
631:
612:
604:Zebrzydowice
577:Sejny (1919)
473:
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420:
408:delimitation
398:
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331:
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284:
255:World War II
230:
229:
174:Belligerents
116:
110:January 2013
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2740:World War I
1802:Vietnam War
1763:Operation B
1632:World War I
1235:(in Polish)
892:Sudetenland
480:and led by
463:plebiscites
403:World War I
344:World War I
285:Before the
216:green parts
3022:Categories
2860:resistance
2404:The Deluge
1861:Kosovo War
1780:Korean War
1228:2007-09-26
1208:2009-04-01
1042:References
723:Suchá Hora
688:Nowa Biała
674:Trans-Olza
376:black coal
80:newspapers
2208:Great War
1624:1867–1918
1600:1648–1867
1562:1526–1648
1524:Louis IV.
1071:177389723
995:Republic.
911:Czorsztyn
855:Aftermath
834:Holocaust
823:supported
621:over the
212:red parts
147:1918–1958
2983:Iraq War
1912:Mali War
1888:Iraq War
1824:Gulf War
1299:in JSTOR
1139:Archived
1025:See also
1014:—
980:Slovakia
915:Niedzica
880:Kežmarok
841:Red Army
727:Hladovka
715:Javorina
700:Jabłonka
696:Niedzica
654:Javorina
625:area in
617:and the
447:Kežmarok
427:Jabłonka
390:census.
368:Béla Kun
319:folklore
273:and the
263:Racibórz
253:. After
152:Location
2858:,
2856:history
2747:on the
2111:Bohemia
1008:Skalité
907:Dunajec
807:Skalité
803:Pieniny
801:in the
799:Lesnica
759:Bohumín
670:Belgium
648:At the
643:Entente
639:Galicia
627:Silesia
451:Entente
303:Podhale
267:Germany
259:Kłodzko
94:scholar
1099:
1069:
976:Poland
919:Kraków
876:Poprad
849:clergy
763:Soviet
692:Jurgów
490:Lendak
478:Kraków
459:Poprad
416:Warsaw
412:Prague
307:Gorals
299:Gorals
187:Poland
162:Result
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
874:near
864:Orava
795:Spisz
719:Ždiar
486:Rabča
455:Orava
311:Čadca
295:Orava
289:both
101:JSTOR
87:books
1147:2023
1097:ISBN
1067:OCLC
978:and
944:not
913:and
872:Svit
868:Spiš
866:and
817:The
745:and
725:and
717:and
694:and
414:and
350:and
293:and
291:Spiš
261:and
251:Spiš
249:and
237:and
144:Date
73:news
894:).
668:in
56:by
3024::
1079:^
1050:^
921:.
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117:(
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98:·
91:·
84:·
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50:.
20:)
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