170:
specification of fault. It is possible that archbishop had raised Henry's ire in the preceding legation by questioning the piety of
Raymond of Toulouse, who had called in the Cistercians for aid against heresy, but who was an enemy of Pons close ally, Ermengard of Narbonne. Or perhaps he had been too closely aligned with Ermengard's ally, Roger of Carcassonne, to whom the papal legates took great offence. Whatever the case, not only Pons, but also three archdeacons and the sacristan were removed from the church of Narbonne and
169:
In 1181, Henry of Marcy returned as legate to
Languedoc and this time deposed Pons from his archdiocese. The exact reasons for his deposition are not known, though a thirteenth-century Cistercian chronicle from Clairvaux says that he was "ineffective and blameworthy", but such a statement lacks any
70:, and most of the citizens of Albi and Lombers were present and the decision of the council in favour of orthodoxy is still preserved. The judges of the council had been decided upon by representatives of both the Cathars and the Catholics and the latter had been forced to agree to argue solely on
130:
which was sent to fight
Catharism and those lords of Languedoc who supported it or refused to actively campaign against it, among other perceived persecutors of the Church. Pons was the only member of the legation who came from the region to which it was sent and he was therefore most intimately
93:
abandoned their vows and their monastery to marry and the archbishop was unable to compel them to return without papal interference, which was probably ineffectual as well. In 1173, both Pons and
413:
108:
by
Ermengard of Narbonne "for his fidelity and service." Pons was a close ally of Ermengard and they shared, on very amicable terms, the lordship in the city of Narbonne.
111:
In 1178, Pons was part of a mission appointed by the kings of
England and France, made up of the papal legate, Cardinal Peter of S. Crisogono, the Cistercian abbot of
199:
408:
218:
101:
for aid against, in Pons' words, "the oppression of heretics" which put "the ship of Saint Peter ... in danger of sinking."
209:
147:
127:
138:. Upon his return, in accordance with the twenty-seventh canon of III Lateran, he pronounced excommunication on
143:
20:
139:
135:
94:
32:
50:, to deal with the spreading Catharism in his archdiocese, largely in response to the council held at
119:
39:
98:
81:. However, the power and influence of the heretics was so demoralising to the faithful that some
67:
55:
195:
155:
206:"Hirelings and Shepherds: Archbishop Berenguer of Narbonne (1191-1211) and the Ideal Bishop."
105:
171:
112:
123:
115:
402:
71:
23:
from 1162 until 1181. He was archbishop at an important time in the history of
86:
82:
78:
28:
151:
77:
In 1166, Pons solemnly confirmed the decision of
Lombers at a council in
58:. The council was a public debate between Cathars (who called themselves
24:
205:
159:
43:
150:. The twenty seventh canon prohibited the use of mercenaries, such as
222:. Vol. 1. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1888.
163:
104:
In 1176, Pons was granted all the vicecomital rights in the town of
51:
90:
47:
66:) and orthodox Catholic delegates. Constance, daughter of
192:
The
Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade
35:
denounced the local religious way of life as heretical.
213:, Vol. 116, No. 469. (Nov., 2001), pp 1083–1102.
185:
Ermengard of
Narbonne and the World of the Troubadours
367:, 1090, translates it "useless and reprehensible."
346:
344:
219:A History of the Inquisition in the Middle Ages
375:
373:
308:
306:
304:
302:
174:described it as "deprived of all personnel."
8:
414:12th-century French Roman Catholic bishops
187:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001.
252:
250:
248:
238:
236:
232:
194:. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2005.
7:
38:In 1165, Pons called a council (or
14:
1:
210:The English Historical Review
352:The Southern French Nobility
323:The Southern French Nobility
294:The Southern French Nobility
128:Garin, Archbishop of Bourges
31:in general; a time when the
430:
134:In 1179, he attended the
409:Archbishops of Narbonne
390:Hirelings and Shepherds
365:Hirelings and Shepherds
336:Hirelings and Shepherds
148:Bernard Ato VI of Nîmes
144:Roger II of Carcassonne
131:aware of its politics.
97:sent separate pleas to
204:Graham-Leigh, Elaine.
190:Graham-Leigh, Elaine.
21:Archbishop of Narbonne
183:Cheyette, Fredric L.
140:Raymond V of Toulouse
136:Third Lateran Council
95:Ermengard of Narbonne
33:Roman Catholic Church
216:Lea, Henry Charles.
120:Jean des Bellesmains
99:Louis VII of France
68:Louis VI of France
56:Pope Alexander III
421:
393:
386:
380:
377:
368:
361:
355:
348:
339:
332:
326:
319:
313:
310:
297:
290:
284:
281:
275:
272:
266:
263:
257:
254:
243:
240:
429:
428:
424:
423:
422:
420:
419:
418:
399:
398:
397:
396:
387:
383:
378:
371:
362:
358:
349:
342:
333:
329:
320:
316:
311:
300:
291:
287:
282:
278:
273:
269:
264:
260:
255:
246:
241:
234:
229:
180:
172:Pope Lucius III
12:
11:
5:
427:
425:
417:
416:
411:
401:
400:
395:
394:
388:Graham-Leigh,
381:
379:Cheyette, 320.
369:
363:Graham-Leigh,
356:
350:Graham-Leigh,
340:
334:Graham-Leigh,
327:
321:Graham-Leigh,
314:
312:Cheyette, 319.
298:
292:Graham-Leigh,
285:
283:Cheyette, 308.
276:
274:Cheyette, 133.
267:
265:Cheyette, 288.
258:
244:
231:
230:
228:
225:
224:
223:
214:
202:
188:
179:
176:
124:Peter of Pavia
116:Henry of Marcy
54:in 1163 under
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
426:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
404:
391:
385:
382:
376:
374:
370:
366:
360:
357:
353:
347:
345:
341:
337:
331:
328:
324:
318:
315:
309:
307:
305:
303:
299:
295:
289:
286:
280:
277:
271:
268:
262:
259:
253:
251:
249:
245:
239:
237:
233:
226:
221:
220:
215:
212:
211:
207:
203:
201:
200:1-84383-129-5
197:
193:
189:
186:
182:
181:
177:
175:
173:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
109:
107:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
72:New Testament
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
389:
384:
364:
359:
351:
335:
330:
322:
317:
293:
288:
279:
270:
261:
217:
208:
191:
184:
168:
133:
110:
103:
76:
64:bos Crestias
63:
59:
37:
17:Pons d'Arsac
16:
15:
296:, 105 n117.
85:monks from
403:Categories
87:Villemagne
83:Cistercian
256:Lea, 119.
242:Lea, 118.
164:Aragonese
156:coterills
113:Clairvaux
79:Capestang
74:grounds.
60:bos-homes
29:Languedoc
160:bascules
152:routiers
40:colloquy
25:Narbonne
19:was the
392:, 1090.
338:, 1088.
178:Sources
106:Ferrals
46:, near
44:Lombers
198:
162:, and
146:, and
126:, and
354:, 96.
325:, 75.
227:Notes
89:near
52:Tours
42:) at
196:ISBN
91:Agde
48:Albi
27:and
62:or
405::
372:^
343:^
301:^
247:^
235:^
166:.
158:,
154:,
142:,
122:,
118:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.