Knowledge (XXG)

Positive and negative parts

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are non-negative functions. A peculiarity of terminology is that the 'negative part' is neither negative nor a part (like the imaginary part of a
462:{\displaystyle f^{-}(x)=\max(-f(x),0)=-\min(f(x),0)={\begin{cases}-f(x)&{\text{ if }}f(x)<0\\0&{\text{ otherwise}}\end{cases}}} 1084: 1065: 1046: 1120: 927: 189:{\displaystyle f^{+}(x)=\max(f(x),0)={\begin{cases}f(x)&{\text{ if }}f(x)>0\\0&{\text{ otherwise.}}\end{cases}}} 19: 1013: 562: 511: 1001: 918:, being the sum of two measurable functions. The converse, though, does not necessarily hold: for example, taking 54: 1023: 735:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}f^{+}&={\frac {|f|+f}{2}}\\f^{-}&={\frac {|f|-f}{2}}.\end{aligned}}} 1018: 856: 58: 395: 125: 896: 199: 996:
for a real-valued function. Analogously to this decomposition of a function, one may decompose a
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One may define the positive and negative part of any function with values in a
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Using these two equations one may express the positive and negative parts as
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The positive part and negative part of a function are used to define the
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is not measurable, but its absolute value is, being a constant function.
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its positive and negative parts are. Therefore, if such a function
18: 1079:(2nd ed.). Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society. 455: 182: 930: 754: 626: 565: 514: 301: 261: 235: 208: 67: 1041:(Rev. ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. 965: 845: 734: 610: 549: 461: 274: 241: 221: 188: 1000:into positive and negative parts — see the 360: 324: 90: 1060:. Singapore; River Edge, NJ: World Scientific. 8: 1056:Hunter, John K; Nachtergaele, Bruno (2001). 1077:An introduction to measure and integration 950: 941: 929: 802: 763: 755: 753: 708: 700: 697: 684: 659: 651: 648: 635: 627: 625: 599: 586: 574: 566: 564: 538: 525: 513: 447: 415: 390: 306: 300: 266: 260: 234: 213: 207: 174: 142: 120: 72: 66: 908:is measurable, so is its absolute value 1039:Lebesgue integration on Euclidean space 966:{\displaystyle f=1_{V}-{\frac {1}{2}},} 16:Decomposition of real-valued functions 7: 889:, an extended real-valued function 229:is obtained by taking the graph of 744:Another representation, using the 487:is neither imaginary nor a part). 249:, chopping off the part under the 14: 611:{\displaystyle |f|=f^{+}+f^{-}.} 23:Positive and Negative Parts of 830: 818: 788: 776: 709: 701: 660: 652: 575: 567: 550:{\displaystyle f=f^{+}-f^{-}.} 429: 423: 410: 404: 384: 375: 369: 363: 351: 342: 336: 327: 318: 312: 156: 150: 137: 131: 114: 105: 99: 93: 84: 78: 1: 496:can be expressed in terms of 874:Measure-theoretic properties 866:is the positive part of the 1014:Rectifier (neural networks) 282:take the value zero there. 1137: 1002:Hahn decomposition theorem 61:is defined by the formula 1024:Real and imaginary parts 1121:Elementary mathematics 1075:Rana, Inder K (2002). 1019:Even and odd functions 967: 857:linearly ordered group 847: 736: 612: 551: 463: 276: 243: 223: 190: 38: 1037:Jones, Frank (2001). 968: 848: 737: 613: 552: 464: 277: 275:{\displaystyle f^{+}} 244: 224: 222:{\displaystyle f^{+}} 191: 22: 928: 752: 624: 563: 512: 299: 259: 233: 206: 65: 983:, it is clear that 255:-axis, and letting 963: 843: 841: 732: 730: 608: 547: 459: 454: 272: 239: 219: 186: 181: 39: 994:Lebesgue integral 958: 868:identity function 723: 674: 450: 418: 242:{\displaystyle f} 198:Intuitively, the 177: 145: 1128: 1090: 1071: 1058:Applied analysis 1052: 988: 978: 972: 970: 969: 964: 959: 951: 946: 945: 923: 917: 915: 907: 894: 888: 880:measurable space 852: 850: 849: 844: 842: 807: 806: 768: 767: 741: 739: 738: 733: 731: 724: 719: 712: 704: 698: 689: 688: 675: 670: 663: 655: 649: 640: 639: 617: 615: 614: 609: 604: 603: 591: 590: 578: 570: 556: 554: 553: 548: 543: 542: 530: 529: 507: 501: 495: 482: 476: 468: 466: 465: 460: 458: 457: 451: 448: 419: 416: 311: 310: 294: 281: 279: 278: 273: 271: 270: 254: 248: 246: 245: 240: 228: 226: 225: 220: 218: 217: 195: 193: 192: 187: 185: 184: 178: 176: otherwise. 175: 146: 143: 77: 76: 37: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1111: 1110: 1098: 1093: 1087: 1074: 1068: 1055: 1049: 1036: 1032: 1010: 984: 974: 937: 926: 925: 919: 911: 909: 903: 890: 882: 876: 840: 839: 808: 798: 795: 794: 769: 759: 750: 749: 746:Iverson bracket 729: 728: 699: 690: 680: 677: 676: 650: 641: 631: 622: 621: 595: 582: 561: 560: 559:Also note that 534: 521: 510: 509: 503: 497: 491: 478: 472: 471:Note that both 453: 452: 449: otherwise 445: 439: 438: 413: 391: 302: 297: 296: 295:is defined as 290: 285:Similarly, the 262: 257: 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269: 265: 238: 216: 212: 183: 173: 171: 168: 167: 164: 161: 158: 155: 152: 149: 144: if  141: 139: 136: 133: 130: 127: 126: 124: 119: 116: 113: 110: 107: 104: 101: 98: 95: 92: 89: 86: 83: 80: 75: 71: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1133: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1107: 1103: 1102:Positive part 1100: 1099: 1095: 1088: 1086:0-8218-2974-2 1082: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1067:981-02-4191-7 1063: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1048:0-7637-1708-8 1044: 1040: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1007: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 990: 987: 982: 977: 960: 955: 952: 947: 942: 938: 934: 931: 922: 914: 906: 901: 898: 893: 886: 881: 873: 871: 869: 865: 864:ramp function 860: 858: 853: 836: 833: 827: 824: 821: 815: 812: 810: 803: 799: 791: 785: 782: 779: 773: 771: 764: 760: 747: 742: 725: 720: 716: 713: 705: 694: 692: 685: 681: 671: 667: 664: 656: 645: 643: 636: 632: 618: 605: 600: 596: 592: 587: 583: 579: 571: 557: 544: 539: 535: 531: 526: 522: 518: 515: 506: 500: 494: 490:The function 488: 486: 481: 475: 469: 442: 435: 432: 426: 420: 407: 401: 398: 392: 387: 381: 378: 372: 366: 357: 354: 348: 345: 339: 333: 330: 321: 315: 307: 303: 293: 288: 287:negative part 283: 267: 263: 253: 236: 214: 210: 201: 196: 169: 162: 159: 153: 147: 134: 128: 122: 117: 111: 108: 102: 96: 87: 81: 73: 69: 60: 56: 55:extended real 52: 48: 47:positive part 44: 35: 31: 27: 21: 1076: 1057: 1038: 991: 985: 975: 920: 912: 904: 891: 884: 877: 861: 854: 743: 619: 558: 504: 498: 492: 489: 479: 473: 470: 291: 286: 284: 251: 197: 46: 40: 33: 29: 25: 43:mathematics 1030:References 981:Vitali set 897:measurable 1106:MathWorld 948:− 862:The unit 816:− 804:− 714:− 686:− 601:− 540:− 532:− 399:− 358:− 331:− 308:− 1115:Category 1008:See also 878:Given a 59:function 57:-valued 1083:  1064:  1045:  973:where 916:| 910:| 45:, the 979:is a 200:graph 49:of a 1081:ISBN 1062:ISBN 1043:ISBN 887:, Σ) 825:< 783:> 502:and 477:and 433:< 160:> 51:real 32:) = 1104:on 924:as 895:is 748:is 508:as 361:min 325:max 289:of 202:of 91:max 53:or 41:In 36:− 4 1117:: 1004:. 870:. 859:. 1089:. 1070:. 1051:. 986:f 976:V 961:, 956:2 953:1 943:V 939:1 935:= 932:f 921:f 913:f 905:f 892:f 885:X 883:( 837:. 834:f 831:] 828:0 822:f 819:[ 813:= 800:f 792:f 789:] 786:0 780:f 777:[ 774:= 765:+ 761:f 726:. 721:2 717:f 710:| 706:f 702:| 695:= 682:f 672:2 668:f 665:+ 661:| 657:f 653:| 646:= 637:+ 633:f 606:. 597:f 593:+ 588:+ 584:f 580:= 576:| 572:f 568:| 545:. 536:f 527:+ 523:f 519:= 516:f 505:f 499:f 493:f 480:f 474:f 443:0 436:0 430:) 427:x 424:( 421:f 411:) 408:x 405:( 402:f 393:{ 388:= 385:) 382:0 379:, 376:) 373:x 370:( 367:f 364:( 355:= 352:) 349:0 346:, 343:) 340:x 337:( 334:f 328:( 322:= 319:) 316:x 313:( 304:f 292:f 268:+ 264:f 252:x 237:f 215:+ 211:f 170:0 163:0 157:) 154:x 151:( 148:f 138:) 135:x 132:( 129:f 123:{ 118:= 115:) 112:0 109:, 106:) 103:x 100:( 97:f 94:( 88:= 85:) 82:x 79:( 74:+ 70:f 34:x 30:x 28:( 26:f

Index


mathematics
real
extended real
function
graph
complex number
Iverson bracket
linearly ordered group
ramp function
identity function
measurable space
measurable
if and only if
Vitali set
Lebesgue integral
signed measure
Hahn decomposition theorem
Rectifier (neural networks)
Even and odd functions
Real and imaginary parts
ISBN
0-7637-1708-8
ISBN
981-02-4191-7
ISBN
0-8218-2974-2
Positive part
MathWorld
Category

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