222:'s work in the field of Jewish-Christian relations was galvanized when Pope John XXIII called for a revitalization of the Catholic Church in the form of the Ecumenical Council in 1961. At the time, Rabbi Tanenbaum was Director of Interreligious Affairs at the American Jewish Committee. He supervised an initiative which addressed the negative portrayal of Judaism in Catholic textbooks and in the liturgy. It included concrete steps to alleviate tensions and reduce prejudice. He worked alongside Jewish philanthropist
80:, Roncalli forwarded a request for the Vatican to inquire whether other neutral countries could grant asylum to Jews, to inform the German government that the Palestine Jewish Agency had 5,000 immigration certificates available and to ask Vatican Radio to broadcast that helping Jews was an act of mercy approved by the Church. In 1944, Roncalli used diplomatic couriers, papal representatives and the
150:. On 17 March 1962, he stopped his car when he saw people exiting the synagogue in Rome and blessed them in the morning. A rabbi described the scene: "after a moment of understandable bewilderment, the Jews surrounded him and applauded him enthusiastically. It was in fact the first time in history that a pope had blessed Jews and it was perhaps the first real gesture of reconciliation".
195:
Let us pray also for the Jews: that almighty God may remove the veil from their hearts; so that they too may acknowledge Jesus Christ our Lord. Let us pray. Almighty and eternal God, who dost also not exclude from thy mercy the Jews: hear our prayers, which we offer for the blindness of that people;
137:
Pope John XXIII made several gestures to demonstrate his sympathetic feelings for the Jewish community. He sent a message to the Chief Rabbi of Israel announcing his election, even though the Holy See did not recognize the State of Israel. On 17 October 1960, he met with a delegation of 130 American
208:
In a related action, Pope John in 1960 modified the language used in baptizing adults, removing the warning against returning to one's earlier religious faith, with texts available for a pagan, Muslim, Jew, and heretical
Christian. In the case of a Jewish convert the text was: "You should abhor
251:("In Our Age"), which declared of Christ's death: "what happened in his passion cannot be charged against all the Jews, without distinction, then alive, nor against the Jews of today". He further added that "the Jews should not be presented as rejected or accursed by God."
204:
in April 1963. When the canon reciting the eight prayers included the word "perfidis" during the Prayer for the Jews, the seventh prayer, the Pope signaled for the liturgy to stop and then had the sequence of prayers repeated from the beginning with the word omitted.
28:
producing a document on the relationship between the
Catholic Church and the Jews. During his earlier career in the diplomatic service, especially during World War II, he had taken a series of actions that demonstrated his solidarity with victims of anti-Semitism.
84:
to transport and issue baptismal certificates, immigration certificates and visas, many of them forged, to
Hungarian Jews. A dispatch dated 16 August 1944 from Roncalli to the papal nuncio to Hungary illustrates the intensity of "Operation Baptism".
196:
that acknowledging the light of thy Truth, which is Christ, they may be delivered from their darkness. Through the same our Lord Jesus Christ, who liveth and reigneth with thee in the unity of the Holy Spirit, God, for ever and ever. Amen.
301:
Although Pope John XXIII was generally popular with Jews, he did not publicly recognize the State of Israel, essentially because of issues surrounding Church properties and support for post-1948 refugees, as explained in the document
97:), chief rabbi of Jerusalem. Herzog asked him to intercede for 55,000 Jews interned in Romania, another Axis ally. Though Roncalli notified Rome, only 750 Jewish refugees – 250 of them orphans – were saved when their ship arrived in
271:
to write the "Decree on the Jews", which was completed in
November 1961. The first draft document essentially went nowhere, never having been submitted to the Council, which opened on 11 October 1962.
142:. He greeted them with words from the Bible "I am Joseph your brother" to establish that he and they were starting a new relationship despite what may have passed between Catholics and Jews before, as
209:
Hebrew perfidy and reject Hebrew superstition." The modification was made because Pope John wanted "to emphasize everything that unites and to remove anything that unduly divides believers in God".
45:
to France from 1944 to 1953. The extent to which he acted independently or at the direction of the
Vatican is disputed, a question that plays a part in the debate over the role of
574:
700:
287:. Although John XXIII had already died when the statement was passed, it is generally thought to be strongly influenced by the late Pope's teachings.
57:
651:
177:
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21:
283:'s document on interfaith relations. Passed by a vote of 2,221 to 88 of the assembled bishops, it was promulgated on 28 October 1965, by
81:
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471:
422:
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329:
spoke in mourning of the deceased
Pontiff, defining his death as a "A loss that saddens all those who seek peace and human love".
41:, including stints in Bulgaria from 1925 to 1934, Apostolic Delegate to both Greece and Turkey from 1934 to 1944, and ending as
159:
20:
are generally thought to have been among the best in the bi-millennial history of
Christianity. The Pope initiated a policy of
296:
184:", expressing contempt for the Jews even as the Church prayed for their conversion, and the Vatican in the late 1940s under
113:, a reluctant Axis ally, Roncalli used the Red Cross to save thousands of Slovakian Jews who had been deported to Bulgaria.
180:
in the Good Friday liturgy. This word had long been an object of complaint as it was commonly translated with the cognate "
77:
65:
580:
126:
37:
Before becoming pope, Angelo
Roncalli, later John XXIII, held a series of posts in the diplomatic service of the
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25:
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This misunderstanding is based on an inadequate understanding of medieval Latin. In classical Latin,
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John XXIII demonstrated his commitment to the change in language during the Good Friday service in
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did have a meaning similar to its present
English analogue, derived as it was from the phrase
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or "Decree on the Jews", was the working name given to the series of draft documents of the
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had advised that the word was more correctly translated as "faithless" or "non-believing".
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527:, "to deceive through trust." However, by late antiquity and the early Middle Ages,
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has at times been re-evaluated in the context of the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
284:
264:
242:
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361:
The Chief Rabbi, the Pope, and the Holocaust: An Era in Vatican-Jewish Relations
317:
His positive attitude was the cause of gratitude among the Jewish people: the
61:
701:"Declaration on the relation of the church to non-christian religions —
50:
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which led to groundbreaking progress in the Church's relations with Jews.
38:
68:", an honor reserved for non-Jews who helped Jews during the Holocaust.
456:"Heir or Orphan? Theological Evolution and Devolution before and after
42:
495:"Jews Throughout World Pray for Pope John; Send Messages to Vatican"
414:
Crown of Thorns: The Reign of King Boris III of Bulgaria, 1918-1943
165:
53:. He at times relayed information and at other times intervened.
553:(Second ed.). University of Chicago Press. p. 181n5.
24:
after his election to the papacy in 1959, which focused on the
93:
In February 1944, Roncalli met twice with Rabbi Isaac Herzog (
579:(Typical ed.). 1962. pp. 173–174. Archived from
547:"Bede: The Ecclesiastical History of the English People"
245:'s study to draft portions of the 1965 Vatican document
56:
For his actions during the 1930s and 1940s, in 2011 the
385:
Eurnekian, Eduardo; Tenembaum, Baruch (3 June 2013).
635:
466:. Eugene, Oregon: Wipf & Stock. p. 309.
638:The Catholic Church and the Holocaust: 1930-1965
127:return baptized Jewish orphans to their parents
8:
64:museum to recognize Roncalli as one of the "
58:International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation
350:
729:
718:
603:"Pope Halts Prayer, Bars Slur to Jews"
125:, Roncalli ignored a directive not to
164:In 1959, Pope John XXIII removed the
7:
642:. Indiana University Press. p.
444:Jerusalem Report, (7 February 2005).
144:Joseph reconciled with his brothers
14:
668:"Vatican Changes Converts' Rites"
612:. Associated Press. 13 April 1963
746:Laclal V'elaprat, part 1, p. 439
191:The prayer was revised to read:
160:Good Friday prayer for the Jews
154:Good Friday Prayer for the Jews
22:Christian–Jewish reconciliation
545:Harrington, K.P., ed. (1997).
454:Procario-Foley, Elena (2005).
417:. Madison Books. p. 330.
358:Sillanpoa, Wallace P. (1991).
1:
535:simply meant the opposite of
464:Vatican II: Forty Years Later
462:. In Madges, William (ed.).
82:Sisters of Our Lady of Zion
78:Raoul Wallenberg Foundation
66:Righteous Among the Nations
18:Pope John XXIII and Judaism
784:
411:Groueff, Stephane (1987).
294:
176:) from the prayer for the
157:
499:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
297:Holy See–Israel relations
267:had been commissioned by
138:Jews associated with the
768:Views of Judaism by pope
728:Cite journal requires
305:In multiplicibus curis
281:Second Vatican Council
261:Second Vatican Council
235:Second Vatican Council
178:conversion of the Jews
173:
26:Second Vatican Council
16:The relations between
291:Relations with Israel
239:Cardinal Augustin Bea
111:Boris III of Bulgaria
105:Slovakia and Bulgaria
95:Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog
387:"Good Pope 'Joseph'"
202:St. Peter's Basilica
140:United Jewish Appeal
699:(28 October 1965).
256:Decretum de Iudaeis
525:per fidem decipere
226:in this endeavor.
653:978-0-253-21471-3
583:on 28 August 2008
308:. His encyclical
220:Marc H. Tanenbaum
123:Nuncio for France
109:With the help of
76:According to the
33:Diplomatic career
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148:Book of Genesis
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60:petitioned the
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323:rishon le'zion
295:Main article:
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229:In 1962, when
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501:. 3 June 1963
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458:Nostra Aetate
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721:cite journal
709:. Retrieved
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614:. Retrieved
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581:the original
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339:Mortara case
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681:18 January
616:13 January
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479:17 January
430:16 January
396:17 January
345:References
182:perfidious
62:Yad Vashem
241:used Dr.
99:Palestine
51:Holocaust
634:(2000).
533:perfidia
529:perfidus
521:perfidus
333:See also
174:perfidis
39:Holy See
587:25 July
541:fidelis
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133:Papacy
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166:Latin
734:help
713:2008
683:2018
648:ISBN
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