304:
30:
664:
764:
creation of the law. Regarding revocation, this results from the demonstration of a new will from the legislator against the previous will. The revocation can be partial (with only some dispositions of the old law being revoked by the new one) or total (with the revocation of the whole old law). The revocation can also be classified either as express (when a new law expressly declares the revocation of an old one) or as tacit (when it results from the incompatibility of the dispositions of a new law with the dispositions of an old one).
1286:
influences, the Law of Brazil continued to be very influenced by the Law of
Portugal, given the cultural affinities between the two countries, the high number of Portuguese residents in Brazil and also the fact that many Brazilian jurists received their training in law in the University of Coimbra. The Portuguese Ordinances of 1606 continued to be the frame of the civil law of Brazil until 1916, when the first Brazilian Civil Code entered in force. This Code was based in the German Civil Code (
1416:
years. In the last years before the handover, the
Portuguese Administration initiated a process of improving the Law of Macau, creating specific laws for the territory, although still very influenced by the Portuguese Law. One of the most important of these is the Macau Civil Code—an improvement of the Portuguese Civil Code of 1966, including a Chinese official version—that became in force in the last year of the Portuguese Administration.
1480:
1471:). As a provisional measure, the Indonesian law was kept in force after the independence of Timor-Leste in 2002, this being gradually replaced by Timorese own laws. The new Timorese law about the commercial societies of 2004 is very influenced by the Portuguese Code of Commercial Societies of 1986. In 2011, the Indonesian Civil Code was replaced by the new Civil Code of Timor-Leste, which is based in the Portuguese Civil Code of 1966.
441:
121:(1976, as amended), the Civil Code (1966, as amended), the Penal Code (1982, as amended), the Labor Code (2003, as amended) and the Commercial Societies Code (1986, as amended). The Commercial Code (1888, as amended) and the Administrative Code (1945, as amended) used to have a high importance in the past, but are now largely obsolete and partially replaced by new legislation.
734:, it then being sent to be promulgated. The President can also veto the Government bills, in which case the Government has the options of either archiving them, changing them or sending them to the Assembly of the Republic as a proposal of law. After being promulgated, the decree-laws also enter in force after being published in the
303:
566:) by the Indonesian Civil Code (itself based in the Dutch Civil Code of 1838) when Indonesia annexed this country in 1976, following its invasion in the previous year. After regaining independence in 2002, Timor-Leste adopted its own Civil Code in 2011, which follows closely the Portuguese Code of 1966.
649:
that impelled
Portugal to European Union-International Monetary Fund state bailout, many reforms were put in place and measures to cut down costs and increase productivity were enforced across the entire public service. The number of district courts were slashed to 23 from 320, pooling their work in
1328:
in 1974 are still in force. The
Portuguese Civil Code of 1966 is still in force with some alterations. In the matter of commercial law however, the Law of Guinea-Bissau is becoming increasingly influenced by the law resulting from the Treaty of Harmonization of the Commercial Law in Africa of 1993,
1233:
Portugal was a pioneer in the approach to the drug abuse as a health issue, instead of the traditional criminal approach, implementing a new drug legislation in July 2001 that largely decriminalized drug use. In the world, the
Portuguese drug policy and legislation is being used as a case study for
570:
continued under
Portuguese administration until 1999 and, in this last this year, replaced the Code of 1966 by its own Civil Code which effectively amounts to a revision of the previous Code, prepared under the influence of Portuguese jurists, especially from the Faculty of Law of the University of
520:
The second and current Civil Code was established on 25 November 1966, entering in force on 1 June 1967. It is referred as the "Civil Code of 1966" or as the "Vaz Serra's Code" in honor to
Adriano Vaz Serra, who presided the commission that created it. This new Code followed the model of the German
1556:
In the 1990s, the offer of law degrees in
Portugal became widespread across the entire country through both public and private university institutions. By 2010, lower selectiveness and academic integrity levels, including in law schools previously known for its reputation and prestige, debased the
628:
vacancies for new law students across the whole country year after year, together with lower admission selectivity and a downgrade of academic integrity. Already internationally known for decades as excruciatingly slow and inefficient for
European Union and USA standards, Portugal's justice system
1285:
until its independence in 1822. After the independence, the
Portuguese laws continued in force, gradually being supplemented or amended by the laws of the Empire of Brazil and latter by the Brazilian republican laws. Although already separate, having an independent development and receiving other
695:
issued by the Assembly and on matters for which it is authorized to legislate by the Assembly (under a legislative authorization). All other matters must be legislated by the Assembly, including some reserved matters regarding which no legislative authorization can be given to the Government. The
1415:
was under Portuguese administration until 1999, with the general Portuguese laws being applied to that territory. The agreements between Portugal and China regarding the handover of the administration of Macau state that the Portuguese legal system would continue in force in the territory for 50
1266:
until its independence in 1975. Many Portuguese laws effective before 1975 are still in force, namely the Portuguese Civil Code of 1966 with changes made in some matters. The new commercial law created after the reestablishment of the market economy in Angola is also still very influenced by the
1237:
The new legislation maintained the status of illegality for using or possessing any drug for personal use without authorization. However, the offense was changed from a criminal one, with prison as a possible punishment, to an administrative one if the amount possessed was no more than ten days'
484:
Although formally in force for 100 years, the Code of 1867 suffered many modifications during its history. These included the amendments made since the beginning of the 20th century in order to tilt the Portuguese civil law towards the approach of the German legal system, by the influence of the
1381:
The Portuguese legal system was maintained after the occupation, although rapidly becoming altered by the influence of the English common law applied in the rest of India. This process was accelerated by the forced cut of relations with Portugal and the restrictions to the use of the Portuguese
699:
The legislative process is led either by the Assembly of the Republic, by the Government or by the legislative assemblies of the autonomous regions, depending on the matter to be legislated and the corresponding respective competence of each body. The ordinary laws issued by the Assembly of the
763:
Portuguese laws can lose their effectiveness either by expiry or by revocation. The expiry can result from a clause in the own law (saying that the law is only effective during a given time or while a given situation occurs) or can result from the disappearance of the cause that originated the
703:
The process of creation of the laws of the Assembly of the Republic starts with a bill either proposed by members of parliament (named "projects of law") or by the Government (named "proposals of law"). If approved by the Assembly, the bill starts to be designated "decree" and is sent for the
716:
it with a political or legal justification. The veto can be exceeded if the bill is voted and approved by of more than two-thirds of the members of parliament, in which case the President is obliged to promulgate it. After the promulgation, the act is sent to the Government for a ministerial
1316:, many of the Portuguese laws effective before its independence in 1975 are still in force. Namely, with some alterations, are still in force the Portuguese Civil Code of 1966 and the Commercial Code of 1888. New Cape Verde laws continue to be very influenced by the Portuguese law.
1292:
or BGB), what coincided with a trend that was also being followed in Portugal of an approach to the Germanistic system of law. The present Brazilian Civil Code is that of 2002, being also inspired in the BGB, but also with a marked influence from the Portuguese Civil Code of 1966.
1650:""Bater-me-ei com todas as minhas forças contra o facilitismo e bater-me-ei pela dignificação desta profissão. Queremos escolher os melhores e não os maus licenciados que tiram os cursos quase por correspondência ou porque pagam propinas", garantiu na ocasião."
696:
legislative function reserved for the bodies of self-government of the autonomous regions is assured by their respective regional legislative assemblies, in the conditions defined by the Constitution and the political and administrative statute of each region.
57:(however, Scandinavian legal systems are often counted as such, despite the former not penetrating in influence, as opposed to local North Germanic customary law). As such, it has many common features with the legal systems found in most of the countries in
623:
The sharp increase of the number of lawyers and judicial state-employees throughout the following decades did not produce increased efficiency in the legal system. The proliferation of both private and public law schools created a massive increase of
1204:
countries in the world, with many pro-LGBT legislation and bans on LGBT discrimination, including one of the few Constitutions in the world that protects on grounds of sexual orientation. As examples, LGBT are allowed to serve openly in the
334:
This strength allowed the centralization of power and an increase of legal authority of the central State. One of the expressions of this authority was the creation of compilations of laws in use in the Kingdom referred as the "Ordinances"
147:
recognized Portuguese de facto sovereignty—the kingdom's political power was that of a "Warrior-State" that neither could, nor did, direct its resources to the organization of administrative institutions or to the productions of laws.
95:. This growing of the Germanistic influence was mainly driven by works on civil law developed by legal theorists of the University of Coimbra under the leadership of professor Guilherme Alves Moreira, who published his decisive
772:
The several types of laws, acts and statutes of Portugal constitute a hierarchic legislative system, with several ranks. The laws of the lower ranks have to comply with the laws of higher ranks. The hierarchy has the
114:. Therefore, these legal systems share many common features which, occasionally, makes them to be considered as a separate branch (Lusophone Legal System) in the scope of the wider family of civil law legal systems.
1428:
in 1975 are still in force, but with modifications. A new Commercial Code was adopted in 2005, replacing the Portuguese Code of 1888. A revised Penal Code came into force in 2015, replacing the Penal Code of 1886.
615:
were enforced. Until the constitutional revisions of 1982 and 1989, the Constitution was a highly charged ideological document with numerous references to socialism, the rights of workers and the desirability of a
341:). These attempts to codify the law were not only a way to unify and bring together the local legal traditions from the whole Kingdom, but also to correct some customs that the Crown thought were unreasonable.
1382:
language, which reduced the number of jurists and other persons able to read and understand the Portuguese laws. However, the Portuguese Civil Code of 1868 is still in force, being known in India as the "
650:
larger centers and closing courts in rural areas where the population has shrunk since the system was established in 1837. Courts were also reorganized to specialize to deal with labor or trade issues.
504:
in 1954 and the rest of the territories in 1961), with the Code of 1966 never being applied here. The Portuguese legal system was kept in place and the Code of 1867 is still in force in what is now the
1216:
A new Law of Gender Identity come into effect in 2011. Being considered the most liberal of its kind in the world, it allows for transsexual people to change their name and sex in legal documentation.
712:. The promulgation is the act by which the President solemnly testifies the existence of a rule of law and intimates its observation. The President may however decide not to promulgate the act and to
1498:
and of the University of Coimbra are nowadays the most reputed, thanks to the number of highly distinguished alumni and professors linked to them. Lisbon's faculty is linked to personalities such as
477:, being approved by the charter of law of 1 July 1867 and entering in force on 22 March 1868. It is referred as the "Code of 1867" or as the "Seabra's Code" due to the important collaboration of the
1219:
In 2015, the full equality in parenting for LGBT couples was authorized by law. The LGBT-parenting single adoption was already previously allowed, joint adoption by the couple is legal since 2016.
645:, reputed for its overcapacity, useless redundancies and a general lack of productivity as a whole. After the collapse of the Portuguese public finances and banking system in 2011 amid the larger
1775:: The Death Penalty (...) cannot be reestablished in any case (...) # with the exception, about the Death Penalty, only in case of war with a foreign country (...) and only in the theater of war.
726:
The process for the creation of decree-laws by the Government has two ways. The first one is the way of successive signatures, by which the bill is separately signed by each of the responsible
1545:
is also highly reputed, achieving notability by its academic publications, the curriculum of its teaching staff and the number of well-connected alumni it harbors. Both the Faculty of Law the
527:) and was the culmination of the successive transformations of the previous Code of 1867 that made it to move away from the Napoleonic model and approach the Germanistic model of civil law.
1465:, as the occupation was never recognized by the international community). This implied the application of the Indonesian Civil Code, which is based on the Dutch Civil Code of 1838 (
1097:- the Tax over Added Value Code (1984), the Tax over Single Persons Income Code (1988), the Tax over Collective Persons Income Code (1988) and the Tax Courts Procedure Code (1999);
700:
Republic are named "laws", those issued by the Government are named "decree-laws" and those issued by the regional legislative assemblies are named "regional legislative decrees".
1250:
The Portuguese variant of the civil law is used or is the basis of the law of various other countries and territories around the world, mostly former territories of the
1209:
and are also legally allowed to donate blood. On 31 May 2010, Portugal became the sixth country in Europe and the eighth country in the world to legally recognize
29:
1134:. It was abolished in stages - for political crimes in 1852, for all crimes except the military in 1867, and for all crimes in 1911. In 1916 Portugal entered in
177:
What would be the Portuguese law has its roots in the laws that were applied in the Far Western region of Europe that would become Portugal. These included the
133:
countries, Portugal did not have centralized political institutions that would enact statutory law on an averyday basis. Both the wars against Castile and the
530:
The Code of 1966 was applied both to Portugal and to the reminiscent Portuguese overseas territories at that time. It continued to be in force until today in
750:, but its effectiveness does not start in the day of the publication. The time interval between the date of publication and the date of effectiveness is the
232:
After the establishment of independent Kingdom of Portugal in 1143, the historical evolution of its law can be generically divided in the following periods:
1367:
107:
1374:) the Portuguese laws were effective there, namely the Civil Code of 1868, although with local adaptations mainly related with their application to the
756:. This interval can be defined by the legislator as being from one day to one year. If the date of effectiveness is not expressly defined in the law, a
470:), the Administrative Code (1842), the Penal Code (1852, after a failed initial attempt in 1837), the Civil Code (1867) and the Commercial Code (1883).
139:
turned the Crown and the Court into an army permanently on the move. Some Portuguese legal historians claim that in the first two centuries after the
1363:
514:
1984:
1856:
1669:
1300:
and the works on constitutional law developed by the Portuguese legal theorist José Gomes Canotilho being the main inspirations of the present
1172:
Besides having abolished the life imprisonment, Portugal is the only country in the world that considers that this type of punishment—both for
1079:(2008), the Administrative Courts Procedure Code (2002) and the Administrative Code (1945, still partially effective but now largely obsolete);
160:
During most of Portuguese legal history, Portugal and its colonies had an ancient legal system based on a double foundation of medieval local
1371:
691:(only for specific regional matters). The Government can only legislate about its own organization, about the development and regulation of
1645:
496:. With the amendments and adaptations suffered until then, the Code of 1867 was in force in the territories of Portuguese India when the
1748:
1049:(1982), the Penal Procedure Code (1987), the Military Justice Code (2003) and the Sentence and Custodial Measures Execution Code (2009);
890:
730:
and by the Prime Minister, then being sent to be promulgated by the President. The second is the collective approval of the bill by the
680:
1358:
The Portuguese civil law system still prevails in the last territories of the former Portuguese India (corresponding to the present
352:. Their first draft was presented in 1446, but they were only definitively reviewed and approved in 1454, already in the reign of
873:
731:
106:
The Law of Portugal is the basis or, at least, influences more or less sharply the legal systems of the several countries of the
49:" legal systems, referring to legal systems that developed at least in conversation or close ties with systems influenced by the
1929:
1378:. The Portuguese Code of 1966 was never applied in those territories, as it became effective only after the Indian occupation.
663:
2112:
1542:
1150:
1125:
646:
467:
1531:
1438:
547:
1267:
Portuguese one, with the Angolan Code of Commercial Societies of 2004 being based in the Portuguese similar Code of 1986.
1210:
688:
1138:
and the capital punishment was reestablished only for military crimes in war time with a foreign country and only in the
1085:- the Commercial Register Code (1986) and the Commercial Code (1888, still partially effective but now largely obsolete);
1805:
894:
91:
was the main influence in the Law of Portugal. However, since the early 20th century, the major influence has been the
1977:
1387:
949:
492:, it was introduced in 1870, suffering a major local adaption in 1880 in order to contemplate the usages of the local
1689:
2042:
1558:
1288:
668:
523:
421:
2378:
2249:
2062:
1507:
1112:
485:
ideas defended by the legal theorists of the University of Coimbra, headed by professor Guilherme Alves Moreira.
719:
2399:
1749:"Law 635: Amendment to the Portuguese Constitution of 1911, Article 3 - Exception on the Death Penalty Article"
1546:
1297:
1206:
345:
46:
2337:
2087:
1677:
103:
is now a major driving force in many respects, such as corporate law, administrative law and civil procedure.
349:
2304:
2259:
2174:
1503:
1228:
1024:
774:
584:
455:
445:
118:
395:
2352:
2309:
2169:
2134:
1970:
1519:
1351:
contributed to Portuguese legal science with a number of important jurists and legislators, including the
1301:
1076:
1046:
684:
596:
501:
425:
373:
369:
324:
2314:
1881:
1487:
Portugal has a number of both public and private schools of Law. The oldest is the Faculty of Law of the
68:
of the indigenous peoples that initially occupied the region, that was later influenced by the Roman and
1793:
1488:
1453:
until its invasion by Indonesia in 1975. After the invasion and occupation, the Indonesian law replaced
1407:
1060:
977:
727:
709:
405:
2204:
2164:
948:) of the Assembly of the Republic, of the Permanent Commission of the Assembly of the Republic, of the
959:) of the Assembly of the Republic, of the Council of State and of the regional legislative assemblies;
2362:
2294:
2219:
1903:
1666:
1495:
819:
Decisions adopted by the competent bodies of international organizations of which Portugal is a part;
583:
in 1974, the Portuguese legal system was changed due to the new political and civil demands. The new
580:
429:
389:
379:
353:
312:
308:
170:
73:
2154:
2032:
2276:
2159:
1515:
2332:
320:
2234:
1467:
1437:
The Portuguese Civil Code of 1966 and other Portuguese laws effective before the independence of
1424:
The Portuguese Civil Code of 1966 and other Portuguese laws effective before the independence of
1131:
1072:
1042:
1028:
459:
100:
58:
1957:
1034:
Regarding the other major branches of the law, they are mainly covered by the following codes:
144:
2144:
2124:
2027:
1573:
1395:
1251:
1166:
1139:
1100:
676:
617:
497:
417:
328:
153:
111:
1759:
2342:
2139:
1550:
1348:
1052:
489:
488:
The Civil Code of 1867 was also applied to the then Portuguese overseas territories. In the
210:
140:
88:
1479:
1386:" or the "Goa Family Law". This code has been suggested to serve as the basis for a future
254:
15th to 18th centuries - Roman-Byzantine and Canon derived law, compiled in the Ordinances;
151:
An exception to this fact were the three laws enacted by King Afonso II in 1211 during the
2347:
2264:
2214:
2047:
1789:
1673:
1597:
1523:
1499:
1177:
1146:
1056:
625:
612:
474:
69:
1527:
826:
and the decisions adopted by its institutions in the exercise of their respective powers.
1706:
2254:
2244:
2194:
2107:
2102:
2092:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2052:
2037:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1627:
História do Direito Português (Súmula das lições proferidas pelo Prof. Marcelo Caetano)
1535:
1383:
1338:
1115:- the Industrial Property Code (1995) and the Copyright and Related Rights Code (1985).
1082:
823:
642:
630:
510:
17:
1827:
45:
is part of the family of what in English-speaking countries are sometimes called the "
2393:
2357:
2299:
2239:
2229:
2209:
2199:
2184:
2179:
2129:
2097:
2082:
2057:
1993:
1624:
1601:
1561:
1325:
1276:
1201:
1106:
1088:
752:
539:
409:
269:
237:
182:
178:
65:
1646:
Estágio: Bastonário diz que Ordem vai recorrer de decisão de tribunal administrativo
879:
Collective labor agreements and other instruments of collective regulation of labor;
458:, Portugal applied deep reforms in its legal system that included a wide process of
2269:
2224:
2149:
2119:
1511:
1391:
1359:
1342:
1296:
The constitutional law of Portugal also has a marked influence in Brazil, with the
1185:
1038:
705:
291:
226:
202:
161:
34:
1735:
1450:
1173:
1135:
608:
551:
550:, even after the independence of these countries in the period of 1974–1975. In
466:, including the constitutions themselves (Constitution of 1822, replaced by the
276:
258:
194:
190:
135:
130:
81:
50:
1425:
1313:
1234:
other countries that desire to reform their policies and laws on this matter.
1066:
1020:
that constitute the framework of the various branches of the Law of Portugal.
1017:
638:
604:
543:
535:
463:
440:
428:
in 1822 and constituted the framework of civil law until 1916, when the first
287:
262:
206:
92:
1239:
1142:. With the new Constitution in 1976, it was again abolished for all crimes.
692:
600:
592:
588:
506:
283:
222:
214:
198:
165:
77:
64:
Along its history, the law practiced in Portugal started to be based in the
54:
1063:(1966), the Civil Procedure Code (2004) and the Civil Register Code (1995);
641:, over 30 per 100,000 people, a feature that plagued the entire Portuguese
416:
The ordinances of 1603 continued to be used in Portugal and throughout the
1612:
Nuno Gomes da Silva, História do Direito Português,4.ª edição, FCG, p. 155
1553:
are considered modern law schools with an increasingly higher reputation.
1130:
In the world, Portugal was a pioneer in the process of abolishment of the
1578:
1455:
1375:
1162:
952:, of the Council of Ministers and of the regional legislative assemblies;
882:
556:
493:
241:
1758:(in Portuguese). República Portuguesa. 28 September 1916. Archived from
1483:
The Faculty of Law of the University of Coimbra, at the University Yard.
746:
In Portugal, the mandatory of a law appears with its publication in the
424:
came into force in 1867. In Brazil, they continued to be in force after
1693:
1461:
1094:
562:
513:
or the Goa Family Law - and also in what is now the union territory of
1153:
carried out in France during World War One remains poorly documented.
1282:
1263:
1181:
988:
934:
924:
907:
865:
4th rank - Acts with the force equivalent to that of laws, including:
853:
843:
531:
478:
72:. From the 13th until the 18th centuries, the main influence was the
876:
decisions of unconstitutionality or illegality with general binding;
344:
The first of these ordinances was created by the initiative of King
1690:
Insight: Rushed Portugal justice reform risks more error than trial
1478:
1412:
1352:
1197:
662:
634:
567:
473:
The first Portuguese Civil Code closely followed the model of the
439:
302:
218:
186:
28:
1930:"Goa's Civil Code has backing of BJP, but it's not truly Uniform"
1557:
average teaching of law in Portugal according to the head of the
1324:
Many of the Portuguese laws effective before the independence of
1962:
1169:. Presently, no person can be in prison for more than 25 years.
813:
Rules and principles of the general or common international law;
713:
331:, the Kings of Portugal were able to grow politically stronger.
1966:
1213:
on the national level. The law came into force on 5 June 2010.
1366:). At the time of the Indian occupation of those territories (
1069:- the Labour Code (2003) and the Labour Procedure Code (1999);
1027:(1976), which also constitutes the framework of the branch of
870:
Adoption of conventions, treaties or international agreements;
633:
after Italy's, even though it has one of the highest rates of
311:
exercising justice, in a woodcut from the 1514 edition of the
1242:
possession for personal use is no longer a criminal offence.
1016:
From the countless loose legislation, stands out a number of
816:
Norms of international conventions duly ratified or approved;
376:(regent in the name of King Afonso V, while he was a minor);
80:. In the 18th century, the main influence started to be the
1806:"Constitution of the Portuguese Republic: Article 24º, Nº2"
1364:
Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
599:
system. For a number of years, the country bounced between
244:
law, with a strong Roman, Germanic and Canonical influence;
1731:
1729:
1727:
189:
peoples that originally lived in the area (including the
110:
and of some other territories that were once part of the
1857:"Drug laws around the world - does anyone get it right?"
481:
António Luís de Seabra (Count of Seabra) in its making.
372:, 1446 (formally approved 1454) – under King Edward and
1165:
became the first country in the world to abolish the
408:. As these were established during the period of the
1530:. Coimbra's faculty is linked to personalities like
1441:
in 1975 are still in force, but with modifications.
33:
The representation of the Law, at the Courthouse of
2371:
2323:
2285:
2000:
675:Accordingly, with the Portuguese Constitution, the
268:1832 to 1926 - Strong influence the Liberalism and
1882:"EMCDDA:Drug policy profiles, Portugal, June 2011"
1394:based on the scriptures and customs of each major
1149:in 1846. A possible execution of a soldier of the
595:-inspired ideologies and bias in order to replace
462:. This process led to the creation of a number of
201:applied after the annexation of the region by the
1620:
1618:
356:, so becoming known as the Alfonsine Ordinances (
1075:- the Administrative Procedure Code (1991), the
587:approved in 1976, was written under a myriad of
399:
383:
357:
336:
272:and introduction of the codification of the law;
1200:, Portugal increasingly became one of the most
1785:
1783:
1667:"Universidades abandalharam ensino do direito"
1978:
1145:The last execution in Portugal took place in
982:regulamentos policiais dos governadores civis
8:
1638:
1636:
444:The seat of the Supreme Court of Justice at
392:. They were modified in 1526, 1533 and 1580;
1398:with a common set governing every citizen.
257:18th century to 1832 - Introduction of the
229:and the increased influence of the Church.
1985:
1971:
1963:
1790:"Document - Death Penalty Statistics 2006"
247:13th to 15th centuries - Roman-Byzantine (
108:Community of Portuguese Language Countries
1756:Diário do Governo da República Portuguesa
1736:"The end of capital punishment in Europe"
822:Provisions of the treaties governing the
327:and the establishment and growing of the
1491:, which dates back to the 13th century.
515:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
1659:
1657:
1590:
1475:Education, training and research in law
1091:- the Commercial Societies Code (1986);
780:1st rank - Constitutional laws, namely:
717:referenda and then is published in the
275:1926 to 1974 - Strong influence of the
902:5th rank - Regulatory acts, including:
808:2nd rank - International laws, namely:
687:and the self-government bodies of the
412:, they were influenced by Spanish law.
1602:«História do Direito Português», 1944
1180:, with or without the possibility of
1023:The principal law of Portugal is the
117:The main Portuguese laws include the
7:
760:of five days is assumed by default.
261:and the increasing influence of the
1904:"Ordem dos Advogados - Actualidade"
1449:The Portuguese Law was in force in
1281:The Law of Portugal was applied in
1262:The Law of Portugal was applied in
454:Following the establishment of the
1928:Noronha, Frederick (9 June 2014).
1884:. Emcdda.europa.eu. 17 August 2011
1396:religious community in the country
669:seat of the Portuguese Legislature
629:was by 2011 the second slowest in
348:, under the lead of Doctor of Law
225:applied after the adoption of the
25:
1958:Portuguese legislation in English
1625:Ernesto Fernandes e Anibal Rêgo,
1494:Both the faculties of Law of the
1459:the Portuguese one (although not
939:decretos regulamentares regionais
831:3rd rank - Ordinary laws, namely:
236:12th - 13th century - Use of the
1707:"Legislation Portugal (Lexadin)"
1103:- the Advertisement Code (1990);
777:in its top and is the following:
286:influence, latter tilted to the
1368:1954 for Dadra and Nagar Haveli
1298:Portuguese Constitution of 1976
858:decretos legislativos regionais
53:medieval European tradition of
1543:Portuguese Catholic University
1151:Portuguese Expeditionary Corps
1126:Capital punishment in Portugal
801:leis de revisão constitutional
799:Constitutional revision laws (
647:European sovereign debt crisis
509:- where it is referred as the
468:Constitutional Charter of 1826
323:, the beginning of the age of
282:Since 1974 - Modern era, with
1:
1549:and the School of Law of the
723:(official journal) as a law.
689:Portuguese autonomous regions
97:Instituições de Direito Civil
1837:(in Portuguese). 31 May 2010
1246:Influence in other countries
854:Regional legislative decrees
794:leis constitucionais avulsas
1532:António de Oliveira Salazar
1508:António de Menezes Cordeiro
1388:uniform civil code of India
1372:1961 for Goa, Daman and Diu
935:Regional regulatory decrees
792:Loose constitutional laws (
436:The process of codification
365:These ordinances included:
2416:
1405:
1390:, intended to replace the
1336:
1329:which follows French law.
1274:
1238:supply of that substance.
1226:
1123:
976:Police regulations of the
388:), 1512–1520 - under King
168:, mostly derived from the
129:As in most other European
1541:The School of Law of the
1355:Luiz da Cunha Gonçalves.
1347:Historically, the former
1113:Intellectual property law
742:Effectiveness of the laws
710:President of the Republic
87:In the 19th century, the
1184:- is a violation of the
1000:regulamentos autárquicos
891:Supreme Court of Justice
681:Assembly of the Republic
251:) and Canon derived law;
213:invaders (including the
1738:, Capital Punishment UK
1504:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
1289:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
1229:Drug policy of Portugal
1109:- the Road Code (2005);
998:Municipal regulations (
912:decretos regulamentares
775:Portuguese Constitution
524:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
456:Constitutional Monarchy
319:However, following the
18:Portuguese legal system
2043:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1484:
1302:Constitution of Brazil
679:is shared between the
672:
502:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
451:
400:
384:
358:
337:
325:Portuguese Discoveries
316:
38:
1828:"Diário da República"
1794:Amnesty International
1489:University of Coimbra
1482:
1439:São Tomé and Príncipe
1433:São Tomé and Príncipe
1408:Legal system of Macau
1077:Public Contracts Code
1012:Main laws of Portugal
768:Hierarchy of the laws
666:
603:and adherence to the
597:the previous regime's
548:São Tomé and Príncipe
443:
422:Portuguese Civil Code
404:), 1603 - under King
396:Phillipine Ordinances
385:Ordenações Manuelinas
374:Duke Peter of Coimbra
306:
143:in 1143—in which the
32:
1496:University of Lisbon
1007:Specific legislation
971:despachos normativos
874:Constitutional Court
732:Council of Ministers
677:legislative function
581:Carnation Revolution
430:Brazilian Civil Code
401:Ordenações Filipinas
380:Manueline Ordinances
370:Alfonsine Ordinances
359:Ordenações Afonsinas
313:Manueline Ordinances
249:Corpus iuris civilis
171:Corpus iuris civilis
2286:States with limited
1861:www.telegraph.co.uk
1672:2 June 2012 at the
1559:Ordem dos Advogados
1520:José Manuel Barroso
1207:Portuguese Military
748:Diário da República
736:Diário da República
720:Diário da República
659:Legislative process
99:from 1906 to 1916.
1678:Diário de Notícias
1485:
1468:Burgerlijk Wetboek
1132:capital punishment
1120:Capital punishment
1073:Administrative law
1043:criminal procedure
1029:constitutional law
969:Normative orders (
908:Regulatory decrees
683:(parliament), the
673:
654:Legislative system
554:, it was replaced
460:legal codification
452:
317:
209:introduced by the
101:European Union law
59:Continental Europe
39:
2387:
2386:
1598:CAETANO, Marcello
1574:Crime in Portugal
1252:Portuguese Empire
1223:Drugs legislation
1211:same-sex marriage
1167:life imprisonment
1157:Life imprisonment
1101:Entertainment law
895:Court of Auditors
618:socialist economy
498:Republic of India
418:Portuguese Empire
112:Portuguese Empire
16:(Redirected from
2407:
2324:Dependencies and
2260:Northern Ireland
2001:Sovereign states
1987:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1802:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1765:on 29 March 2014
1764:
1753:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1703:
1697:
1687:
1681:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1595:
1551:Minho University
1534:, Laura Rio and
1516:António Vitorino
1349:Portuguese India
1192:LGBT legislation
950:Council of State
613:nationalizations
490:Portuguese India
447:Terreiro do Paço
432:was introduced.
420:until the first
403:
387:
361:
340:
141:Treaty of Zamora
93:German civil law
89:French civil law
21:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2400:Law of Portugal
2390:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2367:
2325:
2319:
2305:Northern Cyprus
2287:
2281:
2175:North Macedonia
1996:
1991:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1808:(in Portuguese)
1804:
1803:
1799:
1788:
1781:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1688:
1684:
1674:Wayback Machine
1664:(in Portuguese)
1663:
1662:
1655:
1643:(in Portuguese)
1642:
1641:
1634:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1570:
1547:Nova University
1524:Adriano Moreira
1500:Marcelo Caetano
1477:
1447:
1435:
1422:
1410:
1404:
1376:Hindu community
1345:
1337:Main articles:
1335:
1322:
1310:
1279:
1273:
1260:
1248:
1231:
1225:
1194:
1159:
1128:
1122:
1057:civil procedure
1014:
1009:
978:civil governors
778:
770:
744:
661:
656:
626:numerus clausus
577:
494:Hindu community
475:Napoleonic Code
450:square, Lisbon.
438:
329:overseas empire
301:
127:
70:Visigothic laws
43:Law of Portugal
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2379:European Union
2375:
2373:
2372:Other entities
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2326:other entities
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2250:United Kingdom
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2063:Czech Republic
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1952:External links
1950:
1947:
1946:
1920:
1895:
1873:
1848:
1819:
1797:
1779:
1740:
1723:
1711:www.lexadin.nl
1698:
1682:
1680:(9 April 2012)
1653:
1632:
1629:, Lisboa, 1941
1614:
1605:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1536:Almeida Santos
1476:
1473:
1446:
1443:
1434:
1431:
1421:
1418:
1406:Main article:
1403:
1400:
1384:Goa civil code
1339:Goa civil code
1334:
1331:
1321:
1318:
1309:
1306:
1275:Main article:
1272:
1269:
1259:
1256:
1247:
1244:
1227:Main article:
1224:
1221:
1193:
1190:
1158:
1155:
1140:theater of war
1124:Main article:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1083:Commercial law
1080:
1070:
1064:
1050:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
996:
985:
974:
967:
960:
953:
942:
932:
922:
915:
899:
898:
880:
877:
871:
862:
861:
851:
841:
828:
827:
824:European Union
820:
817:
814:
805:
804:
797:
790:
785:Constitution (
769:
766:
743:
740:
660:
657:
655:
652:
643:public service
631:Western Europe
576:
573:
560:(although not
511:Goa Civil Code
500:invaded them (
437:
434:
414:
413:
393:
377:
321:1383–85 Crisis
300:
297:
296:
295:
280:
273:
266:
255:
252:
245:
126:
123:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2412:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:Faroe Islands
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:South Ossetia
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:Liechtenstein
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:Law in Europe
1988:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1836:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1696:(19 Sep 2012)
1695:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1562:Marinho Pinto
1560:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:Jorge Miranda
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:personal laws
1389:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:Guinea-Bissau
1320:Guinea-Bissau
1319:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1277:Law of Brazil
1270:
1268:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1230:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1202:LGBT-friendly
1199:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1107:Transport law
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:Corporate law
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1011:
1006:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
986:
983:
979:
975:
972:
968:
965:
961:
958:
954:
951:
947:
944:Resolutions (
943:
940:
936:
933:
930:
926:
923:
920:
917:Regulations (
916:
913:
909:
906:
905:
904:
903:
896:
892:
888:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
867:
866:
859:
855:
852:
849:
845:
842:
839:
835:
834:
833:
832:
825:
821:
818:
815:
812:
811:
810:
809:
802:
798:
795:
791:
788:
784:
783:
782:
781:
776:
767:
765:
761:
759:
758:vacatio legis
755:
754:
753:vacatio legis
749:
741:
739:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
721:
715:
711:
707:
701:
697:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
670:
665:
658:
653:
651:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
627:
621:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
574:
572:
569:
565:
564:
559:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:Guinea-Bissau
537:
533:
528:
526:
525:
518:
516:
512:
508:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
482:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
449:
448:
442:
435:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
411:
410:Iberian Union
407:
402:
397:
394:
391:
386:
381:
378:
375:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
360:
355:
351:
350:Rui Fernandes
347:
342:
339:
332:
330:
326:
322:
314:
310:
305:
298:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
271:
270:Individualism
267:
264:
260:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
239:
235:
234:
233:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:Indo-European
180:
179:customary law
175:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:customary law
158:
156:
155:
149:
146:
142:
138:
137:
132:
124:
122:
120:
115:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
66:customary law
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
36:
31:
27:
19:
2315:Transnistria
2277:Vatican City
2189:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1907:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1860:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1834:
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1800:
1774:
1767:. Retrieved
1760:the original
1755:
1743:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1685:
1649:
1626:
1608:
1593:
1555:
1540:
1528:Mário Soares
1493:
1486:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1436:
1423:
1411:
1380:
1360:State of Goa
1357:
1346:
1343:Law of India
1323:
1311:
1295:
1287:
1280:
1261:
1249:
1236:
1232:
1218:
1215:
1195:
1186:human rights
1171:
1160:
1144:
1129:
1033:
1025:Constitution
1022:
1015:
999:
992:
981:
970:
963:
962:Ordinances (
956:
945:
938:
928:
919:regulamentos
918:
911:
901:
900:
886:
864:
863:
857:
848:decretos-lei
847:
837:
830:
829:
807:
806:
800:
793:
787:Constituição
786:
779:
771:
762:
757:
751:
747:
745:
735:
725:
718:
706:promulgation
702:
698:
674:
622:
585:Constitution
578:
561:
555:
529:
522:
521:Civil Code (
519:
487:
483:
472:
464:codes of law
453:
446:
426:independence
415:
364:
343:
333:
318:
292:European law
248:
231:
227:Christianity
203:Roman Empire
176:
169:
159:
157:of Coimbra.
152:
150:
134:
128:
119:Constitution
116:
105:
96:
86:
63:
42:
40:
26:
2353:Isle of Man
2288:recognition
2235:Switzerland
2170:Netherlands
1451:Timor-Leste
1445:Timor-Leste
1136:World War I
1018:legal codes
955:Regiments (
893:and of the
844:Decree-laws
639:prosecutors
609:Land reform
552:Timor-Leste
277:Corporatism
259:Natural law
195:Gallaecians
191:Lusitanians
136:Reconquista
82:natural law
51:ius commune
2205:San Marino
2165:Montenegro
2145:Luxembourg
2125:Kazakhstan
2028:Azerbaijan
1585:References
1426:Mozambique
1420:Mozambique
1314:Cape Verde
1308:Cape Verde
1067:Labour law
1061:Civil Code
1047:Penal Code
987:Municipal
957:regimentos
946:resoluções
693:basic laws
685:Government
671:in Lisbon.
605:neoliberal
579:After the
575:Modern era
544:Mozambique
536:Cape Verde
338:Ordenações
299:Ordinances
294:influence.
288:Neoliberal
263:Liberalism
221:) and the
207:German law
78:Canon laws
2343:Gibraltar
2140:Lithuania
1934:Scroll.in
1908:www.oa.pt
1240:Marijuana
1161:In 1884,
964:portarias
889:) of the
883:Case laws
728:ministers
601:socialism
593:socialist
589:communist
571:Coimbra.
507:Goa state
406:Philip II
284:Socialism
238:customary
223:Canon law
215:Visigoths
199:Roman law
166:Roman law
74:Justinian
55:Roman law
47:civil law
35:Guimarães
2394:Category
2363:Svalbard
2348:Guernsey
2295:Abkhazia
2265:Scotland
2220:Slovenia
2215:Slovakia
2190:Portugal
2048:Bulgaria
1812:29 March
1769:29 March
1670:Archived
1579:Portugal
1568:See also
1456:de facto
1163:Portugal
1039:Criminal
993:posturas
929:decretos
887:assentos
557:de facto
390:Manuel I
354:Afonso V
309:Manuel I
242:custumal
211:Germanic
193:and the
131:medieval
2255:England
2245:Ukraine
2195:Romania
2155:Moldova
2113:Ireland
2108:Iceland
2103:Hungary
2093:Germany
2088:Georgia
2078:Finland
2073:Estonia
2068:Denmark
2053:Croatia
2038:Belgium
2033:Belarus
2023:Austria
2018:Armenia
2013:Andorra
2008:Albania
1939:28 June
1913:28 June
1888:27 July
1866:28 June
1841:28 June
1716:28 June
1694:Reuters
1462:de jure
1196:In the
1095:Tax law
989:by-laws
925:Decrees
708:by the
607:model.
563:de jure
197:), the
181:of the
125:History
2358:Jersey
2300:Kosovo
2240:Turkey
2230:Sweden
2210:Serbia
2200:Russia
2185:Poland
2180:Norway
2160:Monaco
2130:Latvia
2098:Greece
2083:France
2058:Cyprus
1835:dre.pt
1283:Brazil
1271:Brazil
1264:Angola
1258:Angola
1182:parole
1178:majors
1174:minors
1059:- the
1045:- the
836:Laws (
635:judges
532:Angola
479:jurist
346:Edward
205:, the
187:Celtic
154:Cortes
2333:Åland
2270:Wales
2225:Spain
2150:Malta
2120:Italy
1831:(PDF)
1763:(PDF)
1752:(PDF)
1413:Macau
1402:Macau
1333:India
1198:2000s
1147:Lagos
1053:Civil
568:Macau
307:King
219:Suebi
1941:2023
1915:2023
1890:2014
1868:2023
1843:2023
1814:2014
1771:2014
1718:2023
1526:and
1370:and
1362:and
1353:goan
1341:and
1176:and
1055:and
1041:and
838:leis
714:veto
667:The
637:and
611:and
591:and
546:and
290:and
240:and
217:and
185:and
164:and
145:León
76:and
41:The
1312:In
362:).
2396::
1932:.
1906:.
1859:.
1833:.
1792:,
1782:^
1773:.
1754:.
1726:^
1709:.
1692:,
1676:,
1656:^
1648:,
1635:^
1617:^
1600:,
1564:.
1538:.
1522:,
1518:,
1514:,
1510:,
1506:,
1502:,
1304:.
1254:.
1188:.
1031:.
1002:).
995:);
984:);
973:);
966:);
941:);
931:);
921:);
914:);
860:).
850:);
840:);
803:).
796:);
789:);
738:.
620:.
542:,
538:,
534:,
517:.
174:.
84:.
61:.
1986:e
1979:t
1972:v
1943:.
1917:.
1892:.
1870:.
1845:.
1816:.
1720:.
991:(
980:(
937:(
927:(
910:(
897:.
885:(
856:(
846:(
398:(
382:(
335:(
315:.
279:;
265:;
37:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
