596:
49:
296:
770:
365:
312:.) In worse conditions, the 'demi-chargé' technique was used. Half the cargo was unloaded, the canoe forced upstream, unloaded and then returned downstream to pick up the remaining half of the cargo. In still worse currents, the entire cargo was unloaded ('décharge') and carried overland while the canoe was forced upstream. In the worst case a full portage was necessary. The canoe was carried overland by two or four men (the heavier
554:
38:
2063:
303:
Going upstream was more difficult, as there were many places where the current was too swift to paddle. Where the river bottom was shallow and firm, voyageurs would stand in the canoe and push it upstream with 3-metre (10 ft) poles. If the shoreline was reasonably clear the canoe could be
544:
The
Skagerak always has been treacherous for shipping and early navigators tried to avoid it. There are various river systems in (modern) northern Germany and southern Denmark where the watershed is narrow and low, such as between the Treene (discharging into the North Sea) and the Schlei
524:. Constantine is said to have "driven" the ships rather than dragged them, probably indicating the use of wheels. Archaeological evidence for a portage across the Thracian Chersonese is lacking, but it is possible that traces of it have been confused with traces of the
257:
Portage trails usually began as animal tracks and were improved by tramping or blazing. In a few places iron-plated wooden rails were laid to take a handcart. Heavily used routes sometimes evolved into roads when sledges, rollers or oxen were used, as at
1414:
1409:
1454:
1444:
1424:
545:(discharging into the Baltic) that would have allowed portage. There is no certain physical or written evidence, except that it is known that goods were transported along these routes between different merchant settlements.
1449:
1439:
1419:
1459:
133:) is the practice of carrying water craft or cargo over land, either around an obstacle in a river, or between two bodies of water. A path where items are regularly carried between bodies of water is also called a
1429:
1999:
189:. Primitive portaging generally involves carrying the vessel and its contents across the portage in multiple trips. Small canoes can be portaged by carrying them inverted over one's shoulders and the center
595:
785:
Places where portaging occurred often became temporary and then permanent settlements. The importance of free passage through portages found them included in laws and treaties. One historically important
435:, and operated from around 600 BC until the middle of the 1st century AD. The scale on which the Diolkos combined the two principles of the railway and the overland transport of ships was unique in
777:
at portages that were heavily used, horse-drawn wagons like this one were furnished with racks for carrying several boats at once, for a fee. This example is typical of those used in the 1890s. (
273:
would inspect the rapids and choose between the heavy work of a portage and the life-threatening risk of running the rapids. If the second course were chosen, the boat would be controlled by the
304:'tracked' or 'lined', that is, the canoemen would pull the canoe on a rope while one man stayed on board to keep it away from the shore. (The most extreme case of tracking was in the
821:
was through a short swamp portage which seasonally flooded and it is thought that a channel gradually developed unintentionally from the dragging of the boat bottoms. The 1835
1822:
1465:
665:
to guard a key portage between the Volga and the Don. After
Varangian and Khazar power in Eastern Europe waned, Slavic merchants continued to use the portages along the
1903:
1237:
1325:
1873:
1320:
1883:
1475:
1720:
875:
has historical plaques at both the north and south ends proclaiming it to be 'at half a mile in length, surely the shortest road between two seas'.
1198:
1180:
1941:
1480:
517:
230:(both in North America) often covering hilly or difficult terrain. Some portages involve very little elevation change, such as the very short
48:
1790:
1470:
2042:
1994:
1435:
1405:
1230:
822:
263:
1330:
167:
1807:
496:. The peninsula there is six miles wide. Cosmas describes the dragging of small boats as common in his day for local trade between
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1981:
1913:
1893:
1315:
918:
791:
525:
227:
1396:
1223:
1817:
2014:
1888:
1687:
1172:
956:
295:
882:
which links Queen
Charlotte Sound at Torea Bay. This portage was created by mid-19th century settler Robert Blaymires.
2085:
1971:
1898:
1857:
1046:
868:
577:
for the transport of a military fleet in 1439. The land link is now somewhat harder because of the disappearance of
1966:
1926:
1921:
442:
There is scant literary evidence for two more ship trackways referred to as diolkoi in antiquity, both located in
1956:
806:
764:
458:
2090:
1961:
1832:
1812:
1642:
31:
316:
had to be dragged overland on rollers) The cargo was divided into standard 41-kilogram (90 lb) packs or
842:
465:, which may have been located at the southern tip of the island of Pharos. Another diolkos is mentioned by
2004:
1842:
1525:
1386:
155:
590:
512:. It would have been too costly to regularly move large ships across the peninsula, but Cosmas says that
346: mi) and go back for the next load. The time for a portage was estimated at one hour per half mile.
1989:
1837:
1784:
469:(90–168 CE) in his book on geography (IV, 5, 10) as connecting a false mouth of a partly silted up
1695:
1652:
1108:
1009:
982:
Raepsaet, G.; Tolley, M. (1993), "Le
Diolkos de l'Isthme à Corinthe: son tracé, son fonctionnement",
504:. The motivation for this practice was to avoid the long detour around the peninsula and through the
1827:
1581:
1505:
1501:
1496:
805:
Numerous portages were upgraded to carriageways and railways due to their economic importance. The
769:
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509:
485:
481:
329:
1946:
1728:
1677:
1591:
1535:
1284:
1128:
1063:
1041:
935:
657:) there were trade outposts inhabited by a mixture of Norse merchants and native population. The
631:
533:
388:
289:
had more control over the boat. The other canoemen provided power under the instructions of the
364:
2095:
2035:
2030:
955:
Lewis, M. j. t. (2001), "Railways in the Greek and Roman world", in Guy, A.; Rees, J. (eds.),
818:
778:
666:
574:
521:
474:
1931:
1852:
1847:
1120:
1055:
1024:
991:
958:
Early
Railways. A Selection of Papers from the First International Early Railways Conference
927:
891:
689:
107:
101:
72:
65:
332:
was a common cause of death). To allow regular rests the voyageur would drop his pack at a
1878:
1637:
1294:
1176:
825:
connected the cities of New York and
Montreal without needing to go through the Atlantic.
810:
799:
743:
Portages played an important role in the economy of some
African societies. For instance,
681:
436:
392:
186:
848:
2023:
1657:
1622:
1612:
1566:
1530:
1381:
1361:
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879:
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513:
493:
384:
259:
209:
163:
42:
867:, where there remain three roads named 'Portage Road's in separate parts of the city.
794:. Recreational canoeing routes often include portages between lakes, for example, the
2079:
1700:
1586:
1576:
1520:
1515:
1371:
1289:
1194:
1132:
860:
814:
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309:
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1627:
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1264:
852:
721:
553:
501:
396:
305:
847:
Portages existed in a number of locations where an isthmus existed that the local
37:
735:
is a common place name in
Scotland and Ireland indicating the site of a portage.
520:(670/1–676/7) when the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles were controlled by the
208:
Portages can be many kilometers in length, such as the 19-kilometre (12 mi)
2049:
1951:
1632:
1356:
1351:
774:
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505:
443:
231:
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1705:
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462:
321:
313:
308:
in China where all boats had to be pulled upstream against the current of the
182:
151:
1169:
1080:
Drijvers, J. W. (1992), "Strabo VIII 2,1 (C335): Porthmeia and the
Diolkos",
965:
250:
This section deals mostly with the heavy freight canoes used by the
Canadian
1936:
1733:
1672:
1510:
1299:
787:
647:
639:
447:
400:
251:
202:
198:
1028:
995:
461:, in which the latter casually refers to a diolkos close to the harbor of
1758:
1366:
1346:
1250:
1246:
864:
654:
618:, with portages connecting the four most important rivers of the region:
325:
235:
1215:
573:, hardly used by the smallest watercraft, was at least once used by the
403:
to conduct business in the justice system. The 6-to-8.5-kilometre-long (
269:
When going downstream through rapids an experienced voyageur called the
17:
1753:
1647:
939:
732:
717:
658:
627:
466:
432:
379:
370:
281:
standing in the back with a 2.7-metre (9 ft) steering paddle. The
239:
1067:
1768:
1738:
1617:
828:
Many settlements in North America were named for being on a portage.
744:
662:
643:
635:
611:
497:
190:
159:
144:
1147:
931:
532:
in the 6th century. The region also saw extensive damage during the
1059:
2000:
Sir Alexander Mackenzie Canada Sea-to-Sea Bicentennial Expeditions
1662:
1571:
1561:
1556:
1111:(1995), "A Gothia in the Hellespont in the Early Eighth Century",
768:
619:
594:
562:
552:
363:
294:
178:
171:
47:
36:
1044:(1979), "Archaic Greek Trade: Three Conjectures 1. The Diolkos",
755:
near the rapids that divide the Upper and Middle Niger Valleys.
748:
716:
In the 16th century, the Russians used river portages to get to
484:
describes the portage of boats across the narrowest part of the
470:
194:
1219:
878:
The small Marlborough Sounds settlement of Portage lies on the
90:
87:
116:
78:
177:
Over time, important portages were sometimes provided with
125:
614:
merchant-adventurers exploited a network of waterways in
122:
1179:, prepared by Wm. E. Rose and Associates, Inc., for the
457:) records two passages from his first-century colleague
320:
with each man responsible for about six. One portage or
708:
697:
688:" and "the little upper portage", respectively (from
387:
which enabled boats to be moved overland across the
119:
113:
84:
75:
2013:
1980:
1912:
1866:
1823:
Devizes to Westminster International Canoe Marathon
1800:
1777:
1719:
1686:
1605:
1549:
1489:
1395:
1339:
1308:
1257:
916:Fraser, P. M. (1961), "The ΔΙΟΛΚΟΣ of Alexandria",
863:or vice versa. The most famous ones are located in
110:
81:
27:
Practice of carrying water craft or cargo over land
480:Writing in the first half of the eighth century,
147:, the term "carrying-place" was sometimes used.
1904:Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival
399:. It was constructed to transport high ranking
205:on their heads to carry loads on their backs.
1231:
703:
692:
277:standing in front with a long paddle and the
8:
431: mi) roadway was a rudimentary form of
285:had a better view and was in charge but the
138:
1874:Canadian International Dragon Boat Festival
1148:"Kosmas of Jerusalem and the Gotthograikoi"
702:, meaning "portage", derived from the verb
557:A map of the trip of the Venetian warships.
1884:Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York
1238:
1224:
1216:
540:Pre-Viking and Viking era northern Germany
1170:The Chicago Portage - Historical Synopsis
684:may be translated as "the portage on the
602:and his band of adventurers crossing the
508:, but also to avoid the customs house at
911:
909:
907:
653:At the most important portages (such as
1199:Te Ara: the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1181:Forest Preserve District of Cook County
964:, pp. 8–19 (10–15), archived from
950:
948:
903:
143:means "to carry", as in "portable". In
1942:British Dragon Boat Racing Association
1098:Coll. Med II, 58, 54-55 (CMG VI, 1, 1)
1017:Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique
984:Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique
7:
2043:The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes
1995:International Dragon Boat Federation
809:had a gravity railway in the 1760s.
610:In the 8th, 9th and 10th centuries,
174:over land to avoid river obstacles.
1195:"Marlborough places - Outer Sounds"
919:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
823:Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad
606:at Tagil, entering Asia from Europe
264:Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad
1113:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies
488:(Gallipoli Peninsula) between the
197:to facilitate this. Historically,
193:may be designed in the style of a
137:The term comes from French, where
25:
1808:List of world records in canoeing
1193:McKinnon, Malcolm (12 May 2012).
299:Small railway portage in the U.S.
41:Portaging a tandem prospector in
2061:
106:
71:
52:Canoe rest along a portage trail
2062:
1894:Lethbridge Dragon Boat Festival
1047:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
792:Grand Portage National Monument
634:. The portages of what is now
516:did it, presumably during the
1:
1818:Au Sable River Canoe Marathon
751:because it is located on the
747:was chosen as the capital of
451:
1889:Houston Dragon Boat Festival
1791:Canoeing and kayaking venues
1972:Portuguese Canoe Federation
1899:Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival
1858:Riverland Paddling Marathon
709:
698:
2112:
1967:Scottish Canoe Association
1927:American Canoe Association
1922:European Canoe Association
1415:Women's Canadian medalists
1125:10.1179/030701395790836649
871:in the Auckland suburb of
851:could drag or carry their
840:
762:
588:
518:blockade of Constantinople
150:Early French explorers in
29:
2059:
2005:UK Rivers Access Campaign
1957:Croatian Canoe Federation
765:Portages in North America
704:
693:
336:about every 1 kilometre (
1962:Israel Canoe Association
1833:Hawkesbury Canoe Classic
1813:Adirondack Canoe Classic
1410:Men's Canadian medalists
1010:"Le diolkos de L'Isthme"
1008:Verdelis, N. M. (1957),
528:, which was restored by
383:was a paved trackway in
266:) or canals were built.
32:Portage (disambiguation)
1466:Slalom Junior & U23
1455:Women's kayak medalists
1445:Women's canoe medalists
1425:Women's kayak medalists
1146:John F. Haldon (1995),
843:Portages of New Zealand
676:The names of the towns
1843:National Student Rodeo
1526:Canoe and kayak diving
1387:Standup paddleboarding
782:
661:built the fortress of
607:
561:The land link between
558:
455: 320–400 CE
374:
324:would be carried by a
300:
262:. Sometimes railways (
212:and the 14-kilometre (
139:
53:
45:
1990:Canadian Canoe Museum
1838:Massive Murray Paddle
1785:Artificial whitewater
1460:Mixed canoe medalists
1450:Men's kayak medalists
1440:Men's canoe medalists
1420:Men's kayak medalists
1029:10.3406/bch.1957.2388
996:10.3406/bch.1993.1679
772:
598:
589:Further information:
556:
368:Paved section of the
367:
328:and one on the back (
298:
51:
40:
1696:Canoe paddle strokes
1653:Sturgeon-nosed canoe
1109:Constantin Zuckerman
728:Scotland and Ireland
30:For other uses, see
1982:Other organisations
1828:Dusi Canoe Marathon
1582:International Canoe
1502:Whitewater canoeing
1497:Small-craft sailing
1430:Paracanoe medalists
671:Dnieper trade route
638:were vital for the
600:Yermak Timofeyevich
486:Thracian Chersonese
482:Cosmas of Jerusalem
330:strangulated hernia
238:, which crosses an
2086:Physical geography
1947:Canoe Kayak Canada
1729:Albano buoy system
1592:Recreational kayak
1536:Canoe orienteering
1481:Wildwater canoeing
1285:Wildwater canoeing
1175:2016-03-12 at the
819:Des Plaines Rivers
783:
642:commerce with the
608:
559:
534:Gallipoli Campaign
389:Isthmus of Corinth
375:
301:
54:
46:
2073:
2072:
2031:Paddle-to-the-Sea
2024:La Chasse-galerie
1643:Pacific Northwest
1606:Traditional boats
1340:Other disciplines
779:Adirondack Museum
667:Volga trade route
591:Don–Volga portage
575:Venetian Republic
549:Venetian Republic
475:Mediterranean Sea
360:Greco-Roman world
158:encountered many
69:
16:(Redirected from
2103:
2065:
2064:
1932:Paddle Australia
1914:Governing bodies
1853:Waterside Series
1848:Thameside Series
1326:Female medalists
1258:Main disciplines
1240:
1233:
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1217:
1210:
1209:
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1190:
1184:
1167:
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1152:Byzantinoslavica
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892:Porter (carrier)
855:across from the
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473:branch with the
456:
453:
446:: The physician
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187:portage railways
168:Native Americans
156:French Louisiana
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2055:
2009:
1976:
1908:
1879:Duanwu Festival
1862:
1796:
1773:
1715:
1682:
1638:Outrigger canoe
1601:
1545:
1485:
1391:
1335:
1316:Summer Olympics
1304:
1295:Canoe freestyle
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1244:
1214:
1213:
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1177:Wayback Machine
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932:10.2307/3855873
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807:Niagara Portage
800:Adirondack Park
790:portage is now
767:
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682:Vyshny Volochek
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393:Gulf of Corinth
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201:often employed
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1623:Chundan vallam
1620:
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1613:Aleutian kayak
1609:
1607:
1603:
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1567:Concrete canoe
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1531:Dongola racing
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1393:
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1382:Squirt boating
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1362:Paddleboarding
1359:
1354:
1352:Dragon boating
1349:
1343:
1341:
1337:
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1334:
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1328:
1323:
1321:Male medalists
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
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1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Canoe marathon
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1138:
1119:(1): 234–241,
1100:
1091:
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1060:10.2307/630641
1033:
1000:
974:
944:
902:
901:
899:
896:
895:
894:
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884:
880:Kenepuru Sound
841:Main article:
838:
835:
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763:Main article:
760:
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740:
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729:
726:
616:Eastern Europe
604:Ural Mountains
586:
583:
571:Northern Italy
550:
547:
541:
538:
514:Constantine IV
494:Sea of Marmara
385:Ancient Greece
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
260:Methye Portage
247:
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210:Methye Portage
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43:Algonquin Park
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1577:Folding kayak
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1399:championships
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1372:Surf kayaking
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1019:(in French),
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986:(in French),
985:
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975:
971:on 2009-10-07
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861:Pacific Ocean
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624:Western Dvina
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33:
19:
2048:
2041:
2029:
2022:
1801:Competitions
1789:
1749:Paddle leash
1744:Paddle float
1710:
1597:Sprint canoe
1550:Modern boats
1541:Canoe livery
1511:Sea kayaking
1504: /
1476:Ocean Racing
1377:Snow boating
1270:Canoe slalom
1265:Canoe sprint
1202:. Retrieved
1188:
1165:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1116:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1051:
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1016:
1003:
987:
983:
977:
966:the original
957:
923:
917:
877:
869:Portage Road
846:
827:
813:between the
804:
784:
742:
731:
722:Cherdyn Road
715:
713:"to drag").
675:
652:
609:
560:
543:
502:Gothograecia
479:
441:
397:Saronic Gulf
391:between the
378:
376:
369:
333:
317:
306:Three Gorges
302:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
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268:
256:
249:
207:
176:
149:
134:
60:
56:
55:
2050:Waterwalker
1952:Canoe Wales
1633:Fur brigade
1367:Surf skiing
1357:Nouka Baich
1183:, June 1975
1054:: 152–155,
1042:Cook, R. M.
1023:: 526–529,
990:: 233–261,
926:: 134–138,
837:New Zealand
811:The passage
775:Adirondacks
753:Niger River
678:Volokolamsk
530:Justinian I
506:Dardanelles
444:Roman Egypt
232:Mavis Grind
185:, and even
2080:Categories
1764:Spray deck
1706:Kayak roll
1688:Techniques
1490:Recreation
1280:Canoe polo
1158:(1): 45–54
898:References
857:Tasman Sea
686:Lama River
565:River and
490:Aegean Sea
463:Alexandria
459:Xenocrates
322:canoe pack
314:York boats
287:gouvernail
279:gouvernail
226: mi)
203:tump lines
152:New France
1937:Paddle UK
1867:Festivals
1734:Outrigger
1721:Equipment
1678:Swan boat
1673:War canoe
1300:Paracanoe
1133:162205022
1082:Mnemosyne
798:route in
788:fur trade
648:Byzantium
640:Varangian
536:of 1915.
526:Long Wall
448:Oribasius
437:antiquity
252:Voyageurs
246:Technique
199:voyageurs
61:portaging
2096:Portages
1759:Sea sock
1506:kayaking
1471:Marathon
1347:Creeking
1309:Olympics
1251:kayaking
1247:Canoeing
1173:Archived
886:See also
865:Auckland
710:voločitʹ
705:волочить
669:and the
655:Gnezdovo
569:Lake in
522:Umayyads
492:and the
395:and the
326:tumpline
236:Shetland
164:cascades
135:portage.
18:Portages
2067:Outline
1754:Royalex
1711:Portage
1648:Rabaska
1204:22 July
1088:: 75–78
940:3855873
873:Otahuhu
859:to the
832:Oceania
815:Chicago
773:In the
733:Tarbert
718:Siberia
690:Russian
659:Khazars
628:Dnieper
467:Ptolemy
433:railway
426:⁄
412:⁄
401:Despots
380:Diolkos
371:Diolkos
350:History
341:⁄
240:isthmus
221:⁄
57:Portage
1778:Venues
1769:Tuilik
1739:Paddle
1658:Taimen
1628:Dugout
1618:Cayuco
1436:Slalom
1406:Sprint
1331:Venues
1131:
1068:630641
1066:
938:
745:Bamako
739:Africa
663:Sarkel
644:Orient
636:Russia
630:, and
612:Viking
585:Russia
581:Lake.
579:Loppio
510:Abydos
498:Thrace
355:Europe
318:pièces
291:avant.
179:canals
172:canoes
166:. The
160:rapids
145:Canada
140:porter
2015:Media
1663:Umiak
1587:Malia
1572:Flyak
1562:Kayak
1557:Canoe
1129:S2CID
1064:JSTOR
1013:(PDF)
969:(PDF)
962:(PDF)
936:JSTOR
849:Māori
720:(see
699:volok
694:волок
620:Volga
567:Garda
563:Adige
283:avant
275:avant
271:guide
191:strut
183:locks
181:with
2036:film
1668:Waka
1249:and
1206:2022
853:waka
817:and
749:Mali
680:and
646:and
500:and
471:Nile
377:The
334:pose
195:yoke
162:and
154:and
1397:ICF
1121:doi
1056:doi
1025:doi
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988:117
928:doi
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632:Don
234:in
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