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528:, and two of these can be unequivocally dated as having been taken during May 1886. One of McKay's photographs shows a warship anchored in Wellington harbour about two and a half kilometres away, with its rigging lines and gun ports clearly visible. The other, taken from the same point, is of a local hotel, the Shepherds Arms, about 100 metres distant from the camera. The masts of the ship are visible in the background. McKay's other photographic achievements include photo-micrographs, and a ‘shadow-less technique’ for photographing fossils.
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As a group, the front (object-facing) elements in a telephoto lens collectively have a positive focus, with an overall focal length that is shorter than the effective focal length of the lens. The converging rays from this group are intercepted by the rear (image-facing) lens group, sometimes called
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element of a given focal length; to focus on an object at infinity, the distance from this single lens to focal plane of the camera (where the sensor or film is) has to be adjusted to the focal length of that lens. For example, given a focal length of 500 mm, the distance between lens and focal
174:
The simplest telephoto lens can be regarded as having two elements: one (on the object side) converging and another (on the image side) diverging. Again, in practice, more than one element is used in each group to correct for various aberrations. The combination of these two groups produces a lens
139:
of a simple ("non-telephoto") lens is within the construction, the telephoto lens moves the optical centre in front of the construction. In other words, a telephoto lens might have a focal length of 400 mm, while it is shorter than that. While the length of a long-focus lens approximates its
206:
to relay the image that extends the light cone the same way the negative lens telephoto group does. The mirrors also fold the light path. This makes them much shorter, lighter, and cheaper than an all refractive lens, but some optical compromises, primarily the "doughnut" shape of out-of-focus
534:
Starting in the mid-1970s, Japanese manufacturers introduced telephoto lenses which focused by moving the smaller (diverging) rear group, rather than moving the entire optical system as a unit; in some cases, a second converging group was added behind the diverging group. This was marketed as
269:
or inverted telephotos, which have greater clearance from the rear element to the film plane than their focal length would permit with a conventional wide-angle lens optical design. This allows for greater clearance for other optical or mechanical parts such as the mirror parts in a
144:
refers to the physical length of a lens divided by its focal length; where long-focus lenses have a telephoto ratio around 1, telephoto lenses have a ratio less than 1. As an example, one modern lens (
179:
the "telephoto group," which has a negative focus. This second group of elements spread the cone of light so that it appears to have come from a lens of much greater focal length.
482:
lenses with a large range of focal lengths. The lens is completely stored inside the camera in switched-off state and has a maximum focal length (shown) of 384 mm (calculated
2601:
516:
In 1883 or 1884, New
Zealand photographer Alexander McKay discovered he could create a much more manageable long-focus lens by combining a shorter focal length telescope
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905:, Shuji Ogino, "Telephoto lens system having an improved focusing capability", published November 21, 1978, assigned to Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
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plane is 500 mm. The farther the focal length is increased, the more the physical length of such a simple lens makes it unwieldy. In practice, to minimize
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with the invention of the photographic telephoto lens in 1891, though it was independently invented by others about the same time; some credit his father
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Diagram of a typical telephoto lens with a large positive lens and a smaller negative telephoto group combined to create a much longer focal length -
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862:"On Some Means for increasing the Scale of Photographic Lenses, and the Use of Telescopic Powers in Connection with an Ordinary Camera"
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are the same for telephoto lenses of the same specified focal length. Long-focal-length lenses are often informally referred to as
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Inverting the telephoto configuration, employing one or more negative lens groups in front of a positive lens group, creates a
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McKay presented his work to the
Wellington Philosophical Society (the precursor of the Royal Society of New Zealand) in 1890.
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886:, Soichi Nakamura, "Telephoto lens system", published September 12, 1978, assigned to Nippon Kogaku K. K.
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But such simple lenses are not telephoto lenses, no matter how extreme the focal length – they are known as
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to modify the light cone. Some of his photographs are preserved in the holdings of the
Turnbull Library in
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A diagram of light travel through a wide-angle lens showing how focal length can be shorter than the lens.
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This same property is achieved in camera lenses that combine mirrors with lenses. These designs, called
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155:) achieves a telephoto ratio of 0.58 in part due to a front (converging) lens group which incorporates
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that are telephotos at one extreme of the zoom range and retrofocus at the other are now common.
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that extends the light path to create a long-focus lens in a much shorter overall design. The
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A 150–500 mm telephoto zoom lens, physically much shorter than its maximum focal length.
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internal focusing, differential focusing, or rear focusing and the concept was derived from
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as the primary objective with some form of negative lens in front of the mirror to correct
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assembly that is physically shorter than a long-focus lens producing the same image size.
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focal length, a telephoto lens manages to be shorter than its focal length. The term
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462:(1981), a 35 mm camera with a telephoto zoom lens with 70-210 mm focal length.
66:
596:
Jacobson, Ralph; Ray, Sidney; Attridge, Geoffrey G.; Axford, Norman (2000-08-17).
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The telephoto lens design has also been used for wide angles; in the case of the
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The Real McKay: The remarkable life of
Alexander McKay, geologist. (1841-1917)
525:
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The concept of the telephoto lens, in reflecting form, was first described by
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highlights, are caused by the central obstruction from the secondary mirror.
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The
Dictionary of Photography for the Amateur and Professional Photographer
30:"Telephoto" redirects here. For the technique for transmitting images, see
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The heaviest non-Catadioptric telephoto lens for civilian use was made by
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Telephoto lenses are sometimes divided into the further sub-types of
69:. This is achieved by incorporating a special lens group known as a
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Typical telephoto lens focal lengths (mm) for different formats
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65:, in which the physical length of the lens is shorter than the
1024:
812:"Alexander McKay: New Zealand's first scientific photographer"
675:
101:
with a physical length about the same as its focal length.
1013:
3 part series on Cheap Super
Telephoto Lenses (300-500mm)
726:"Wide-Angle vs. Telephoto: Which Lens Should You Choose?"
265:
with an increased back focal distance. These are called
113:
A simple photographic lens may be constructed using one
520:
lens with negative lenses and other optical parts from
214:
and has a focal length of 1700 mm with a maximum
238:
203 FE camera and weighs 256 kg (564 lb).
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306:(135–300 mm in 35 mm film format) and
786:The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge
310:(over 300 mm in 35 mm film format).
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591:
589:
8:
302:(85–135 mm in 35 mm film format),
2592:Conservation and restoration of photographs
2319:Comparison of digital and film photography
1047:
1033:
1025:
739:Edward John Wall and Thomas Bolas (1902).
651:"Zeiss Apo Sonnar T* 1700 mm F4 lens"
486:), minimum is 24 mm, a zoom factor of 16×.
312:
192:catadioptric, 'reflex', or 'mirror' lenses
27:Type of camera lens with long focal length
2544:Photographs considered the most important
1003:Information on Catadioptric mirror lenses
866:Transactions of the New Zealand Institute
626:Camera Lenses: From Box Camera to Digital
1021:showing how a telephoto zoom lens works.
505:Histories of photography usually credit
227:, implying a 425 mm (16.7 in)
745:. London: Hazell, Watson, and Viney Ld.
585:
186:Diagram of a catadioptric mirrors lens.
1008:Further clarification: Why Telephoto?
7:
922:"Nikkor Lenses, Code No. 8C2-00-E05"
2539:Museums devoted to one photographer
839:. Dunedin: Otago University Press.
2081:Timeline of photography technology
978:. SPIE Optical Engineering Press.
947:"Canon FD Lenses, pub. C.-CE-132B"
290:Portrait photography § Lenses
25:
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2632:
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231:. It is designed for use with a
41:A collection of telephoto lenses
2643:
701:"FAQ: What is a Portrait Lens?"
699:Dam, Peter (November 7, 2022).
623:Smith, Gregory Hallock (2006).
1:
2131:Painted photography backdrops
2063:Golden triangle (composition)
1343:35 mm equivalent focal length
783:New York Times Staff (2004).
629:. Society of Photo Optical.
498:of 1611, and re-invented by
97:A 500 mm non-telephoto
79:effects of long-focus lenses
1841:Intentional camera movement
1017:Stanford University CS 178
759:Reflecting Telescope Optics
2686:
2534:Most expensive photographs
1886:Multi-exposure HDR capture
952:. Canon Inc. November 1981
655:Digital Photography Review
507:Thomas Rudolphus Dallmeyer
287:
53:, is a specific type of a
29:
2627:
272:single-lens reflex camera
202:. They also use a curved
2468:Digital image processing
1019:interactive Flash applet
860:Alexander McKay (1891).
602:. Taylor & Francis.
564:Photographic lens design
484:equivalent to 35 mm film
476:Panasonic Lumix DMC-TZ18
2576:Photography periodicals
2136:Photography and the law
472:compact digital cameras
2488:Gelatin silver process
1512:Science of photography
1497:Photographic processes
1475:Perspective distortion
903:US Patent 4126378A
884:US Patent 4113357A
833:Graham Bishop (2008).
756:Ray N. Wilson (2004).
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1941:Schlieren photography
1485:Photographic printing
1408:Exposure compensation
976:Optics in Photography
810:Simon Nathan (2018).
599:Manual of Photography
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146:Canon EF 400 mm
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96:
40:
1730:Straight photography
1368:Chromatic aberration
511:John Henry Dallmeyer
2670:Photographic lenses
2602:photographic plates
2277:Digital photography
1460:Hyperfocal distance
1373:Circle of confusion
434:4×5 (large format)
346:Naming convention:
315:
200:optical aberrations
120:optical aberrations
2096:Autochrome Lumière
2091:Analog photography
1916:Pigeon photography
1710:Social documentary
1189:discontinued films
559:Secret photography
549:Afocal photography
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2448:Collodion process
2384:Chromogenic print
2371:Color photography
1881:Multiple exposure
1856:Lo-fi photography
1388:Color temperature
972:Kingslake, Rudolf
927:. Nikon Inc. 1984
846:978-1-877372-22-3
796:978-0-312-31367-8
769:978-3-540-40106-3
676:"XA The Original"
636:978-0-8194-6093-6
609:978-1-136-09118-6
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267:retrofocus lenses
249:Retrofocus lenses
132:long-focus lenses
16:(Redirected from
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2508:Print permanence
2453:Cross processing
2411:CMYK color model
2396:Color management
2349:Foveon X3 sensor
2344:Three-CCD camera
1988:Miniature faking
1946:Sabattier effect
1563:Astrophotography
1418:Zebra patterning
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728:. 13 April 2021.
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1305:Movie projector
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460:Canon New F-1
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75:angle of view
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39:
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19:
18:Portrait lens
2614:Polaroid art
2503:K-14 process
2498:Instant film
2493:Gum printing
2443:C-41 process
2428:Photographic
2329:Image sensor
2324:Film scanner
1978:Sun printing
1911:Print toning
1703:space selfie
1673:Pictorialism
1603:Ethnographic
1583:Conservation
1455:Guide number
1450:Focal length
1287:
975:
966:
954:. Retrieved
941:
929:. Retrieved
916:
897:
878:
869:
865:
855:
835:
828:
819:
815:
805:
785:
778:
762:. Springer.
758:
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741:
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708:. Retrieved
704:
694:
683:. Retrieved
679:
670:
658:. Retrieved
654:
645:
625:
618:
598:
533:
530:
515:
504:
500:Peter Barlow
495:
489:
478:(2010) have
307:
303:
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295:
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276:
260:
240:
209:
189:
177:
173:
167:
141:
135:. While the
130:
128:
112:
89:Construction
82:
70:
67:focal length
50:
46:
44:
2619:Stereoscopy
2478:E-6 process
2473:Dye coupler
2401:color space
2314:Digiscoping
2307:camera back
2222:Philippines
2151:Visual arts
2141:Glass plate
2126:Heliography
2025:Composition
2000:Ultraviolet
1956:Stereoscopy
1951:Slow motion
1936:Scanography
1851:Kite aerial
1796:Contre-jour
1688:Post-mortem
1678:Pornography
1658:Neues Sehen
1593:Documentary
1527:Zone System
1502:Reciprocity
1428:Film format
1358:Backscatter
1336:Terminology
1206:beauty dish
1110:rangefinder
1075:light-field
1056:Photography
569:Barlow lens
554:Film format
443:2250–15000
402:35 mm
278:Zoom lenses
59:photography
2609:Lomography
2430:processing
2379:Print film
2295:comparison
2262:Uzbekistan
2212:Luxembourg
2172:Bangladesh
2121:Dufaycolor
2101:Box camera
2058:Simplicity
2015:Zoom burst
2010:Xerography
2005:Vignetting
1995:Time-lapse
1983:Tilt–shift
1876:Mordançage
1866:Luminogram
1831:Holography
1826:High-speed
1806:Fill flash
1791:Burst mode
1769:Techniques
1750:Vernacular
1745:Underwater
1740:Toy camera
1720:Still life
1648:Monochrome
1638:High-speed
1588:Cloudscape
1578:Conceptual
1480:Photograph
1465:Lens flare
1445:Film speed
1327:Zone plate
1273:wide-angle
1258:long-focus
872:: 461–465.
710:18 October
685:2017-02-08
580:References
526:Wellington
440:1000–2250
369:110–734.5
363:25.5–49.5
288:See also:
243:Olympus XA
236:Hasselblad
212:Carl Zeiss
77:and other
2554:Norwegian
2518:Stop bath
2463:Developer
2458:Cyanotype
2086:Ambrotype
2048:Lead room
1971:Slit-scan
1906:Photogram
1901:Panoramic
1811:Fireworks
1643:Landscape
1288:telephoto
1236:reflector
1231:monolight
1226:lens hood
1211:cucoloris
1152:safelight
1063:Equipment
660:1 October
574:Zoom lens
539:designs.
537:zoom lens
518:objective
513:in 1860.
502:in 1834.
496:Dioptrice
480:superzoom
474:like the
437:550–1000
429:550–3660
411:300–2000
397:195–1310
383:150–1000
366:49.5–110
331:(format)
194:, have a
32:Wirephoto
2664:Category
2638:Category
2334:CMOS APS
2232:Slovenia
2160:Regional
2106:Calotype
2043:Headroom
1921:Redscale
1836:Infrared
1786:Brenizer
1760:Wildlife
1683:Portrait
1628:Forensic
1618:Fine-art
1553:Aircraft
1543:Abstract
1423:F-number
1403:Exposure
1378:Clipping
1353:Aperture
1221:hot shoe
1147:enlarger
1142:Darkroom
974:(1992).
822:: 35–49.
543:See also
426:250–550
423:130–250
418:120 film
320:Angle of
300:portrait
216:aperture
57:used in
51:telelens
2649:Outline
2585:Related
2267:Vietnam
2252:Ukraine
2187:Denmark
2167:Albania
2146:Tintype
2073:History
2038:Framing
1931:Rollout
1896:Panning
1846:Kirlian
1755:Wedding
1633:Glamour
1613:Fashion
1598:Eclipse
1568:Banquet
1490:Albumen
1300:Monopod
1278:fisheye
1246:softbox
1100:pinhole
1090:instant
1080:digital
956:29 July
931:29 July
816:Tuhinga
705:Adorama
494:in his
450:History
408:135–300
394:90–195
380:65–150
324:(diag.)
2647:
2636:
2564:street
2559:Polish
2247:Turkey
2242:Taiwan
2227:Serbia
2217:Norway
2192:Greece
2177:Canada
1776:Afocal
1735:Street
1715:Sports
1698:Selfie
1653:Nature
1608:Erotic
1573:Candid
1548:Aerial
1536:Genres
1438:medium
1315:Tripod
1283:swivel
1196:Filter
1174:holder
1169:format
1070:Camera
982:
909:
890:
843:
793:
766:
633:
606:
405:70–135
391:45–90
388:APS-C
377:35–65
355:Super
352:Medium
335:34–18°
327:Sensor
304:medium
284:Naming
2569:women
2527:Lists
2483:Fixer
2361:Pixel
2290:D-SLR
2237:Sudan
2207:Korea
2202:Japan
2197:India
2182:China
1966:Strip
1891:Night
1871:Macro
1781:Bokeh
1725:Stock
1693:Ruins
1433:large
1263:prime
1241:snoot
1201:Flash
1179:stock
1120:still
1105:press
1095:phone
1085:field
950:(PDF)
925:(PDF)
470:Some
416:6×6 (
341:8–1°
338:18–8°
308:super
296:short
153:DO IS
2597:film
2302:MILC
1801:ETTR
1663:Nude
1623:Fire
1522:Sync
1320:head
1268:zoom
1253:Lens
1216:gobo
1164:base
1159:Film
1135:view
980:ISBN
958:2024
933:2024
870:XIII
841:ISBN
791:ISBN
764:ISBN
712:2023
662:2006
631:ISBN
604:ISBN
374:4/3
329:size
322:view
115:lens
61:and
2339:CCD
1130:toy
1125:TLR
1115:SLR
360:1"
298:or
218:of
2666::
868:.
864:.
820:29
818:.
814:.
703:.
678:.
653:.
588:^
458:A
420:)
274:.
224:/4
159:.
151:/4
126:.
45:A
1048:e
1041:t
1034:v
988:.
960:.
935:.
849:.
799:.
772:.
714:.
688:.
664:.
639:.
612:.
222:f
170:.
168:f
149:f
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
