316:, feeding on the lakebed on insect larvae and crustaceans. In Loch Lomond, this fish exhibits a pattern of daily migration to feeding sites and of seasonal migration to breeding grounds. Before the breeding season, the mature males begin to congregate in deep water near the spawning beds; these are shallow areas of gravel and pebbles washed by waves. In late December and January they move into the shallows where they are joined by the ripe females, and spawning is completed by early February, after which the fish disperse to other parts of the loch. The eggs are eaten by
75:
1772:
1760:
50:
1784:
31:
581:
1236:
514:
Etheridge, E.C.; C. E. Adams; C. W. Bean; N. C. Durie; A. R. D. Gowans; C. Harrod; A. A. Lyle; P. S. Maitland; and I. J. Winfield (2012). Are phenotypic traits useful for differentiating among a priori
Coregonus taxa? Journal of Fish Biology 80: 387–407.
1369:
1938:
2031:
276:
The taxonomic status of the
British whitefish populations, including powan, is a matter of debate. Currently the Scottish powan, along with the Welsh
1912:
424:
1951:
1362:
273:, which eats powan eggs and fry. As a conservation action, an attempt to establish populations in four additional lochs has been undertaken.
613:
2051:
2041:
1873:
1355:
292:). This accords with the close genetic similarity among these units, and the absence of clear morphological differences between them.
536:
185:
2003:
2046:
1606:
585:
1956:
448:
1977:
1750:
486:
Hydroacoustic assessment of the introduced powan populations of Carron Valley
Reservoir and Loch Sloy. Final Report.
74:
1891:
1731:
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1724:
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1217:
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1188:
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1155:
964:
726:
169:
1041:
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2008:
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1117:
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622:
243:
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1257:
1202:
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39:
269:
Powan populations are relatively healthy, but may have been negatively impacted by the introduced
2036:
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1995:
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59:
1069:
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325:
473:
Hundreds of rare powan fish to be released into Loch Lomond in conservation effort
1982:
1925:
1832:
1764:
1419:
317:
251:
30:
1823:
1783:
1338:
136:
126:
451:
Dualchas NĂ dair na h-Alba (Scottish Nature
Heritage) (Accessed 17 April 2010)
1878:
1347:
1248:
844:
634:
334:
259:
146:
86:
280:
known from a single lake, and four similar populations in
England known as
580:
566:. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. p. 374.
1899:
1817:
1306:
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255:
247:
106:
1904:
1917:
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96:
1794:
1315:
270:
1865:
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1448:
1235:
986:
906:
300:
continue to recognize the
Scottish powan as a distinct species,
297:
284:, are generally considered belonging to the widespread Eurasian
1798:
1351:
595:
485:
258:. It has been successfully introduced in two other sites,
461:
Powan project to ensure survival of rare UK fish species
338:
larvae, and the adult powan are heavily predated by the
1748:
1807:
1692:
1671:
1651:
1644:
1620:
1585:
1555:
1522:
1515:
1481:
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1301:
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358:
8:
394:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135566A4146283.en
1795:
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1370:
1356:
1348:
614:
600:
592:
48:
29:
20:
392:
425:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
1755:
499:Aspects of the conservation biology of
369:Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008).
354:
484:Winfield, I,J., Fletcher, J.M. (2008)
444:
442:
7:
1892:ab4c0c4c-0f4a-42ec-a33e-fae3544ad744
488:Natural Environment Research Council
380:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
1089:(humpback whitefish or pidschian)
475:news.scotsman.com (23 March 2010)
449:Vendace and Powan: the Coregonids
2032:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
1782:
1770:
1758:
1234:
579:
521:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03189.x
463:fishnewseu.com (9 February 2010)
73:
1:
655:(European cisco or vendace)
560:Maitland, Peter S. (1970).
2073:
832:(Lake Constance whitefish)
2052:Endemic fauna of Scotland
2042:Freshwater fish of Europe
1732:Syringammina fragilissima
1383:
1378:Endemic biota of Scotland
1335:
1232:
200:
193:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1725:Lopheliella rockallensis
535:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
246:endemic to two lochs in
563:Sport Fishery Abstracts
264:Carron Valley Reservoir
220:Coregonus microcephalus
2047:Fish described in 1803
1285:(Bonneville whitefish)
1183:C. vandesius (vendace)
1711:Hippasteria phrygiana
1602:Perthshire beard-moss
1437:St. Kilda house mouse
1432:St. Kilda field mouse
1426:Sorex araneus grantii
1261:(Bear Lake whitefish)
549:. March 2010 version.
505:University of Glasgow
497:Etheridge E.C (2009)
387:: e.T135566A4146283.
1887:Fauna Europaea (new)
1853:Coregonus_clupeoides
1839:Coregonus clupeoides
1809:Coregonus clupeoides
1612:Scottish thread-moss
1293:(mountain whitefish)
886:(Atlantic whitefish)
623:Freshwater whitefish
588:at Wikimedia Commons
586:Coregonus clupeoides
539:Coregonus clupeoides
418:Coregonus clupeoides
373:Coregonus clupeoides
346:) at breeding time.
302:Coregonus clupeoides
244:freshwater whitefish
239:Coregonus clupeoides
179:Coregonus clupeoides
1663:White script lichen
1607:Scottish beard-moss
1597:Dixon's thread-moss
1547:St. Kilda dandelion
1524:Flowers & ferns
501:Coregonus lavaretus
332:), other powan and
290:Coregonus lavaretus
212:Coregonus lacepedei
40:Conservation status
1718:Jamesiella scotica
1632:Northern prongwort
1567:Arran service tree
1542:Shetland mouse-ear
1532:Newman's lady-fern
1463:Scottish crossbill
1319:(nelma or inconnu)
1014:(Alaska whitefish)
968:(Peipsi whitefish)
647:(autumn brienzlig)
645:Coregonus albellus
207:Valenciennes, 1848
161:C. clupeoides
2019:
2018:
1991:Open Tree of Life
1801:Taxon identifiers
1746:
1745:
1688:
1687:
1640:
1639:
1577:Catacol whitebeam
1537:Scottish primrose
1511:
1510:
1393:Flora of Scotland
1388:Fauna of Scotland
1345:
1344:
1277:(round whitefish)
1269:(pygmy whitefish)
1112:(shortnose cisco)
1006:(broad whitefish)
952:C. macrophthalmus
895:(deepwater cisco)
878:(Ives Lake cisco)
584:Media related to
230:
229:
224:
216:
208:
204:Coregonus cepedii
63:
2064:
2012:
2011:
1999:
1998:
1986:
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1983:NHMSYS0020755073
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1841:
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1827:
1826:
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1787:
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1762:
1761:
1754:
1700:European wildcat
1649:
1558:Arran whitebeams
1520:
1406:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1349:
1238:
1212:(shortjaw cisco)
1149:C. subautumnalis
1022:(blackfin cisco)
772:(lake whitefish)
616:
609:
602:
593:
583:
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286:common whitefish
222:
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181:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
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1572:Arran whitebeam
1551:
1507:
1477:
1442:
1397:
1379:
1376:
1346:
1341:
1331:
1303:
1297:
1275:P. cylindraceum
1245:
1239:
1230:
1218:C. zuerichensis
1135:(sardine cisco)
1103:C. pravdinellus
770:C. clupeaformis
664:(longjaw cisco)
631:
625:
620:
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571:
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420:Lacepède, 1803"
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330:Rutilus rutilus
310:
242:) is a kind of
189:
183:
177:
164:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of fish
12:
11:
5:
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1495:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1473:St. Kilda wren
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Fair Isle wren
1454:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1434:
1429:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1403:
1399:
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1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1325:S. leucichthys
1321:
1312:
1310:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1291:P. williamsoni
1287:
1279:
1271:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1177:C. ussuriensis
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1141:C. stigmaticus
1137:
1129:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1075:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1020:C. nigripinnis
1016:
1008:
1000:
992:
988:C. migratorius
984:
977:
970:
966:C. maraenoides
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
925:(Bering cisco)
919:
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834:
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795:
788:
781:
774:
766:
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745:
738:
731:
728:C. baicalensis
724:
717:
715:(Arctic cisco)
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574:External links
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533:Froese, Rainer
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1501:
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1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:Shetland wren
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:
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1418:
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1415:
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1412:
1407:
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1400:
1394:
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1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1327:(beloribitsa)
1326:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1283:P. spilonotus
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1259:P. abyssicola
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1242:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1210:C. zenithicus
1207:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1133:C. sardinella
1130:
1128:
1127:
1126:C. restrictus
1122:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1084:
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1080:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1049:C. oxyrinchus
1046:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
991:
989:
985:
983:
982:
978:
976:
975:
974:C. maxillaris
971:
969:
967:
963:
961:
960:
956:
954:
953:
949:
947:
946:
942:
940:
939:
938:C. lucinensis
935:
933:
932:
928:
926:
924:
920:
918:
917:
913:
911:
909:
905:
903:
902:
898:
896:
894:
889:
887:
885:
884:C. huntsmanni
881:
879:
877:
873:
871:
869:
865:
863:
862:
858:
856:
855:
851:
849:
847:
842:
840:
839:
835:
833:
831:
830:C. gutturosus
826:
824:
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807:
803:
801:
800:
796:
794:
793:
789:
787:
786:
782:
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779:
778:C. clupeoides
775:
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764:
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746:
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743:
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725:
723:
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718:
716:
714:
713:C. autumnalis
710:
708:
707:
706:C. austriacus
703:
701:
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699:C. atterensis
696:
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684:C. arenicolus
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349:
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340:northern pike
337:
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314:benthopelagic
312:This fish is
307:
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223:Parnell, 1838
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170:Binomial name
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127:Salmoniformes
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1498:Orkney charr
1482:
1447:
1424:
1409:
1324:
1316:
1305:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1267:P. coulterii
1266:
1258:
1247:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1203:C. widegreni
1201:
1196:C. wartmanni
1194:
1187:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1110:C. reighardi
1109:
1101:
1094:
1087:C. pidschian
1086:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1003:
995:
987:
979:
972:
965:
957:
950:
943:
936:
931:C. lavaretus
929:
923:C. laurettae
922:
914:
907:
899:
892:
883:
875:
867:
859:
852:
845:
838:C. heglingus
836:
829:
821:
813:
804:
797:
790:
783:
777:
776:
769:
761:
754:
747:
742:C. bavaricus
740:
733:
727:
719:
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697:
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682:
677:C. anaulorum
675:
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510:
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456:
429:. Retrieved
423:
417:
410:
398:. Retrieved
384:
378:
372:
343:
333:
329:
326:common roach
322:Salmo trutta
321:
311:
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238:
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233:
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219:
211:
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178:
176:
160:
159:
147:
18:
1926:iNaturalist
1833:Wikispecies
1705:Flame shell
1493:Haddy charr
1420:Orkney vole
1402:Vertebrates
1225:C. zugensis
1189:C. vessicus
1156:C. suidteri
1079:C. pennatii
1064:C. pallasii
1028:C. nilssoni
1012:C. nelsonii
981:C. megalops
893:C. johannae
848:(gravenche)
846:C. hiemalis
822:C. fontanae
816:(true fera)
785:C. confusus
756:C. candidus
503:in Britain.
344:Esox lucius
318:brown trout
252:Loch Lomond
2026:Categories
1623:Liverworts
1339:Salmonidae
1302:Members of
1244:Members of
1163:C. trybomi
1042:C. nobilis
1035:C. nipigon
959:C. maraena
945:C. lutokka
916:C. ladogae
861:C. holsata
792:C. danneri
763:C. chadary
670:C. alpinus
662:C. alpenae
630:Members of
350:References
137:Salmonidae
55:Vulnerable
2037:Coregonus
1439:(extinct)
1249:Prosopium
1143:(schelly)
1095:C. pollan
1081:(gwyniad)
1057:C. palaea
1051:(houting)
996:C. muksun
901:C. kiletz
876:C. hubbsi
870:(bloater)
854:C. hoferi
806:C. fatioi
799:C. duplex
749:C. bezola
735:C. baunti
721:C. baerii
691:C. artedi
653:C. albula
635:Coregonus
335:Phryganea
260:Loch Sloy
155:Species:
148:Coregonus
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1944:10136698
1900:FishBase
1824:Q2705955
1818:Wikidata
1693:See also
1317:S. nelma
1307:Stenodus
1170:C. tugun
1118:C. renke
1097:(pollan)
1071:C. peled
1004:C. nasus
998:(muksun)
546:FishBase
296:and the
294:FishBase
262:and the
256:Loch Eck
248:Scotland
195:Synonyms
186:Lacépède
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2009:1022930
1996:3642553
1918:2351049
1866:1156799
1789:Biology
1777:Animals
1751:Portals
1738:Vendace
1654:Lichens
1411:Mammals
1337:Family
1073:(peled)
908:C. kiyi
868:C. hoyi
814:C. fera
693:(cisco)
431:1 March
400:1 March
308:Ecology
282:schelly
278:gwyniad
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1970:135566
1957:623407
1645:Mycota
1588:Mosses
1304:genus
1246:genus
990:(omul)
910:(kiyi)
632:genus
188:, 1803
24:Powan
2057:Cowal
2004:WoRMS
1939:IRMNG
1931:98446
1905:49276
1879:15324
1874:EUNIS
1674:Fungi
1516:Flora
1503:Powan
1449:Birds
271:ruffe
234:powan
1965:IUCN
1952:ITIS
1913:GBIF
1765:Fish
1484:Fish
433:2024
402:2024
385:2008
298:IUCN
254:and
232:The
1978:NBN
1861:EoL
1848:ADW
517:doi
389:doi
324:),
2028::
2006::
1993::
1980::
1967::
1954::
1941::
1928::
1915::
1902::
1889::
1876::
1863::
1850::
1835::
1820::
543:.
441:^
422:.
383:.
377:.
357:^
304:.
266:.
250:,
1753::
1371:e
1364:t
1357:v
1123:â€
890:â€
843:â€
827:â€
811:â€
659:â€
615:e
608:t
601:v
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435:.
416:"
404:.
391::
375:"
371:"
342:(
328:(
320:(
288:(
236:(
62:)
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