751:
cycle) to compensate for higher instruction latency, replaced an external L2 cache (up to 2 MB 2-way set associative, 64-bit data path) with an integrated one (256 KB 8-way set associative, 256-bit data path), supported an external L3 cache (up to 2 MB 8-way set associative, 64-bit data path), and featured many other architectural advancements. The AltiVec unit was improved with the 7450; instead of executing one vector
576:. The Power Mac series was downgraded abruptly from 400, 450, and 500 MHz processor speeds to 350, 400, and 450 MHz while problems with the chip were ironed out. The incident generated a rift in the Apple-Motorola relationship, and reportedly caused Apple to ask IBM for assistance to get the production yields up on the Motorola 7400 series line. The 500 MHz model was reintroduced on February 16, 2000.
1100:
784:
1051:
743:
823:. The 7457 and 7457A have an additional L3 cache interface, supporting up to 4 MB of L3 cache, up from 2 MB supported by the 7455 and 7450. However, its frequency scaling stagnated when Apple chose to use the 7447(s) instead of the 7457(s), despite the 7457 being the L3 cache-enabled successor to the L3 cache-enabled 7455 that Apple used before.
1450:
1510:
1393:
1334:
1275:
1218:
1157:
996:
735:
750:
The PowerPC 7450 "Voyager"/"V'ger" was the only major redesign of the G4 processor. The 33-million transistor chip extended significantly the execution pipeline of 7400 (7 vs. 4 stages minimum) to reach higher clock speeds, improved instruction throughput (3 + branch vs. 2 + branch per
694:
families, and the notably more advanced MPX bus. Devices that utilize the 60x bus can be made compatible with either 6xx or 7xx processors, enabling a wide variety of offerings and a clear and cheap upgrade path while keeping compatibility issues at a minimum. There are primarily two companies
865:
The PowerPC 7448 "Apollo 8" is an evolution of the PowerPC 7447B announced at the first
Freescale Technology Forum in June 2005. Improvements were a larger 1 MB L2 cache, a faster 200 MHz front side bus, and lower power consumption (18 W at 1.7 GHz). It was fabricated in a
755:
and one vector ALU (simple int, complex int, float) instruction per cycle like 7400/7410, the 7450 and its
Motorola/Freescale-followers can execute two arbitrary vector instructions simultaneously (permute, simple int, complex int, float). It was introduced with the 733 MHz
643:
microprocessors at the time, this feature offered a substantial performance boost to applications designed to take advantage of the AltiVec unit. Some examples are Adobe
Photoshop which utilises the AltiVec unit for faster rendering of effects and transitions, and Apple's
596:, designed the chip together with Motorola in its Somerset design center, but chose not to manufacture it, because it did not see the need back then for the Vector Processing Unit. Ultimately, the G4 architecture design contained a 128-bit vector processing unit labelled
509:
Apple completely phased out the G4 series for desktop models after it selected the 64-bit IBM-produced PowerPC 970 processor as the basis for its PowerPC G5 series. The last desktop model that used the G4 was the Mac Mini. The last portable to use the G4 was the
630:
With the AltiVec unit, the 7400 microprocessor can do four-way single precision (32-bit) floating point math, or 16-way 8-bit, 8-way 16-bit or four-way 32-bit integer math in a single cycle. Furthermore, the vector processing unit is
791:
The PowerPC 7455 "Apollo 6" was introduced in
January 2002. It came with a wider, 256-bit on-chip cache path, and was fabricated in Motorola's 0.18 μm (180 nm) HiPerMOS process with copper interconnects and
537:. Besides desktop computers the PowerPC G4 was popular in embedded environments, like routers, telecom switches, imaging, media processing, avionics and military applications, where one can take full advantage of the
1831:
819:) Freescale was able to reach a slightly higher clock. The 7447B is effectively a 7447A with even higher frequency scaling, with clock rates up to 1.7 GHz officially and easily up to 2.4 GHz through
920:
devices, and introduced a new naming scheme, MPC86xx. The 7448 was to be the last pure G4 and it formed the base of the new e600 core with a seven-stage, three-issue pipeline, and a powerful
711:
The PowerPC 7410 "Nitro" is a low-power version of the 7400 but it was manufactured at 180 nm instead of 200 nm. Like the 7400 it has 10.5 million transistors. It debuted in the
421:
1824:
718:
The chip added the ability to use all or half of its cache as high-speed, non-cached memory mapped to the processor's physical address space as desired. This feature was used by
1817:
553:
The PowerPC 7400 (code-named "Max") debuted in August 1999 and was the first processor to carry the "G4" moniker. The chip operates at speeds ranging from 350 to 500
1698:
796:. It was the first processor in an Apple computer to pass the 1 GHz mark. The 7445 is the same chip without the L3 cache interface. The 7455 is used in the
1562:
414:
815:
process with SOI, hence drawing less power. It has 58 million transistors. With the 7447A, which introduced an integrated thermal diode as well as DFS (
1716:
407:
1748:
853:
software with the 7457 installed may mistake the AmigaOne for a
Pegasos II computer as there were never any official 7457 boards released by
369:
1699:"Network Processing Engine and Network Services Engine Installation and Configuration - NPE-G2 Overview [Cisco 7200 Series Routers]"
937:
This list is a complete list of known G4 based designs (excluding newer core e600 designs). The pictures are illustrations and not to scale.
2387:
873:
Daystar for their High-Res
Aluminum PowerBook G4 upgrades (Daystar's Low-Res Aluminum PowerBook G4 upgrades used the 7447A, not the 7448)
1769:
1595:
379:
2382:
354:
2377:
2392:
811:
The PowerPC 7447 "Apollo 7" is slightly improved from the 7450/55, it has a 512 KB on-chip L2 cache and was manufactured in a
1636:
838:
are Giga
Designs, Sonnet Technology, Daystar Technology (they use the 7457 only for iMac G4 upgrades) and PowerLogix. The
1607:
MC7447A/B/C Microprocessor MOS-13 HiP7SOI 41 - L25S / 42 - L25S / 53 – L25S / 55 – L25S / 58 – L25S Qualification Report
760:
on 9 January 2001. Motorola followed with an interim release, the 7451, codenamed "Apollo 6", just like the 7455. Early
569:
2220:
1853:
374:
1606:
611:, for which IBM reused the old 7400 design they still had from the design they did with Motorola in Somerset. The
816:
652:
542:
108:
1618:
723:
700:
558:
2193:
453:
2102:
925:
924:
which handles up to sixteen instructions out-of-order. It has an enhanced AltiVec unit capable of limited
22:
1809:
1935:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1988:
1879:
1840:
1770:
http://static6.arrow.com/aropdfconversion/ad4aa5d5f0e38c4028118cabe7ce2d17a41e7530/pmppc7448%20ds.pdf
793:
696:
624:
344:
287:
280:
557:
and contains 10.5 million transistors, manufactured using
Motorola's 0.20 μm HiPerMOS6 process. The
752:
660:
1756:
486:
desktops all took their name from the processor. PowerPC G4 microprocessors were also used in the
1983:
1734:
562:
1637:"AmigaOne XE, manual cites incorrect vCore?? [Forums - AmigaOS4] - The Amigans website"
572:
proved too low initially. This forced Apple to take back the advertised 500 MHz models of
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835:
612:
483:
321:
304:
273:
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2010:
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2252:
2247:
1998:
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1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1582:
719:
525:
The PowerPC G4 microprocessors were also popular in other computer systems, such as the
452:. Apple has applied this name to various (though closely related) processor models from
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1953:
1948:
1943:
676:
656:
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suite which takes advantage of the unit for importing and converting files on the fly.
449:
2371:
2239:
2183:
2168:
1892:
1887:
812:
359:
73:
68:
619:
also features VMX, with added proprietary extensions made especially for
Microsoft.
2347:
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48:
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604:
568:
Motorola had promised Apple to deliver parts with speed up to 500 MHz, but
519:
503:
230:
206:
193:
188:
182:
787:
A 1.25 GHz (Even faster) Sample 7445 EVT prototype on an iMac G4 DVT model
2342:
2173:
585:
438:
311:
554:
467:
364:
30:
2332:
783:
600:
by
Motorola while Apple marketing referred to it as the "Velocity Engine".
888:
Extreme Engineering Solutions for their XPedite6244 single board computer
797:
761:
616:
526:
495:
457:
253:
1791:
Gwennap, Linley (16 November 1998). "G4 Is First PowerPC With AltiVec".
1050:
742:
584:
Much of the 7400 design was done by Motorola in close co-operation with
2126:
2063:
2058:
854:
850:
839:
831:
826:
The only companies that offer the 7457 in the form of upgrades for the
608:
597:
538:
530:
515:
499:
460:. Motorola and Freescale's proper name of this family of processors is
446:
384:
241:
169:
90:
26:
2337:
1749:"C104 PowerPC® MPC7448 CompactPCI SBC | Aitech Rugged COTS Solutions"
894:
843:
620:
534:
491:
236:
212:
164:
159:
154:
149:
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136:
129:
122:
115:
1657:(Press release). Bassano del Grappa, Italy: ACube. February 24, 2007
1449:
738:
An 800 MHz (Fast) Motorola PowerPC 7450 on a Power Mac G4 CPU module
1509:
1392:
1333:
1274:
1217:
1156:
995:
882:
Cisco in NPE-G2 network processor module for their 7200VXR routers
734:
2178:
2050:
741:
645:
636:
635:, and can do two vector operations at the same time. Compared to
511:
475:
85:
849:
The 7457 is often used to repair an AmigaOne XE CPU module; some
2352:
2201:
487:
327:
1813:
682:
The PowerPC G4 family supports two bus technologies, the older
2001:
640:
589:
916:
and changed its focus from general CPUs to high-end embedded
695:
manufacturing system controllers for 7xx and 7xxx computers,
1619:"IntuitionBase - Your Guide To AmigaOS4.x And The AmigaOne"
1800:
Halfhill, Tom R. (5 July 2005). "PowerPC Ain't Dead Yet".
767:
The enhancements to the 745x design gave it the nicknames
891:
Aitech for their C104 CompactPCI single board computer
1841:
Motorola-Freescale-NXP processors and microcontrollers
866:
90 nm process with copper interconnects and SOI.
655:(SMP) thanks to an improved cache coherency protocol (
607:(G5) was the first IBM-manufactured CPU to implement
2325:
2304:
2288:
2229:
2192:
2125:
2101:
2074:
2049:
1997:
1934:
1878:
1862:
764:XE computers were shipped with the 7451 processor.
518:. The PowerBook G4 was replaced by the Intel-based
1782:(25 October 1999). "PowerPC G4 Gains Velocity".
651:Additionally, the 7400 has enhanced support for
879:PowerLogix for their Power Mac G4 Cube upgrade
1825:
415:
8:
1563:List of Macintosh models grouped by CPU type
775:but these were never official designations.
1735:"XPedite6244 | NXP MPC7448 AMC Module"
2215:
1848:
1832:
1818:
1810:
912:In 2004, Freescale renamed the G4 core to
514:G4, which was replaced by the Intel-based
422:
408:
18:
876:NewerTech for their Power Mac G4 upgrades
940:
782:
733:
1583:"Motorola and IBM Reveal PowerPC Plans"
1574:
336:
296:
264:
100:
37:
21:
623:, introduced in 2007, is IBM's first "
1655:"ACube Systems new corporate website"
846:also uses 7447 in its Pegasos-II/G4.
38:NXP (formerly Freescale and Motorola)
7:
1679:. Amiga-News.de. February 25, 2007
703:with their Discovery controllers.
699:with their Tsi1xx controllers and
437:is a designation formerly used by
14:
1677:"ACube Systems: Company web page"
671:had a 32-bit FPU, which took two
561:measures 83 mm and features
1596:FREESCALE PRODUCT BULLETIN 11161
1508:
1448:
1391:
1332:
1273:
1216:
1155:
1098:
1049:
994:
663:(FPU), derived in part from the
897:for their PmPPC7448 PMC module
802:Power Mac G4 (Quicksilver 2002)
800:XE G4, and the dual 1 GHz
592:. IBM, the third member of the
502:before the introduction of the
1:
627:" CPU to also implement VMX.
529:series of computers and the
2388:Superscalar microprocessors
2409:
928:and a 1 MB L2 cache.
905:
2218:
2214:
1851:
1847:
869:PowerPC 7448 users were:
817:dynamic frequency scaling
686:which it shares with the
653:symmetric multiprocessing
2383:Motorola microprocessors
724:Mercury Computer Systems
45:PowerPC e series (2006)
2378:PowerPC microprocessors
2103:Memory management units
1863:Industrial control unit
1806:. pp. 13–15.
1788:. pp. 10–15.
842:computer platform from
2393:32-bit microprocessors
926:out-of-order execution
922:branch prediction unit
788:
747:
739:
470:computers such as the
178:PowerPC series (1992)
1803:Microprocessor Report
1794:Microprocessor Report
1785:Microprocessor Report
1623:www.intuitionbase.com
895:Emerson Network Power
807:PowerPC 7447 and 7457
786:
779:PowerPC 7445 and 7455
745:
737:
675:to accomplish 64-bit
563:copper interconnects
345:OpenPOWER Foundation
1717:"Cisco 7201 Router"
1527:1000–1700 MHz
753:permute instruction
715:on 9 January 2001.
661:floating point unit
541:technology and its
494:, first-generation
490:, first-generation
456:, a former part of
1780:Diefendorff, Keith
1469:600–1600 MHz
1410:867–1267 MHz
1351:600–1420 MHz
1292:600–1420 MHz
885:Cisco 7201 Router
789:
748:
746:PowerPC G4e design
740:
398:historic in italic
226:RAD series (1997)
82:Qor series (2008)
2365:
2364:
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2360:
2210:
2209:
1554:
1553:
1467:600–1420 MHz
1235:500–800 MHz
1174:500–867 MHz
1117:400–550 MHz
1067:400–500 MHz
1013:350–500 MHz
836:Power Mac G4 Cube
484:Power Mac G4 Cube
443:fourth generation
432:
431:
394:Cancelled in gray
2400:
2222:Microcontrollers
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1755:. Archived from
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1423:18.3W @ 1267MHz
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1159:
1102:
1053:
998:
941:
722:vendors such as
720:embedded systems
478:laptops and the
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1515:90 nm SOI
1496:
1488:
1468:
1444:
1439:
1421:14.8W @ 867MHz
1417:
1387:
1299:
1246:14.5W @ 667MHz
1244:11.6W @ 533MHz
1209:
1187:14.5W @ 667MHz
1185:11.6W @ 533MHz
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659:) and a 64-bit
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1759:on 2016-07-31.
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1483:21W @ 1.42GHz
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1130:5.3W @ 500MHz
1128:4.2W @ 400MHz
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1026:5.3W @ 400MHz
1024:4.6W @ 350MHz
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1544:360 pin CLGA
1541:
1539:
1538:21W @ 1.7GHz
1535:
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1489:360 pin CLGA
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1461:83.9 mm
1460:
1457:
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1432:
1429:
1427:483 pin CBGA
1426:
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1404:98.3 mm
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1400:
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1366:360 pin CBGA
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1363:
1362:21.3W @ 1GHz
1360:13W @ 600MHz
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1309:483 pin CBGA
1308:
1306:
1305:21.3W @ 1GHz
1303:13W @ 600MHz
1302:
1297:
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1282:
1279:
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1250:360 pin CBGA
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1080:360 pin CBGA
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1063:
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337:Related links
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42:
41:
36:
33:architectures
32:
28:
24:
20:
2348:PowerPC 5000
2221:
2159:
2079:coprocessors
1936:68000 family
1899:Hitachi 6309
1854:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1765:
1757:the original
1752:
1743:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1602:
1591:
1577:
1542:360 pin CBGA
1537:
1487:360 pin CBGA
1482:
1479:
1455:0.13 μm SOI
1422:
1398:0.13 μm SOI
1373:
1370:
1361:
1345:106 mm
1339:0.18 μm SOI
1316:
1313:
1304:
1286:106 mm
1280:0.18 μm SOI
1257:
1254:
1245:
1229:106 mm
1198:
1195:
1186:
1168:106 mm
1134:360 pin CBGA
1129:
1025:
947:Manufacturer
936:
935:
913:
911:
908:PowerPC e600
868:
864:
861:PowerPC 7448
848:
828:Power Mac G4
825:
821:overclocking
810:
790:
772:
768:
766:
758:Power Mac G4
749:
730:PowerPC 7450
717:
713:PowerBook G4
710:
707:PowerPC 7410
681:
679:arithmetic.
673:clock cycles
650:
629:
602:
594:AIM alliance
583:
574:Power Mac G4
567:
552:
549:PowerPC 7400
524:
508:
480:Power Mac G4
472:PowerBook G4
466:
462:PowerPC 74xx
461:
442:
434:
433:
397:
350:AIM alliance
326:
286:
279:
272:
265:IBM/Nintendo
252:
229:
205:
199:
198:
181:
142:
135:
128:
121:
114:
1880:6800 family
1536:15W @ 1GHz
1480:16W @ 1GHz
1120:512–2048 kB
1111:52 mm
1070:512–2048 kB
1016:512–2048 kB
1007:83 mm
983:Introduced
974:Consumption
956:Transistors
932:Device list
813:130 nm
692:PowerPC 7xx
688:PowerPC 600
633:superscalar
615:CPU in the
609:VMX/AltiVec
605:PowerPC 970
520:MacBook Pro
504:PowerPC 970
2372:Categories
2343:PowerQUICC
2174:PowerQUICC
1989:DragonBall
1897:see also:
1855:Processors
1569:References
1505:Freescale
1445:Freescale
1440:MPC7447/A
1388:Freescale
1095:Freescale
980:Multiplier
669:603 series
665:604 series
498:, and the
445:of 32-bit
435:PowerPC G4
312:PWRficient
2289:16/32-bit
2236:6801/6803
2184:PPC e6500
2169:PPC e5500
2004:-variants
1329:Motorola
1270:Motorola
1213:Motorola
1152:Motorola
991:Motorola
971:L3 cache
496:Mac Minis
468:Macintosh
454:Freescale
365:Power.org
360:Blue Gene
31:Power ISA
2312:DSP568xx
2160:PPC 74xx
2155:PPC e500
2136:PPC e200
1984:ColdFire
1683:June 11,
1661:June 12,
1557:See also
1530:1024 kB
1502:MPC7448
1478:(7447A)
1443:Motorola
1418:off die
1386:Motorola
1383:MPC7457
1326:MPC7445
1300:off die
1267:MPC7455
1223:0.18 μm
1210:MPC7441
1182:off die
1162:0.18 μm
1149:MPC7451
1122:off die
1105:0.18 μm
1093:Motorola
1090:MPC7410
1072:off die
1056:0.18 μm
1043:10K8298
1018:off die
1001:0.20 μm
988:MPC7400
977:Package
968:L2 cache
959:Die size
798:AmigaOne
762:AmigaOne
625:big iron
617:Xbox 360
527:AmigaOne
476:iBook G4
458:Motorola
288:Espresso
281:Broadway
2150:PPC 7xx
2141:PPC 6xx
2127:PowerPC
2064:MC88110
2059:MC88100
2041:68LC060
2036:68EC060
2031:68LC040
2026:68EC040
2021:68EC030
2016:68EC020
2011:68EC000
1472:512 kB
1458:48.6 M
1438:MPC7447
1413:512 kB
1354:256 kB
1295:256 kB
1238:256 kB
1208:MPC7440
1177:256 kB
1147:MPC7450
1139:2-8, 9
1108:10.5 M
1059:10.5 M
1041:06K5319
1033:2-8, 9
1004:10.5 M
855:Eyetech
851:AmigaOS
840:Pegasos
832:iMac G4
701:Marvell
684:60x bus
598:AltiVec
539:AltiVec
531:Pegasos
516:MacBook
500:iMac G4
492:Xserves
447:PowerPC
385:AltiVec
242:RAD5500
231:RAD6000
215:(2010)
170:Power10
91:Qorivva
27:PowerPC
2338:MPC5xx
2333:M·CORE
2326:32-bit
2305:24-bit
2280:68HC16
2275:68HC12
2270:68HC11
2253:68HC08
2248:68HC05
2129:family
2081:(FPUs)
1926:68HC16
1921:68HC12
1916:68HC11
1911:68HC08
1906:68HC05
1416:0–4 MB
1298:0–2 MB
1180:0–2 MB
844:Genesi
834:, and
697:Tundra
667:. The
621:POWER6
580:Design
570:yields
535:Genesi
258:(1996)
256:series
237:RAD750
165:POWER9
160:POWER8
155:POWER7
150:POWER6
144:POWER5
137:POWER4
130:POWER3
123:POWER2
116:POWER1
29:, and
2296:683xx
2230:8-bit
2179:QorIQ
2117:68851
2112:68451
2105:(MMU)
2093:68882
2088:68881
2051:88000
1979:68060
1974:68040
1969:68030
1964:68020
1959:68012
1954:68010
1949:68008
1944:68000
1870:14500
1721:Cisco
1703:Cisco
1550:2005
1547:2-28
1518:90 M
1497:2004
1492:2-28
1433:2003
1430:2-28
1401:58 M
1378:2002
1374:9-16
1342:33 M
1321:2002
1317:9-16
1283:33 M
1262:2001
1258:9-16
1226:33 M
1203:2001
1199:9-16
1165:33 M
1142:2001
1085:2000
1036:1999
965:Clock
962:Cores
950:Image
657:MERSI
646:iLife
637:Intel
613:Xenon
586:Apple
533:from
512:iBook
439:Apple
322:Xenon
306:Titan
297:Other
274:Gekko
109:Power
86:QorIQ
74:e6500
69:e5500
23:POWER
2353:i.MX
2263:RS08
2244:6804
2240:6802
2202:i.MX
2164:e600
2145:e300
1893:6809
1888:6800
1685:2014
1663:2014
1533:n/a
1495:2003
1475:n/a
1371:2-8
1369:0.5
1357:n/a
1314:2-8
1312:0.5
1255:2-8
1253:0.5
1241:n/a
1196:2-8
1194:0.5
1125:n/a
1075:n/a
1046:IBM
1021:n/a
944:Name
914:e600
902:e600
690:and
603:The
588:and
488:eMac
482:and
474:and
380:CHRP
375:PReP
370:PAPR
355:RISC
328:X704
317:Cell
254:RS64
200:74xx
64:e600
59:e500
54:e300
49:e200
2258:S08
2194:ARM
2002:68k
953:Fab
918:SoC
794:SOI
773:G4+
771:or
769:G4e
641:x86
639:'s
590:IBM
559:die
555:MHz
543:SMP
221:A2O
218:A2I
207:970
194:7xx
189:4xx
183:6xx
101:IBM
2374::
1751:.
1719:.
1701:.
1639:.
1621:.
1524:1
1464:1
1407:1
1348:1
1289:1
1232:1
1171:1
1114:1
1064:1
1010:1
857:.
830:,
726:.
565:.
522:.
506:.
464:.
396:,
213:A2
25:,
2162:/
2143:/
1833:e
1826:t
1819:v
1797:.
1737:.
1723:.
1705:.
1687:.
1665:.
1643:.
1625:.
1585:.
423:e
416:t
409:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.