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Moore altered the names of the last two reindeer several times; in an early 1860s version of the poem, written as a gift to a friend, they are named "Donder" and "Blitzen" (with revised punctuation and underlined reindeer names).
146:
109:, the work that is largely responsible for the reindeer becoming popularly known. In the original poem, the names of the reindeer are given as Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Dunder and Blixem.
2879:
922:
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1992:
1987:
218:, on 23 December 1823. All eight reindeer were named, the first six being Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet and Cupid, and the final two "Dunder" and "Blixem" (meaning "
349:. Santa's principal reindeer are Flossie and Glossie, and he gathers others named Racer and Pacer, Reckless and Speckless, Fearless and Peerless, and Ready and Steady.
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1943:
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characters, and the names given to them (if any) vary in different versions, but those frequently cited in the United States and Canada are the eight listed in
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162:", an 1821 illustrated children's poem published in New York. The names of the author and the illustrator are not known. The poem, with eight colored
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170:. The illustration to the first verse features a sleigh with a sign saying "REWARDS" being pulled by an unnamed single reindeer.
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The modern German spelling of "Donner" came into use only in the early 20th century, well after Moore's death.
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842:"Yule Laugh, Yule Cry: 10 Things You Didn't Know About Beloved Holiday Songs (With holiday cheer in the air,
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Santa Claus, Last of the Wild Men: The
Origins and Evolution of Saint Nicholas, Spanning 50,000 Years
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923:"The Other 364 Days of the Year: The Real Lives of Wild Reindeer Categories: Biology and Ecosystems"
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Many other variations in reindeer names and number have appeared in fiction, music, film and TV.
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takes a closer look at some of the weird stories behind our favorite seasonal tunes)"
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illustrations, was published by
William B. Gilley as a small paperback book entitled
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The
Children's Friend: A New-Year's Present, to the Little Ones from Five to Twelve
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in 1939, and it was published as a book to be given to children in the store at
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The first reference to Santa's sleigh being pulled by a reindeer appears in "
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504:, respectively. The German spellings "Donner" and "Blitzen" are now used.
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419:, a 1989 film which tells of a young girl who finds an injured reindeer.
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345:(1902) includes a list of ten reindeer, none of which match those in
285:, and also helps it to rhyme with "Vixen". The relevant part reads:
254:
The eight reindeer, as they appeared in a handwritten manuscript of
130:", resulted in Rudolph often being included as the ninth character.
2455:
1141:
812:(6th ed.). Boston, Houghton, Mifflin and company. p. 15.
304:
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68:
A parade float with a model of Santa's reindeer and sleigh in the
63:
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The eight reindeer, as they appeared in the first publication of
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1059:
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970:
699:"A New-Year's present, to the little ones from five to twelve"
325:, he also used "Donder" and "Blitzen", italicising the names.
2880:
Rudolph the Red-Nosed
Reindeer and the Island of Misfit Toys
966:
273:
for "thunder", while
Blitzen is derived from Standard Dutch
753:
Christmas traditions : a celebration of
Christmas lore
829:. Indianapolis: The Bowen-Merrill company. p. 160.
42:
292:
And he whistled, and shouted, and called them by name;
237:
And he whistled, and shouted, and call'd them by name:
724:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. p. 4.
921:
Puckett, Catherine; Landis, Ben (15 December 2014).
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363:Rudolph's story was originally written in verse by
239:"Now! Dasher, now! Dancer, now! Prancer, and Vixen,
76:In traditional festive legend and popular culture,
632:
294:"Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer and Vixen!
639:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Ltd. p.
243:"To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall!
585:. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. p. 85.
298:To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall!
745:
743:
741:
287:
228:
709:. Broadway, New York: Gilley, William B. 1821.
610:. Sanger, CA: Quill Driver Books. p. 77.
290:More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,
2773:
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296:On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Donder and Blitzen!
241:"On! Comet, on! Cupid, on! Dunder and Blixem;
8:
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280:
468:" the flying goats that pull Thor's chariot
274:
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245:"Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!"
26:
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989:
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300:Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!"
2870:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie
608:People & Places: A Special Collection
529:"An Account of A Visit from St. Nicholas"
673:. McClelland & Stewart Ltd. p.
393:(1947) features the eight reindeer from
226:") The relevant part of the poem reads:
59:Legendary sleigh-pulling flying reindeer
32:This is an accepted version of this page
856:"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" (p. 3)
516:
485:
313:, 6th impression between 1900 and 1909.
28:
2977:Literary characters introduced in 1823
2860:Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July
826:The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus
342:The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus
2319:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
899:from the original on 21 December 2021
18:Prancer (Santa Claus's reindeer)
7:
279:, "lightning", influenced by German
210:The poem was first published in the
204:Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas
150:Illustration to the first verse of "
869:Christmas in the Charts (1920–2004)
635:The World Encyclopedia of Christmas
258:by Clement C. Moore from the 1860s.
871:. Wisconsin: Record Research Inc.
57:
442:featuring Santa and his reindeer.
2740:
2739:
2195:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
2090:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
954:
809:An American anthology, 1787-1900
323:An American Anthology, 1787–1900
311:An American Anthology, 1787–1900
160:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
152:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
193:Twas the Night Before Christmas
2900:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2840:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2830:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2804:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2789:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2175:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
2104:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
1487:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1266:Legend of the Christmas Spider
428:, a 2009 Christmas special by
359:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
353:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
128:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
119:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
84:through the night sky to help
1:
2126:Christmas television specials
2025:The New Oxford Book of Carols
1112:Annunciation to the shepherds
893:"Let's Go Dancing with Santa"
840:Wook Kim (17 December 2012).
430:Walt Disney Animation Studios
88:deliver gifts to children on
2180:Christmas and holiday season
895:. YouTube. 15 October 2015.
581:Jeffers, Harry Paul (2001).
556:"Donner, Donder, or Dunder?"
496:derive from Dutch words for
422:Dasher and Dancer appear in
383:Appearances in popular media
332:L. Frank Baum's ten reindeer
331:
558:. ThoughtCo. Archived from
475:" Odin's eight-legged horse
466:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
436:Let's Go Dancing With Santa
231:More rapid than eagles his
2998:
2884:(2001 made-for-video film)
1092:Adoration of the Shepherds
606:Triefeldt, Laurie (2008).
440:KC & The Sunshine Band
395:A Visit from St. Nicholas.
356:
321:collected the poem in his
70:Toronto Santa Claus Parade
2735:
2336:WWE Tribute to the Troops
2097:A Visit from St. Nicholas
2018:The Oxford Book of Carols
1594:Feast of the Seven Fishes
1157:Massacre of the Innocents
1006:
720:Siefker, Phyllis (1997).
347:A Visit from St. Nicholas
256:A Visit from St. Nicholas
185:A Visit from St. Nicholas
106:A Visit from St. Nicholas
2972:Fictional deer and moose
2850:Rudolph's Shiny New Year
2138:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
804:Stedman, Edmund Clarence
750:Goodwin, George (2019).
670:Santa Claus: a biography
126:'s 1949 Christmas song "
39:latest accepted revision
2300:Small Business Saturday
2170:Black Friday (shopping)
2165:Black Friday (partying)
1659:Nine Lessons and Carols
1589:Events and celebrations
867:Whitburn, Joel (2004).
823:Baum, L. Frank (1902).
319:Edmund Clarence Stedman
2957:Santa Claus's reindeer
2926:Santa Claus's reindeer
1944:Post-War United States
928:U.S. Geological Survey
667:Bowler, Gerry (2005).
631:Bowler, Gerry (2000).
583:Legends of Santa Claus
403:" (1958), recorded by
390:Miracle on 34th Street
314:
303:
281:
275:
265:
259:
248:
207:
155:
78:Santa Claus's reindeer
73:
1993:Hit singles in the US
1988:Hit singles in the UK
1549:Carols by Candlelight
1477:Santa Claus' daughter
1085:Adoration of the Magi
961:Santa Claus' reindeer
703:The Children's Friend
308:
253:
201:
149:
67:
2967:Christmas characters
2285:Santa's Candy Castle
1609:Google Santa Tracker
963:at Wikimedia Commons
101:Clement Clarke Moore
2820:Film and television
2290:Santa Claus Village
2205:Christmas Mountains
2111:Journey of the Magi
1117:Baptism of the Lord
935:on 26 November 2015
792:. 23 December 2014.
527:(2 December 1823).
459:Dominick the Donkey
453:Christmas Mountains
411:song about Rudolph.
137:Origins and history
80:are said to pull a
29:Page version status
2962:Christian folklore
2400:Twelve-dish supper
2250:Jews and Christmas
2200:Christmas Lectures
1929:American Civil War
1664:NORAD Tracks Santa
1040:Saint Nicholas Day
790:"Donner or Donder"
562:on 14 October 2017
425:Prep & Landing
315:
260:
208:
156:
112:The popularity of
74:
35:
2944:
2943:
2854:(1976 TV special)
2844:(1964 TV special)
2834:(1948 film short)
2755:
2754:
2731:
2730:
2395:Thirteen desserts
2315:Virginia O'Hanlon
2160:Advent Conspiracy
2074:Films (Christmas,
2066:A Christmas Carol
2011:Carols for Choirs
1554:Cavalcade of Magi
1534:Boar's Head Feast
1203:Star of Bethlehem
1174:Nativity of Jesus
1162:flight into Egypt
1047:St. Stephen's Day
959:Media related to
767:978-0-7123-5294-9
684:978-0-7710-1668-4
525:Moore, Clement C.
494:Dunder and Blixem
373:department stores
178:The 1823 poem by
16:(Redirected from
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2578:Redcurrant sauce
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2330:Winter festivals
2080:Christmas horror
2047:
1958:
1789:
1644:Meals and feasts
1564:Christmas jumper
1511:
1482:Santa's reindeer
1434:
1380:Father Christmas
1344:
1301:Santa's workshop
1222:
1184:in later culture
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1027:
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2810:Run Rudolph Run
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2693:Pickled herring
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2573:Cranberry sauce
2556:
2535:
2511:Red velvet cake
2496:Poppy seed roll
2414:
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2325:White Christmas
2215:Christmas truce
2210:Christmas seals
2190:Christmas creep
2152:
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2144:
2045:
2039:
1956:
1950:
1787:
1781:
1634:Lord of Misrule
1569:Christmas Peace
1519:Advent calendar
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1452:Knecht Ruprecht
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1137:Herod the Great
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915:Further reading
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407:, is a popular
401:Run Rudolph Run
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369:Montgomery Ward
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190:
188:(also known as
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144:
142:Single reindeer
139:
116:1939 storybook
114:Robert L. May's
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2185:Christmas club
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2062:
2051:
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2041:
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2038:
2037:
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2032:Piae Cantiones
2028:
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2014:
2004:
1998:Music charts (
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1496:
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1479:
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1469:
1467:Père Fouettard
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1433:Saint Nicholas
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1385:Grandpa Indian
1382:
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1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1353:Saint Nicholas
1349:
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1340:
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1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:Old Man Winter
1288:
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1278:
1276:Miner's figure
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:Kallikantzaros
1258:
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1233:
1227:
1225:
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1191:Nativity scene
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1026:Children's Day
1022:
1015:
1012:Blue Christmas
1007:
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993:
986:
979:
971:
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949:External links
947:
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832:
815:
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760:. p. 84.
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554:Emery, David.
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409:Christmas-rock
397:
384:
381:
357:Main article:
354:
351:
333:
330:
309:As printed in
288:
271:Standard Dutch
229:
216:Troy, New York
175:
174:Eight reindeer
172:
143:
140:
138:
135:
95:The number of
58:
56:
36:
30:
27:
25:
24:
23:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2994:
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2937:
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2921:Robert L. May
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2699:
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2673:
2671:Meat and fish
2669:
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2642:
2638:
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2625:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2617:
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2612:
2610:
2609:Hot chocolate
2607:
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2310:Ugly sweaters
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2220:Controversies
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2075:
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2067:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:In literature
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:
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2020:
2019:
2015:
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1654:Moravian star
1652:
1650:
1649:Midnight Mass
1647:
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1539:Candle arches
1537:
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1532:
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1529:Advent wreath
1527:
1525:
1524:Advent candle
1522:
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1431:Companions of
1427:
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1343:Gift-bringers
1338:
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1232:
1229:
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1226:
1223:
1215:
1209:
1208:Twelfth Night
1206:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Nativity Fast
1167:
1163:
1160:
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1138:
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1128:
1127:Christmastide
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:Angel Gabriel
1100:
1098:
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1093:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:Biblical Magi
1078:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1033:Christmas Eve
1030:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
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1001:
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987:
985:
980:
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973:
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948:
934:
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914:
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878:0-89820-161-6
874:
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828:
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777:
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733:
731:0-7864-0246-6
727:
723:
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708:
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676:
672:
671:
663:
661:
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652:
650:0-7710-1531-3
646:
642:
637:
636:
627:
624:
619:
617:9781884956713
613:
609:
602:
599:
594:
592:9780822549833
588:
584:
577:
574:
561:
557:
550:
547:
534:
533:Troy Sentinel
530:
526:
520:
517:
511:
503:
499:
495:
489:
486:
479:
474:
470:
467:
463:
460:
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451:
450:
446:
441:
438:is a song by
437:
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406:
402:
398:
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374:
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366:
365:Robert L. May
360:
352:
350:
348:
344:
343:
338:
337:L. Frank Baum
329:
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148:
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136:
134:
131:
129:
125:
121:
120:
115:
110:
108:
107:
103:'s 1823 poem
102:
98:
93:
91:
90:Christmas Eve
87:
83:
79:
71:
66:
62:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2925:
2878:
2868:
2858:
2848:
2838:
2828:
2683:Gefilte fish
2631:Ponche crema
2466:Melomakarono
2334:
2225:Cyber Monday
2130:
2095:
2064:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2006:Music books
1999:
1837:Nazi Germany
1729:
1725:Secret Santa
1712:
1599:Flying Santa
1481:
1306:Tió de Nadal
1256:Korvatunturi
1107:Annunciation
1073:Christianity
1054:Sol Invictus
937:. Retrieved
933:the original
926:
901:. Retrieved
887:
868:
862:
849:
843:
835:
825:
818:
808:
798:
784:
752:
721:
715:
706:
702:
693:
669:
634:
626:
607:
601:
582:
576:
564:. Retrieved
560:the original
549:
537:. Retrieved
532:
519:
488:
435:
423:
414:
394:
388:
362:
346:
340:
335:
327:
322:
316:
310:
289:
261:
255:
230:
211:
209:
203:
189:
183:
177:
167:
164:lithographic
157:
132:
117:
111:
104:
94:
77:
75:
61:
46:
37:This is the
31:
2936:Rankin/Bass
2874:(1998 film)
2822:adaptations
2698:Roast goose
2619:Mulled wine
2599:Champurrado
2594:Apple cider
2568:Bread sauce
2521:Szaloncukor
2501:Pumpkin pie
2451:Gingerbread
2405:Smörgåsbord
2046:Other media
1884:Philippines
1874:New Zealand
1757:Twelve Days
1714:Räuchermann
1669:Nutcrackers
1619:Las Posadas
1579:Decorations
1559:Christingle
1499:Zwarte Piet
1494:Snegurochka
1415:Sinterklaas
1365:Santa Claus
939:24 December
566:30 December
539:12 December
535:. p. 2
405:Chuck Berry
86:Santa Claus
47:16 May 2024
2951:Categories
2931:Video game
2893:Characters
2426:Candy cane
2375:Joulupöytä
2275:Pikkujoulu
1939:New Mexico
1788:By country
1762:Wassailing
1703:Poinsettia
1510:Traditions
1462:Mrs. Claus
1442:Belsnickel
1395:Julemanden
1390:Joulupukki
1321:Wenceslaus
1286:North Pole
1251:Jack Frost
1241:Christkind
1196:Neapolitan
1019:Boxing Day
903:14 January
776:1120057499
756:. London:
512:References
492:The names
235:they came,
124:Gene Autry
2916:Christmas
2713:Tourtière
2703:Romeritos
2640:Dumplings
2587:Beverages
2491:Pecan pie
2481:Panettone
2476:Pampushka
2471:Mince pie
2446:Fruitcake
2390:Réveillon
2270:NFL games
2265:NBA games
2260:In August
2230:Economics
2000:Billboard
1854:Indonesia
1797:Australia
1772:Yule goat
1747:Stockings
1681:Ornaments
1410:Père Noël
1405:Olentzero
1400:Noel Baba
1375:Ded Moroz
1331:Yule Lads
1271:Mari Lwyd
1122:Bethlehem
999:Christmas
502:lightning
377:Christmas
371:chain of
339:'s story
224:lightning
2746:Category
2717:meat pie
2708:Stuffing
2662:Varenyky
2531:Yule log
2506:Qurabiya
2380:Julebord
2353:Food and
2280:SantaCon
2245:El Gordo
2132:Yule Log
1904:Scotland
1817:Ethiopia
1802:Colombia
1777:Yule log
1731:Spanbaum
1708:Pyramids
1574:Crackers
1472:Sack Man
1358:folklore
1326:Yule cat
1231:Badalisc
1221:folklore
1132:Epiphany
897:Archived
473:Sleipnir
447:See also
367:for the
233:coursers
212:Sentinel
206:in 1823.
97:reindeer
43:reviewed
2909:Related
2652:Pierogi
2647:Hallaca
2552:Borscht
2516:Stollen
2486:Pavlova
2461:Makówki
2441:Cozonac
2410:Wigilia
2295:Scrooge
2255:In July
2153:society
2085:Poetry
1919:Ukraine
1894:Romania
1859:Ireland
1849:Iceland
1844:Hungary
1832:Germany
1822:Finland
1812:England
1807:Denmark
1767:Windows
1698:Piñatas
1686:Parades
1639:Markets
1624:Letters
1614:Hampers
1457:Krampus
1296:Perchta
1236:Caganer
806:(ed.).
498:thunder
416:Prancer
276:bliksem
222:" and "
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2723:Turkey
2657:Tamale
2614:Kissel
2604:Eggnog
2561:Sauces
2547:Menudo
2526:Turrón
2436:Cookie
2419:Sweets
2385:Kūčios
2366:Dinner
2240:Grinch
2151:modern
2118:Tomten
2077:Santa,
2060:novels
1978:Operas
1966:Carols
1934:Hawaii
1914:Sweden
1909:Serbia
1899:Russia
1889:Poland
1879:Norway
1869:Mexico
1827:France
1742:Stamps
1737:Szopka
1629:Lights
1584:Didukh
1420:Others
1370:Befana
1316:Vertep
1179:in art
1147:Joseph
1097:Advent
875:
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379:time.
266:Donder
122:, and
82:sleigh
72:, 2009
2796:Music
2456:Kutia
2355:drink
1983:Songs
1957:Music
1864:Italy
1720:Seals
1674:dolls
1604:Gifts
1544:Cards
1447:Elves
1311:Turoń
1281:Nisse
1246:Grýla
1142:Jesus
480:Notes
317:When
282:Blitz
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2678:Carp
2540:Soup
2431:Cake
2342:Xmas
1971:list
1752:Tree
1691:list
1152:Mary
1061:Yule
941:2014
905:2019
873:ISBN
850:Time
844:TIME
772:OCLC
762:ISBN
726:ISBN
679:ISBN
645:ISBN
612:ISBN
587:ISBN
568:2022
541:2008
500:and
2688:Ham
1218:In
707:III
641:199
269:is
214:of
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