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prepaid service as of 2021. Prepaid SIM cards are also becoming a variation of the traditional prepaid cellphone plans. Rather than needing to purchase an entirely new phone, existing phones can be used by simply replacing the SIM card within the device. Prepaid service has also evolved to include rate plans and buckets traditionally seen in postpaid plans but with a lower cost of ownership for the network operator. Such
Advance Pay plans are often monthly plans with either Unlimited Voice/SMS/MMS (or monthly buckets for some of these) and Prepaid Data Volume Add-ons and throttling mechanisms.
301:, where subscribers have to terminate their contracts, it is not easy for an operator to know when a prepaid subscriber has left the network. To free up resources on the network for new customers, an operator will periodically delete prepaid SIM cards which have not been used for some time, at which point, their service (and its associated phone number) is discontinued. The rules for when this deletion happens vary from operator to operator, but may typically occur after six months to a year of non-use.
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425:. These limitations are usually the results of deficiencies in the prepaid systems used by the wireless carriers, as technology has evolved to the point where these are easily managed by triggers or APIs to third-party solution providers. Current models being deployed by wireless carriers are capable of setting the price points for all services on an individual basis (via packages), such that higher pricing is a marketing decision.
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be used by those unable to take out a contract (i.e. under age of majority). Depending on local laws, they may be available to those who do not have a permanent address, phone number, or credit card. This makes them popular among travelers and students away from their hometowns. Additionally, they are popular with parents who wish to have a way to stay connected with their college age students and have some control over the costs.
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that announces to the user that the account balance is low and suggests they add funds to the account so their service is not interrupted. When the user's account balance is depleted, the service is suspended until they added funds to their account. If the user's account balance is depleted, all call attempts are routed to the IVR. These patents expired in 2010 and 2012 respectively.
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220:. The main difference is that with prepaid phones, payment for service is made before use. As calls and texts are made, and as data is used, deductions are made against the prepaid balance amount until no funds remain (at which time services stop functioning). A user may avoid interruptions in service by making payments to increase the remaining balance.
484:). This allows real time billing by the home operator without having to dial the customer back. The advantage is that it is more natural and works seamlessly. The disadvantage is that not all networks support CAMEL so the list of countries where a prepaid customer can use their phone abroad is smaller than for postpaid mobile phones.
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Usage of prepaid cellphone service was common in most parts of the world. In 2012 around 70% of customers in
Western Europe and China use prepaid phones with the figure rising to over 90% for customers in India and Africa. 36% of cellphone users in the United States of America were using some form of
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message which is not charged for while roaming. Upon receipt of the USSD, the customer's operator will then return the call. When the service calls back, the user is being charged for the cost of the service from the credit available in the home network. The service will then prompt the user to enter
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In an effort to differentiate the prepaid from post-paid service for their customers, CSPs have branded prepaid services differently from the post-paid services. A variant of post-paid service has emerged in recent years that comes closer to the prepaid service, by offering a "pay monthly" contract.
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There is no compulsion on a prepaid mobile phone user to top up their balance. To maintain revenues, some operators have devised reward schemes designed to encourage frequent top-ups. For example, an operator may offer some free SMS to use next month if a user tops up by a certain amount this month.
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A prepaid plan may have a lower cost (often for low usage patterns e.g. a telephone for emergency use) and make it easier to control spending by limiting debt and controlling usage. They often have fewer contractual obligations – no early termination fee, freedom to change providers, plans, able to
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In fact, a publicly available policy assessment report from Mexico showed that mandatory SIM registration introduced there in 2009 had failed to help the prevention, investigation and/or prosecution of associated crimes. As a result, policymakers decided to repeal the regulation three years later.
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These patents describe the ability to access the cost of a call and deduct the cost of the call from the user's account balance in near real time. If the user's balance is below the carrier-defined threshold, the next call that the user makes is routed to an
Interactive Voice Response (IVR) device
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Since July 2013, at least 80 countries globally (including 37 on the
African continent) have mandated, or are actively considering mandating, the registration of prepaid SIM users. As of January 2020, researches found that governments of 155 countries have been mandating SIM registration laws; in
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is used to reload a mobile phone by entering the mobile number and choosing the amount to be loaded. This process is widely implemented in the
Philippines and India so that any person can be a prepaid load retailer, creating a nationwide availability of reloading stations, even in remote
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Credit purchased for a prepaid mobile phone may have a time limit – for example, 120 days from the date the last credit was added. In these cases, customers who do not add more credit before expiration will have their remaining balance depleted through expiration of the credits.
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the dialed number of the party to be called. The disadvantage of this method of roaming is that the user will not be able to dial numbers directly from the handset. The advantage is that it works in almost all locations around the world since USSD is ubiquitous and free.
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Prepaid service enabled carriers in third world countries to add subscribers without having to print monthly statements or having an accounts receivable department, and gave them the ability to add subscribers without concern for their ability to pay their
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In certain countries, the prepaid SIM card can be sold in a shop like any other goods. There is no need to register them at point of sale, unlike postpaid phones who have to credit check the user before allowing them to purchase and enter into a
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The time most likely for a prepaid customer to switch to a different service provider is when the prepaid account reaches a "zero credit balance". Like other service providers, mobile service providers losing a mobile account call it "churn".
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The prepaid service was also sold to carriers in Mexico; Celcom in 1994, and implementation took place in
Monterrey, and to Telcel, where implementation began in November 1997 and production took place beginning in April 1998.
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for which credit is purchased in advance of service use. The purchased credit is used to pay for telecommunications services at the point the service is accessed or consumed. If there is no credit, then access is denied by the
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Other mobile phones on certain networks which provide international top-up services, where the initiator of the top up is often a migrant worker wanting to add minutes to the prepaid mobile phone of a family member back
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Retail store purchase with a "top-up" or "refill" card at retail. These cards are stamped with a unique code (often under a scratch-off panel) which must be entered into the phone in order to add the credit onto the
189:. Users can top up their credit at any time using a variety of payment mechanisms. ("Pay-as-you-go", "PAYG", and similar terms are also used for other non-telecommunications services paid for by advance deposit.)
445:) allow their pre-paid customers to have a small negative balance to allow short calls or texts when the customer's credit has been completely used. This is then deducted when the customer next adds more credit.
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This results in an "on/off" or "all or nothing" proposition for the prepaid service providers and their clients (i.e. the account either has enough credit to use the phone, or it does not). Some operators (e.g.,
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While there is no doubt that criminals and terrorists use prepaid SIM cards to help stay anonymous and avoid easy detection, to date there has been no empirical evidence to indicate that:
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As prepaid services can often be topped up using cash and vouchers, there is no way to trace the payment and thence determine the identity of a prepaid phone user from payment records.
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437:, which are always allowed). In the US, incoming calls are also barred, while in some other countries, a prepaid mobile with zero balance may still receive calls and texts.
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celebrated ten years with its product and service "NATEL® easy" which also holds a patent on "Prepaid mobile subscriber identification card and method implemented thereby".
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Ericsson also became a partner in the prepaid service; a
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed in June 1997 and the final agreement was signed in late 1997. The
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By 2003, the number of prepaid accounts grew past contract accounts, and by 2007, two-thirds of all mobile phone accounts worldwide were prepaid accounts.
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The reason is a concern by police and security agencies that anonymous use of prepaid mobile services facilitates criminal or terrorist activities.
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onto other GSM networks when using the phone abroad. This was because the operator had no way to bill calls in real time from another network.
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The first
Prepaid card was called "Mimo" and was launched by TMN, the mobile phone operator of Portugal Telecom, in September 1995. In 2006
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552:(R-TX) introduced legislation requiring consumers to produce identification before buying pre-paid phones in 2010, which was not passed.
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became the first mobile operator to introduce a prepaid cellular service in Africa, popularizing "pay as you go" in emerging markets.
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Retail store or online purchase: a person can top-up a prepaid phone in another country by asking for "international top-up". Often,
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and data than contract customers. In some cases they are limited in what they can do with their phone – calls to international or
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Prepaid mobile service was invented by
Subscriber Computing, Inc., an Orange County company, (1986–1998), founded and directed by
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As described above, prepaid accounts require a subscriber to have a credit balance in the account to make outgoing calls (except
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The lack of any registration of prepaid SIM users is linked to a greater risk of criminal or terrorist activities.
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673:"Euronet Worldwide Launches ATM Recharge Services for Hungary's Largest Mobile Operator. - Free Online Library"
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A prepaid phone number specifically purchased to be used briefly and then replaced is known colloquially as a
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The history of prepaid mobile phones begins in the 1990s, when larger markets were being sought after by the
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The prepaid service was sold to Metro Mobile in June 1989, and was implemented in
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The user can direct dial from their handset if the network they are roaming in supports CAMEL (
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The alternative billing method (and what is commonly referred to as a mobile contract) is the
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Mandating the registration of prepaid SIM users leads to a reduction in criminal activities.
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where the balance is credited automatically to the phone after the retailer accepts payment.
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The prepaid mobile phone user dials a "trigger" number from the foreign location using a
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In the early years, a prepaid mobile phone could only be used within the network of the
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some countries, prepaid users must submit biometrics like photos and fingerprints.
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However, most prepaid phones now offer roaming using one of the following methods:
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839:"Access to Mobile Services and Proof of Identity 2020: The Undisputed Linkages"
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777:"Prepaid mobile subscriber identification card and method implemented thereby"
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Prepaid phones and SIMs in the United Kingdom are known as "Pay as you go".
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908:"New proposal would require identification to buy prepaid cellphones"
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from which the customer purchased the phone. It was not possible to
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647:"Information on topping up - Pay As You Go mobiles - Virgin Media"
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A prepaid mobile phone provides most of the services offered by a
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322:. Before this date, all mobile phone services were offered on a
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Wireless communications service providers in the United States
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will send prepaid top-up internationally as a form of support.
26:
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List of mobile virtual network operators in the United States
874:"Lawmakers: Require ID to Buy Prepaid Cell Phones - CBS News"
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Sometimes, pay-as-you-go customers pay more for their calls,
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Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands mobile network operators
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Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic
1029:"campusSIMs Provides SIM cards to International Students"
726:"MTN Group - Annual Report 2008 - Chairman's statement"
822:"The Mandatory Registration of Prepaid SIM Card Users"
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Prepaid phone users can be anonymous for two reasons:
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that replicates this functionality for a smartphone.
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
894:"US lawmakers target pre-paid cellphone anonymity"
1002:"A closer look at the pre-paying mobile consumer"
976:"Die, contracts! Prepaid mobile phone use surges"
537:. A Los Angeles technology company developed a
140:Typical sign showing where top-ups can be made
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8:
949:"Pay As You Go Voice and Data Handsets - EE"
421:may be blocked, and they may not be able to
3477:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
340:, filed 12/5/1990 and awarded on 9/15/1992.
333:. The patents covering this invention are:
3513:
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2348:United States landline telephone companies
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346:, filed 6/24/1992 and awarded in 3/1/1994.
326:, which excluded people with poor credit.
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
798:"NATEL® easy - a ten-year success story"
611:
241:Direct draw from bank account using an
7:
3523:
1860:China Telecommunications Corporation
816:
814:
131:"Pay-as-you-go" mobile phone service
55:adding citations to reliable sources
1423:First Cellular of Southern Illinois
539:mobile application of the same name
1188:United States Cellular Corporation
273:featuring a mobile refill service.
25:
3560:Mobile telecommunication services
2255:Sasken Communication Technologies
365:was made on January 26, 1998 (or
3522:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3491:
3112:Free-space optical communication
1565:Caribbean mobile phone companies
1198:Mobile virtual network operators
593:
314:History of prepaid mobile phones
31:
974:Cyrus Farivar (June 14, 2012).
583:International mobile remittance
202:mobile virtual network operator
176:, is a mobile device such as a
42:needs additional citations for
419:premium-rate telephone numbers
251:Retail store purchase using a
1:
1388:Advanced Mobile Phone Service
1000:Graeme Bruce (May 26, 2021).
3565:Telecommunications economics
3498:Telecommunication portal
3279:Telecommunications equipment
1518:Western Wireless Corporation
856:"Definition of BURNER PHONE"
3015:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2391:Consolidated Communications
280:where a specially designed
3581:
2719:Telecommunications history
1403:AT&T Wireless Services
311:
3486:
3327:Public Switched Telephone
3139:telecommunication circuit
3100:Fiber-optic communication
2845:Francis Blake (telephone)
2640:Optical telecommunication
2431:Windstream Communications
2354:
2094:Ericsson Mobile Platforms
1728:Centennial Communications
1571:
1249:
1049:
1044:Links to related articles
3238:Orbital angular-momentum
2675:Satellite communications
2514:Communications satellite
2055:Marvell Technology Group
3117:Molecular communication
2940:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
2769:Undersea telegraph line
2504:Cable protection system
2401:Frontier Communications
2040:Freescale Semiconductor
860:www.merriam-webster.com
544:United States Senators
271:open-loop prepaid cards
206:mobile network operator
3259:Communication protocol
3045:Charles Sumner Tainter
2860:Walter Houser Brattain
2805:Edwin Howard Armstrong
2613:Information revolution
2426:Verizon Communications
2296:Dalvik virtual machine
1347:Charter Communications
751:"Portugal Telecom FAQ"
620:"Top up prepay online"
556:International branding
320:mobile phone operators
141:
66:"Prepaid mobile phone"
3233:Polarization-division
2965:Narinder Singh Kapany
2930:Erna Schneider Hoover
2850:Jagadish Chandra Bose
2830:Alexander Graham Bell
2561:online video platform
2359:Alaska Communications
2265:The Astonishing Tribe
2142:(with association of
2130:Alcatel Mobile Phones
2035:Cypress Semiconductor
1960:Nuance Communications
1832:Open Handset Alliance
1513:West Central Wireless
1463:Pocket Communications
600:Telephones portal
218:mobile phone operator
198:mobile phone operator
194:postpaid mobile phone
146:prepaid mobile device
139:
3075:Vladimir K. Zworykin
3035:Almon Brown Strowger
3005:Charles Grafton Page
2660:Prepaid mobile phone
2588:Electrical telegraph
1940:Ascender Corporation
730:www.mtn-investor.com
653:on February 19, 2014
278:electronic reloading
223:Methods of payment:
51:improve this article
3025:Johann Philipp Reis
2784:Wireless revolution
2746:The Telephone Cases
2603:Hydraulic telegraph
2205:Samsung Electronics
2085:Renesas Electronics
1168:Liberty Puerto Rico
955:on January 20, 2015
913:The Washington Post
757:on February 3, 2015
187:Intelligent Network
18:Prepay mobile phone
3223:Frequency-division
3200:Telephone exchange
3070:Charles Wheatstone
3000:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2975:Innocenzo Manzetti
2910:Reginald Fessenden
2645:Optical telegraphy
2478:Telecommunications
2416:Lumen Technologies
2275:Wipro Technologies
2270:Wind River Systems
1895:Sprint Corporation
1745:Sprint Corporation
1601:Dominican Republic
1493:Sprint Corporation
1289:Visible by Verizon
679:. February 5, 2002
677:Thefreelibrary.com
148:, also known as a
142:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3274:Store and forward
3269:Data transmission
3183:Network switching
3134:Transmission line
2980:Guglielmo Marconi
2945:Internet pioneers
2810:Mohamed M. Atalla
2779:Whistled language
2444:
2443:
2386:Claro Puerto Rico
2314:
2313:
2235:Commercialization
2210:Sharp Corporation
2195:Motorola Mobility
2105:Texas Instruments
2065:MIPS Technologies
2005:AKM Semiconductor
1798:
1797:
1790:Virgin Mobile USA
1780:TracFone Wireless
1770:Consumer Cellular
1723:AT&T Mobility
1713:Claro Puerto Rico
1701:ATN International
1651:
1650:
1576:Altice Dominicana
1531:
1530:
1380:Defunct operators
1374:
1373:
1323:Metro by T-Mobile
1301:AT&T Mobility
1148:Claro Puerto Rico
1128:ATN International
1097:AT&T Mobility
269:Direct from some
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
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3525:
3516:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3367:Notable networks
3357:Wireless network
3297:Cellular network
3289:Types of network
3264:Computer network
3151:Network topology
3065:Thomas A. Watson
2920:Oliver Heaviside
2905:Philo Farnsworth
2880:Daniel Davis Jr.
2855:Charles Bourseul
2815:John Logie Baird
2524:Data compression
2519:Computer network
2471:
2464:
2457:
2448:
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2080:Qualcomm Atheros
1850:Bouygues Telecom
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1438:Midwest Wireless
1428:Houston Cellular
1381:
1311:Cricket Wireless
1306:AT&T Prepaid
1284:Total by Verizon
1242:Prepaid wireless
1235:
1228:
1221:
1212:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1053:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
997:
991:
990:
988:
986:
971:
965:
964:
962:
960:
951:. Archived from
945:
939:
938:
924:
918:
917:
904:
898:
897:
890:
884:
883:
870:
864:
863:
852:
846:
845:
843:
835:
829:
828:
826:
818:
809:
808:
806:
804:
794:
788:
787:
785:
783:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
753:. Archived from
747:
741:
740:
738:
736:
722:
716:
715:
713:
711:
695:
689:
688:
686:
684:
669:
663:
662:
660:
658:
649:. Archived from
643:
637:
636:
634:
632:
616:
598:
597:
596:
588:Mobile broadband
183:cellular network
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3492:
3490:
3482:
3424:
3361:
3283:
3247:
3204:
3153:
3145:
3086:
3079:
2985:Robert Metcalfe
2840:Tim Berners-Lee
2788:
2608:Information Age
2480:
2475:
2445:
2440:
2379:Hawaiian Telcom
2374:Cincinnati Bell
2350:
2345:
2315:
2310:
2279:
2237:
2229:
2200:NEC Corporation
2140:Chaudhary Group
2117:
2109:
1997:
1989:
1927:
1919:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1799:
1794:
1751:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1652:
1647:
1567:
1562:
1532:
1527:
1433:Indigo Wireless
1408:Dobson Cellular
1379:
1370:
1352:Spectrum Mobile
1294:Verizon Prepaid
1245:
1239:
1210:
1192:
1183:United Wireless
1116:
1085:
1080:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1010:
999:
998:
994:
984:
982:
973:
972:
968:
958:
956:
947:
946:
942:
928:"Pay as you go"
926:
925:
921:
906:
905:
901:
892:
891:
887:
872:
871:
867:
854:
853:
849:
841:
837:
836:
832:
824:
820:
819:
812:
802:
800:
796:
795:
791:
781:
779:
775:
774:
770:
760:
758:
749:
748:
744:
734:
732:
724:
723:
719:
709:
707:
699:"Top up by ATM"
697:
696:
692:
682:
680:
671:
670:
666:
656:
654:
645:
644:
640:
630:
628:
618:
617:
613:
608:
594:
592:
579:
570:
558:
491:
455:
435:emergency calls
431:
411:
402:
397:
395:Versus postpaid
324:post-paid basis
316:
310:
299:postpaid phones
260:migrant workers
214:
158:pay-as-you-talk
132:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3578:
3576:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3520:
3510:
3500:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3218:Space-division
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Camille Tissot
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3030:Claude Shannon
3027:
3022:
3020:Tivadar Puskás
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2990:Antonio Meucci
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Charles K. Kao
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2935:Harold Hopkins
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2835:Emile Berliner
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2774:Videotelephony
2771:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2749:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2672:
2670:Radiotelephone
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2556:Internet video
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:LG Electronics
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1890:SoftBank Group
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1785:Trumpet Mobile
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Rural Cellular
1480:
1478:Revol Wireless
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1448:Northcoast PCS
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1418:Element Mobile
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1364:Xfinity Mobile
1356:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1274:GoSmart Mobile
1271:
1266:
1264:NET10 Wireless
1261:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Docomo Pacific
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1020:
992:
966:
940:
919:
899:
885:
865:
847:
830:
810:
789:
768:
742:
717:
690:
664:
638:
610:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
590:
585:
578:
575:
569:
566:
557:
554:
521:
520:
517:
510:
509:
506:
490:
489:Privacy rights
487:
486:
485:
478:
454:
451:
430:
427:
410:
407:
401:
398:
396:
393:
348:
347:
341:
312:Main article:
309:
306:
287:
286:
274:
267:
263:
256:
249:
245:
239:
236:online payment
213:
210:
130:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3577:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3555:Mobile phones
3553:
3552:
3550:
3529:
3521:
3519:
3511:
3509:
3501:
3499:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3243:Code-division
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Time-division
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:and switching
3152:
3148:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3105:optical fiber
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:Coaxial cable
3093:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:Radia Perlman
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:Lee de Forest
2898:
2896:
2895:Thomas Edison
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Donald Davies
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Claude Chappe
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:Smoke signals
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2692:Semiconductor
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2551:Digital media
2549:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2460:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:Lenovo Mobile
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:Semiconductor
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:Nepal Telecom
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
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1586:BTC (Bahamas)
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546:Chuck Schumer
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409:Disadvantages
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375:patent holder
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68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
3210:Multiplexing
3085:Transmission
3050:Nikola Tesla
3040:Henry Sutton
2995:Samuel Morse
2925:Robert Hooke
2890:Amos Dolbear
2825:John Bardeen
2744:
2724:Telautograph
2628:Mobile phone
2583:Edholm's law
2566:social media
2499:Broadcasting
2411:GTA Teleguam
2396:Emery Telcom
2301:Google Nexus
1965:NXP Software
1955:Myriad Group
1865:China Unicom
1855:China Mobile
1775:H2O Wireless
1765:Boost Mobile
1523:Yahoo Mobile
1330:Boost Mobile
1241:
1163:GTA Teleguam
1143:Cellular One
1102:Boost Mobile
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1005:
995:
983:. Retrieved
969:
957:. Retrieved
953:the original
943:
931:
922:
911:
902:
888:
877:
868:
859:
850:
833:
801:. Retrieved
792:
780:. Retrieved
771:
759:. Retrieved
755:the original
745:
733:. Retrieved
729:
720:
708:. Retrieved
702:
693:
681:. Retrieved
676:
667:
655:. Retrieved
651:the original
641:
629:. Retrieved
623:
614:
571:
563:
559:
543:
532:
529:burner phone
528:
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522:
511:
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386:
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371:
363:announcement
360:
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349:
344:US-5148472-A
338:US-5291543-A
328:
317:
303:
296:
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288:
222:
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174:burner phone
173:
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161:
157:
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149:
145:
143:
133:
128:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
3410:NPL network
3122:Radio waves
3060:Alfred Vail
2970:Hedy Lamarr
2955:Dawon Kahng
2915:Elisha Gray
2875:Yogen Dalal
2800:Nasir Ahmed
2734:Teleprinter
2598:Heliographs
2436:Ziply Fiber
2421:TDS Telecom
2369:Brightspeed
2306:T-Mobile G1
2215:Sony Mobile
2092:(joined as
2090:ST-Ericsson
2027:(joined as
1975:PacketVideo
1740:T-Mobile US
1735:Open Mobile
1606:Puerto Rico
1458:Open Mobile
1335:Ting Mobile
1318:T-Mobile US
1107:T-Mobile US
1013:January 27,
980:Arstechnica
803:October 25,
782:October 25,
761:October 25,
735:November 6,
550:John Cornyn
548:(D-NY) and
238:processors.
228:Credit card
3549:Categories
3456:Antarctica
3415:Toasternet
3337:Television
2820:Paul Baran
2752:Television
2736:(teletype)
2729:Telegraphy
2707:transistor
2685:Phryctoria
2655:Photophone
2633:Smartphone
2623:Mass media
1905:Telefónica
1885:NTT Docomo
1870:Gruppo TIM
1340:Gen Mobile
959:August 21,
683:August 20,
657:August 21,
606:References
400:Advantages
253:swipe card
232:debit card
162:pay and go
107:April 2020
77:newspapers
3440:Americas
3429:Locations
3400:Internet2
3161:Bandwidth
2865:Vint Cerf
2762:streaming
2740:Telephone
2680:Semaphore
2571:streaming
2245:Accenture
2238:companies
2100:Synaptics
1998:companies
1928:companies
1842:operators
1244:providers
505:contract.
3508:Category
3395:Internet
3385:CYCLADES
3302:Ethernet
3252:Concepts
3176:terminal
3127:wireless
2950:Bob Kahn
2793:Pioneers
2618:Internet
2509:Cable TV
2364:AT&T
2284:See also
2075:Qualcomm
2060:MediaTek
2020:Broadcom
2015:Audience
1985:VisualOn
1925:Software
1915:Vodafone
1900:T-Mobile
1638:TracFone
1633:T-Mobile
1468:Powertel
1393:AirTouch
1259:TracFone
1121:Regional
1090:National
985:July 24,
933:Vodafone
879:CBS News
577:See also
459:operator
389:Swisscom
380:In 1996
369:to it).
282:SIM card
276:Through
248:balance.
212:Overview
166:go-phone
3528:Commons
3518:Outline
3471:Oceania
3390:FidoNet
3375:ARPANET
3188:circuit
2757:digital
2486:History
2291:Android
2220:Toshiba
2180:Kyocera
2160:Foxconn
2115:Handset
2045:Gemalto
2025:CSR plc
1757:Virtual
1718:Liberty
1628:Liberty
1613:Digicel
1581:bmobile
1488:Shentel
1473:PrimeCo
1359:Comcast
1254:Verizon
1138:Cellcom
1133:C Spire
1112:Verizon
453:Roaming
308:History
297:Unlike
91:scholar
3466:Europe
3436:Africa
3420:Usenet
3380:BITNET
3317:Mobile
3193:packet
2702:MOSFET
2697:device
2494:Beacon
2260:Teleca
2175:Huawei
2165:Garmin
2118:makers
2070:Nvidia
1950:Google
1935:Access
1840:Mobile
1618:ETECSA
1503:Unicel
1498:SunCom
1453:nTelos
1443:Nextel
1398:Alltel
1007:YouGov
710:May 6,
704:One NZ
631:May 6,
625:One NZ
534:burner
443:Orange
373:bills.
367:listen
285:areas.
170:prepay
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
3449:South
3444:North
3405:JANET
3342:Telex
3332:Radio
3171:Nodes
3166:Links
3087:media
2665:Radio
2650:Pager
2578:Drums
2544:video
2539:image
2529:audio
2250:Borqs
2050:Intel
1970:Omron
1910:Telus
1694:Major
1596:Claro
842:(PDF)
825:(PDF)
568:Usage
429:Churn
266:home.
234:, or
178:phone
172:, or
98:JSTOR
84:books
3461:Asia
3347:UUCP
3307:ISDN
2155:Dell
2135:Asus
2125:Acer
2029:SiRF
1980:SVOX
1945:eBay
1875:KDDI
1706:Viya
1643:Viva
1623:FLOW
1591:Viya
1173:Mobi
1015:2024
987:2014
961:2016
805:2015
784:2015
763:2015
737:2018
712:2024
685:2013
659:2016
633:2024
474:USSD
463:roam
423:roam
154:PAYG
70:news
3352:WAN
3322:NGN
3312:LAN
2593:Fax
2534:DCT
2406:GCI
2225:ZTE
2170:HTC
2150:CCI
2010:Arm
1158:GCI
531:or
415:SMS
382:MTN
377:).
243:ATM
208:).
204:or
185:or
156:),
53:by
3551::
2144:LG
1004:.
978:.
935:UK
930:.
910:.
876:.
858:.
813:^
728:.
701:.
675:.
622:.
230:,
168:,
164:,
160:,
144:A
3479:)
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2096:)
2031:)
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1663:v
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1543:v
1234:e
1227:t
1220:v
1075:e
1068:t
1061:v
1031:.
1017:.
989:.
963:.
937:.
916:.
896:.
882:.
862:.
844:.
827:.
807:.
786:.
765:.
739:.
714:.
687:.
661:.
635:.
200:(
152:(
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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