358:
infection occurs through breastfeeding. About 25% of infants who are breastfed by infected mothers are infected, while less than 5% of children born to but not breastfed by infected mothers are infected. Sexual transmission is second-most common, whereby an individual infects another through exchange of bodily fluids. Some evidence has suggested that male-to-female transmission is more efficient than female-to-male transmission. For example, one study in Japan found a 61% transmission rate for males to females vs. a less than 1% rate for females to males. Least common is parenteral transmission through blood transfusion, with an infection rate of 44-63% estimated in one study, and needle sharing among intravenous drug users. With proper prophylaxis (e.g. breastfeeding counseling for mothers, condom use, and donor blood screening), rates of transmission can be effectively reduced. The importance of the various routes of transmission is believed to vary geographically. The research in discordant couples showed that probability of sexual transmission is about 0.9 per 100 person-years.
306:
effect, suggesting prolonged viral transmission within isolated groups, but this theory warrants further investigation. Consistent findings reveal that HTLV-1 prevalence increases with age and is usually higher in adult females than males. Areas broadly regarded as having endemic regions include Japan, Iran, the
Americas, the Caribbean, Melanesia, Central and West Africa, and Australia. Globally, there remains a lack of robust data from populous countries like India and Nigeria and most of North and East Africa. As such, current global prevalence estimates, which are based on known endemic regions, likely underestimate the true global prevalence.
40:
58:
326:, where the genotype C predominates. In Europe HTLV-1 is uncommon, although it is present in some populations, generally people who have migrated from known endemic regions. In the Americas HTLV-1 is found in some Indigenous populations and descendants of African ancestry from where it is thought to have originated. Prevalence ranges from 0.1 to 1%. In Africa the prevalence is not well known, but it is about 1% in some countries.
221:
Strikingly, ATLV had the transforming activity in vitro. These studies established that HTLV-1 was the causitive agent of ATL. The retrovirus is now generally called HTLV-I because later studies proved that ATLV is the same as the firstly identified human retrovirus called HTLV discovered by
Bernard Poiesz and Francis Ruscetti and their co-workers in the laboratory of
380:
455:
and has been quite well studied in Japan. The time between infection and onset of cancer also varies geographically. It is believed to be about sixty years in Japan and less than forty years in the
Caribbean. The cancer is thought to be due to the pro-oncogenic effect of viral RNA incorporated into
309:
In
Australia, HTLV-I has notably high prevalence among Aboriginal communities in Central Australia. Community-based cross-sectional studies from Central Australia report HTLV-1 prevalences exceeding 30%, representing the highest reported prevalence for any population worldwide. In Taiwan, in Iran,
296:
HTLV-1 is believed to have originated from the simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (STLV-1), a retrovirus prevalent among numerous nonhuman primates in intertropical Africa. This theory is supported by the significant genetic diversity of HTLV-1 subtypes in Africa, potentially arising from repeated
305:
The global distribution of HTLV-I is highly heterogeneous, with focal occurrence in diverse regions. Within areas where HTLV-I is found, its occurrence varies considerably, with endemic clusters often situated near populations with lower prevalence. This pattern might be influenced by the founder
220:
In 1977, Adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL) was first described in a case series of individuals from Japan. The symptoms of ATL were different from other lymphomas known at the time. The common birthplace shared amongst most of the ATL patients was suggestive of an infectious cause, referred to as ATLV.
297:
zoonotic transmissions during human interactions with STLV-1 endemic nonhuman primates. This correlation is further reinforced by the observation that individuals bitten by nonhuman primates exhibit HTLV-1 strains with sequences remarkably homologous to the STLV-1 found in local primate species.
422:
The term viral tropism refers to which cell types HTLV-I infects. Although HTLV-1 is primarily found in CD4+ T cells, other cell types in the peripheral blood of infected individuals have been found to contain HTLV-1, including CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells and B cells. HTLV-I entry is mediated
357:
HTLV-1 has three main routes of transmission. Vertical transmission is most common, through which an infected mother transmits the virus to her child. Interestingly, the risk to a fetus while inside the womb is minimal, given the virtual absence of viral particles in human plasma. Most vertical
491:
HTLV-1 is also associated with a progressive demyelinating upper motor neuron disease known as HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), characterized by sensory and motor deficits, particularly of the lower extremities, incontinence and impotence. Only 0.3 to 4% of
292:
HTLV-1 is genetically classified into seven subtypes, each defined by a unique geographic distribution influenced by population migration. The most globally widespread is the cosmopolitan subtype A, which further branches into several subgroups: transcontinental, Japanese, West
African, North
333:
and about one-tenth as prevalent in the population at large as HIV infection. Although little serologic data exist, the prevalence of infection is thought to be highest among blacks living in the
Southeast. A prevalence rate of 30% has been found among black intravenous drug users in
659:
Treatment of opportunistic infections varies depending on the type of disease and ranges from careful observation to aggressive chemotherapy and antiretroviral agents. Adult T cell lymphoma is a common complication of HTLV infection and requires aggressive chemotherapy, typically
698:
has been studied to determine if it might slow the progression of HTLV disease by reducing viral load. Although in one human study it was effective in reducing viral load, there did not appear to be a clinical benefit. Recently however, a study of valproic acid combined with
612:). The result is a reduction in the ability of the infected host to mount an adequate immune response to invading organisms that require a predominantly Th2 dependent response (these include parasitic infections and production of mucosal and humoral antibodies).
1496:
Tajima K, et al. (The T- and B-cell
Malignancy Study Group) (April 1988). "The third nation-wide study on adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in Japan: characteristic patterns of HLA antigen and HTLV-I infection in ATL patients and their relatives".
734:
has been investigated in the treatment of HTLV-1 disease with varied results. One case report describes an HTLV-1 infected woman who developed chronic refractory eczema, corneal injury and adult T cell leukemia. She was subsequently treated with allogenic
217:(HAM/TSP), both of which are only diagnosed in individuals testing positive to HTLV-1 infection. The estimated lifetime risk of ATL among people with HTLV-1 infection is approximately 5%, while that of HAM/TSP is approximately 2%.
204:
Most people with HTLV-1 infection do not appear to develop health conditions that can be directly linked to the infection. However, there is a subgroup of people who experience severe complications. The most well characterized are
983:
Miyoshi I, Kubonishi I, Yoshimoto S, Akagi T, Ohtsuki Y, Shiraishi Y, et al. (December 1981). "Type C virus particles in a cord T-cell line derived by co-cultivating normal human cord leukocytes and human leukaemic T cells".
288:
which is contained inside the protein inner envelope. The lipid outer envelope is of host cell origin but contains viral transmembrane and surface proteins. The virion is spherical in shape with a diameter of about 100 nm.
1422:"Differences in viral and host genetic risk factors for development of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis between Iranian and Japanese HTLV-1-infected individuals"
807:
Schierhout G, McGregor S, Gessain A, Einsiedel L, Martinello M, Kaldor J (January 2020). "Association between HTLV-1 infection and adverse health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies".
5970:
229:. Persistent lifelong infection is established when HTLV-1 integrates into the host genome as a provirus. A patient infected with HTLV-1 can be diagnosed when antibodies against HTLV-1 are detected in the
5714:
1035:
Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Reitz MS, Kalyanaraman VS, Gallo RC (November 1981). "Isolation of a new type C retrovirus (HTLV) in primary uncultured cells of a patient with Sézary T-cell leukaemia".
5268:
365:
In the
Caribbean, the geographic distribution of the virus is more uniform, and it is more common among those with many sexual partners, indicating that sexual transmission is more common.
4864:
3370:
6105:
5385:
1287:"Very high prevalence of infection with the human T cell leukaemia virus type 1c in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: Results of a large cross-sectional community survey"
1195:"Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 subtype C molecular variants among indigenous australians: new insights into the molecular epidemiology of HTLV-1 in Australo-Melanesia"
5975:
5784:
3805:
2793:
293:
African, Senegalese, and Afro-Peruvian. While subtypes B, D, E, F, and G are localized to distinct regions in Africa, subtype C is predominant in
Australia and Oceania.
456:
host lymphocyte DNA. Chronic stimulation of the lymphocytes at the cytokine level may play a role in the development of the malignancy. The lymphoma ranges from a very
5998:
4620:
739:
and had complete resolution of symptoms. One year post-transplant, she has had no recurrence of any symptoms, and furthermore has had a decrease in her proviral load.
5350:
5740:
2280:
1461:
Verdonck K, González E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E (April 2007). "Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection".
1107:
Verdonck K, González E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E (April 2007). "Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection".
6067:
5079:
4874:
3384:
580:
HTLV-1, unlike the distantly related retrovirus HIV, has an immunostimulating effect which actually becomes immunosuppressive. The virus activates a subset of
5430:
5943:
4249:
5982:
5528:
5273:
3050:
703:
showed a major decrease in the viral load of baboons infected with HTLV-1. It is important to monitor HTLV patients for opportunistic infections such as
5407:
2881:
2921:
5508:
5306:
5932:
5606:
5160:
3886:
5779:
1767:
5598:
5149:
3798:
2786:
6100:
5927:
4123:
3014:
2336:
1336:
Cantor KP, Weiss SH, Goedert JJ, Battjes RJ (1991). "HTLV-I/II seroprevalence and HIV/HTLV coinfection among U.S. intravenous drug users".
4238:
565:. At onset the patients present with blurred vision and floaters. The prognosis is favorable—the condition usually resolves within weeks.
5883:
5503:
5301:
5185:
3071:
2755:
2234:
1636:
Osame M, Usuku K, Izumo S, Ijichi N, Amitani H, Igata A, et al. (May 1986). "HTLV-I associated myelopathy, a new clinical entity".
596:). Feedback mechanisms of these cytokines cause a suppression of the Th2 lymphocytes and a reduction of Th2 cytokine production (mainly
5774:
1979:
5072:
4113:
3390:
2916:
2873:
2031:
402:
3305:
5735:
273:
are produced and there is usually no detectable virus in the blood plasma though the virus is present in genital secretions. Like
4625:
4465:
3998:
3993:
3791:
3376:
2779:
1901:
1886:
5965:
5957:
5816:
5694:
5633:
5619:
5513:
5454:
5291:
5217:
4400:
2975:
2961:
2676:
452:
446:
615:
In the central
Australian Aboriginal population, HTLV-1 is thought to be related to their extremely high rate of death from
362:
In Japan, the geographic clustering of infections suggest that the virus is more dependent on mother-to-child transmission.
57:
6013:
5923:
5873:
5769:
5498:
5282:
4657:
4297:
3896:
2760:
2551:
2330:
2312:
2306:
2259:
676:. Treatments for HTLV myelopathy are even more limited and focus mainly on symptomatic therapy. Therapies studied include
5905:
5794:
5602:
5156:
5065:
4948:
4551:
3180:
3085:
3079:
2516:
2202:
2143:
486:
214:
210:
5846:
5719:
5425:
4578:
4573:
4561:
4103:
3986:
3543:
3469:
3463:
3136:
2541:
2208:
2173:
349:
of Northern Canada, in Japan, northeastern Iran, Peru, the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador, and the Caribbean.
6095:
5761:
4667:
4585:
4566:
3932:
2193:
1760:
198:
6072:
1246:"A Severe Bite From a Nonhuman Primate Is a Major Risk Factor for HTLV-1 Infection in Hunters From Central Africa"
5649:
5490:
5412:
4790:
4253:
3600:
3207:
2571:
2511:
2168:
1896:
736:
644:
639:
529:
469:
226:
4145:
5851:
5679:
4869:
4812:
4690:
4485:
4010:
3309:
3221:
3126:
2956:
2929:
2901:
2834:
2546:
2324:
1739:
720:
5317:
1365:"Increase in incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in non-endemic areas of Japan and the United States"
918:"Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera"
4973:
4635:
4630:
4535:
4330:
4316:
4292:
4234:
4044:
3928:
3105:
1832:
574:
423:
through interaction of the surface unit of the virion envelope glycoprotein (SU) with its cellular receptor
5868:
5419:
3299:
2895:
6035:
5745:
5724:
5638:
4320:
4288:
4264:
4099:
3977:
3901:
3876:
3862:
3841:
3499:
3477:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3237:
3131:
3092:
2521:
2506:
1827:
1679:
Gonçalves DU, Proietti FA, Ribas JG, Araújo MG, Pinheiro SR, Guedes AC, Carneiro-Proietti AB (July 2010).
731:
716:
1843:
261:
into DNA and then integrated into the cellular DNA. Once integrated, HTLV-1 continues to exist only as a
5877:
5467:
5361:
4753:
4662:
4640:
4304:
3981:
3484:
3065:
2935:
2732:
2421:
2269:
2254:
2214:
1780:
1753:
1745:
1735:
633:
258:
206:
5440:
5263:
2906:
1912:
1860:
588:
cells. The result is a proliferation of Th1 cells and overproduction of Th1 related cytokines (mainly
5674:
5286:
5197:
4805:
4800:
4179:
3748:
3580:
3215:
3044:
2438:
1044:
993:
929:
562:
534:
52:
2401:
2384:
2367:
5474:
5258:
5228:
4741:
4726:
4595:
4390:
3166:
2887:
2074:
1681:"Epidemiology, treatment, and prevention of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated diseases"
2704:
2633:
2616:
2005:
647:
which may lead to death from polymicrobial sepsis. HTLV-1 infection has also been associated with
492:
infected individuals develop HAM/TSP, but this will vary from one geographic location to another.
39:
5938:
4938:
4213:
4065:
3269:
3025:
2582:
2447:
2410:
2148:
1661:
1618:
1569:
1522:
1068:
1017:
947:
851:
833:
514:
460:
and slowly progressive type to a very aggressive and nearly uniformly lethal proliferative type.
457:
254:
2771:
1420:
Sabouri AH, Saito M, Usuku K, Bajestan SN, Mahmoudi M, Forughipour M, et al. (March 2005).
1363:
Chihara, D; Ito, H; Katanoda, K; Shibata, A; Matsuda, T; Tajima, K; Sobue, T; Matsuo, K (2012).
2091:
2057:
916:
Hinuma Y, Nagata K, Hanaoka M, Nakai M, Matsumoto T, Kinoshita KI, et al. (October 1981).
6018:
5688:
5669:
5658:
5448:
5338:
5253:
5018:
4795:
4138:
3952:
3733:
3684:
3665:
3646:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3341:
3246:
2950:
2828:
2452:
2356:
2341:
2225:
2123:
1891:
1877:
1710:
1653:
1610:
1561:
1514:
1478:
1443:
1402:
1384:
1345:
1318:
1267:
1226:
1175:
1124:
1060:
1009:
965:
898:
825:
789:
550:
392:
17:
3783:
1540:
Clark J, Saxinger C, Gibbs WN, Lofters W, Lagranade L, Deceulaer K, et al. (July 1985).
1285:
Einsiedel L, Pham H, Talukder MR, Taylor K, Wilson K, Kaldor J, et al. (December 2021).
577:—diseases not caused by the virus itself, but by alterations in the host's immune functions.
314:(a Chinese province near Taiwan) the prevalence is 0.1–1%. The infection rate is about 1% in
5788:
5567:
5435:
5334:
5057:
4746:
4731:
4361:
4172:
4167:
3708:
3418:
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3030:
2911:
2842:
2274:
1700:
1692:
1645:
1600:
1553:
1506:
1470:
1433:
1392:
1376:
1308:
1298:
1257:
1244:
Filippone C, Betsem E, Tortevoye P, Cassar O, Bassot S, Froment A, et al. (June 2015).
1216:
1206:
1165:
1155:
1116:
1052:
1001:
955:
937:
888:
817:
779:
771:
758:
Legrand N, McGregor S, Bull R, Bajis S, Valencia BM, Ronnachit A, et al. (April 2022).
685:
673:
669:
315:
5561:
5556:
5365:
5249:
5115:
5110:
4823:
4453:
4446:
4441:
4244:
4155:
4035:
4030:
3632:
3560:
3555:
3537:
3457:
3446:
3317:
3281:
3201:
2987:
2848:
2318:
2245:
2184:
2134:
1818:
1785:
704:
677:
319:
250:
154:
118:
106:
94:
1048:
997:
933:
760:"Clinical and Public Health Implications of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection"
401:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
6008:
4650:
4338:
4309:
2868:
2486:
2475:
2159:
1948:
1807:
1705:
1680:
1397:
1364:
1313:
1286:
1221:
1194:
1170:
1143:
784:
759:
708:
681:
620:
609:
605:
1649:
1605:
1588:
1474:
1120:
960:
917:
821:
6089:
5915:
5614:
5523:
5479:
5296:
5170:
4997:
4907:
4855:
4776:
4758:
4680:
4600:
4476:
4458:
4370:
4160:
3817:
2863:
2858:
2806:
2046:
1959:
1796:
1542:"Seroepidemiologic studies of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I in Jamaica"
1380:
837:
695:
601:
597:
585:
581:
266:
1622:
1526:
5518:
5180:
5011:
4837:
4611:
4426:
4345:
4279:
4268:
4225:
4060:
4053:
4048:
4003:
3968:
3911:
3853:
3724:
3574:
3252:
3113:
2650:
2532:
2264:
1937:
1665:
1573:
1021:
648:
278:
246:
230:
222:
130:
3821:
1072:
549:, although the evidence is contradictory. In these cases patients have a negative
329:
HTLV-I infection in the United States appears to be about half as prevalent among
1303:
1211:
727:
should also be performed, as some patients may be co-infected with both viruses.
5192:
4842:
4832:
4736:
4717:
4544:
4539:
4435:
4199:
4133:
4090:
4020:
3942:
3866:
3764:
3713:
3701:
3696:
3689:
3677:
3672:
3651:
3621:
3523:
3362:
3274:
3257:
3192:
2853:
2687:
2562:
1994:
1970:
893:
876:
692:, which may produce a temporary symptomatic improvement in myelopathy symptoms.
561:
Studies from Japan demonstrated that HTLV-1 infection may be associated with an
546:
339:
330:
6058:
922:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
664:. Other treatments for ATL in HTLV infected patients include interferon alpha,
5088:
5029:
4959:
4929:
4879:
4763:
4645:
4526:
4381:
4259:
4190:
4072:
3921:
3614:
3398:
3155:
2745:
2667:
2497:
2291:
2112:
700:
689:
665:
628:
502:
335:
242:
194:
142:
1388:
1160:
5038:
3830:
3659:
3640:
3607:
3595:
3589:
3568:
3514:
3442:
3413:
3336:
3328:
3290:
3059:
3038:
2944:
2822:
2814:
2802:
2599:
2022:
942:
624:
593:
589:
82:
1714:
1614:
1557:
1510:
1482:
1447:
1406:
1322:
1271:
1230:
1193:
Cassar O, Einsiedel L, Afonso PV, Gessain A (2013-09-26). Bausch DG (ed.).
1179:
1128:
829:
793:
396:
379:
1657:
1587:
Manel N, Kim FJ, Kinet S, Taylor N, Sitbon M, Battini JL (November 2003).
1565:
1518:
1438:
1421:
1349:
1064:
1013:
969:
6052:
6003:
5831:
5542:
5105:
5092:
3814:
3757:
3404:
3146:
3002:
1696:
1262:
1245:
902:
775:
724:
262:
4968:
4917:
4895:
4414:
3510:
875:
Uchiyama T, Yodoi J, Sagawa K, Takatsuki K, Uchino H (September 1977).
712:
323:
877:"Adult T-cell leukemia: clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases"
5551:
5006:
4785:
4514:
4503:
3119:
2740:
1056:
1005:
951:
661:
616:
508:
311:
285:
270:
6029:
1541:
1144:"Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection"
5374:
5239:
5223:
3770:
3529:
3161:
1776:
1589:"The ubiquitous glucose transporter GLUT-1 is a receptor for HTLV"
424:
346:
69:
5837:
5731:
5710:
5628:
5370:
5345:
5325:
5321:
5208:
5126:
5121:
4077:
2750:
522:
6033:
5061:
3787:
2775:
1749:
5577:
5572:
5462:
4705:
2996:
2300:
373:
274:
5715:
Non-mycosis fungoides CD30− cutaneous large T-cell lymphoma
468:
There is some evidence that HTLV-1 is a causative agent of
338:, and a rate of 49% has been found in a similar group in
852:"Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1: technical report"
623:, a chronic lung condition predisposing to recurrent
505:
gait in combination with weakness of the lower limbs
6042:
5991:
5956:
5914:
5896:
5860:
5830:
5803:
5758:
5703:
5657:
5648:
5588:
5550:
5541:
5489:
5399:
5360:
5316:
5238:
5207:
5169:
5148:
5137:
5104:
5027:
4995:
4986:
4957:
4927:
4905:
4894:
4853:
4821:
4774:
4715:
4704:
4678:
4609:
4524:
4513:
4502:
4474:
4424:
4413:
4379:
4359:
4277:
4223:
4212:
4188:
4088:
3966:
3851:
3840:
3829:
3747:
3723:
3631:
3554:
3509:
3498:
3327:
3289:
3268:
3236:
3191:
3145:
3024:
3013:
2986:
2813:
2731:
2702:
2685:
2665:
2648:
2631:
2614:
2597:
2580:
2560:
2530:
2495:
2484:
2473:
2436:
2419:
2399:
2382:
2365:
2354:
2289:
2243:
2223:
2182:
2157:
2132:
2121:
2110:
2089:
2072:
2055:
2044:
2020:
2003:
1992:
1968:
1957:
1946:
1935:
1910:
1875:
1858:
1841:
1816:
1805:
1794:
5785:Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified
1730:
753:
751:
5607:Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
5161:Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
573:Individuals infected with HTLV-1 are at risk for
5351:Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
1338:Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
1102:
521:Other neurologic findings that may be found in
495:Signs and symptoms of HTLV myelopathy include:
2281:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
627:. It is also associated with chronic infected
5741:Secondary cutaneous CD30+ large-cell lymphoma
5073:
3799:
2787:
1761:
284:The viral RNA is packed into the icosahedral
265:which can spread from cell to cell through a
8:
6106:Sexually transmitted diseases and infections
5431:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
5386:immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders
545:HTLV-1 is associated with a rheumatoid-like
499:Motor and sensory changes in the extremities
481:HTLV myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
5944:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
4250:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
6030:
5983:Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin
5654:
5585:
5547:
5529:Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma
5274:Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma
5145:
5134:
5101:
5080:
5066:
5058:
4992:
4902:
4712:
4521:
4510:
4421:
4220:
3848:
3837:
3806:
3792:
3784:
3506:
3286:
3051:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
3021:
2794:
2780:
2772:
2492:
2481:
2362:
2129:
2118:
2052:
2000:
1965:
1954:
1943:
1813:
1802:
1768:
1754:
1746:
619:. It is also particularly associated with
427:, a glucose transporter, on target cells.
38:
29:
2922:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
1738:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1704:
1604:
1437:
1396:
1312:
1302:
1261:
1220:
1210:
1169:
1159:
959:
941:
892:
783:
5509:Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
5307:Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
5971:with bandlike and perivascular patterns
5933:Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
1731:International Retrovirology Association
747:
5780:Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
179:Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1
4621:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
7:
5928:X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
2337:Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
5884:Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
5504:Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
4124:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
3072:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
2756:Human teratocarcinoma-derived virus
2235:Walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus
1980:Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus
191:adult T-cell lymphoma virus type 1
25:
3391:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
2917:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
2032:Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus
4114:Western equine encephalomyelitis
4104:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
3377:Middle East respiratory syndrome
2303:(human immunodeficiency viruses)
1381:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02373.x
1291:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
1199:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
378:
56:
5736:CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
4239:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
2307:Simian immunodeficiency viruses
1902:Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus
1887:Ground squirrel hepatitis virus
1546:International Journal of Cancer
1499:International Journal of Cancer
1463:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
1426:The Journal of General Virology
1109:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
810:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
451:HTLV-1 is also associated with
277:, HTLV-1 predominantly infects
5966:Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia
5958:Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia
5817:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
5695:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
5634:Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
5514:Primary cutaneous immunocytoma
5455:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
4401:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
2976:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
2962:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
2677:Soybean chlorotic mottle virus
2325:Equine infectious anemia virus
453:adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
447:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
441:Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
169:Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1
18:Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1
1:
6014:Lymphoproliferative disorders
5924:Lymphoproliferative disorders
5874:Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma
5746:Lymphomatoid papulosis type A
5725:Lymphomatoid papulosis type B
5639:Lymphomatoid papulosis type A
5499:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
4658:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
3897:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
2761:Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W
2552:Strawberry vein banding virus
2331:Bovine immunodeficiency virus
2313:Feline immunodeficiency virus
2260:Abelson murine leukemia virus
1685:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1650:10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91298-5
1606:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00881-X
1475:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70081-6
1121:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70081-6
822:10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30402-5
764:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
33:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
6044:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
5906:Acute biphenotypic leukaemia
5795:Subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma
4552:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
3181:Tropical spastic paraparesis
3086:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
2517:Kalanchoe top-spotting virus
2144:Avian sarcoma leukosis virus
1736:Human+T-lymphotropic+virus+1
1304:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009915
1250:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1212:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002418
1142:Gessain A, Cassar O (2012).
487:Tropical spastic paraparesis
215:Tropical spastic paraparesis
211:HTLV-I-associated myelopathy
6101:Infectious causes of cancer
5847:Aggressive NK-cell leukemia
5720:Pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma
5426:Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
4574:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
4562:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
3544:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
3464:Human parainfluenza viruses
3137:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
2542:Carnation etched ring virus
2209:Simian-T-lymphotropic virus
2174:Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus
894:10.1182/blood.V50.3.481.481
732:bone marrow transplantation
631:, often superinfected with
6122:
4586:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
4466:Sandfly fever Naples virus
2194:Human T-lymphotropic virus
484:
444:
345:It is also high among the
199:human T-lymphotropic virus
183:human T-lymphotropic virus
5100:
4254:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
3208:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
2572:Cassava vein mosaic virus
2512:Cacao swollen shoot virus
2169:Mouse mammary tumor virus
1897:Woodchuck hepatitis virus
1148:Frontiers in Microbiology
737:stem cell transplantation
721:staphylococcal infections
640:Strongyloides stercoralis
530:Mild cognitive impairment
470:cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
464:Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
227:National Cancer Institute
51:
46:
37:
32:
5999:Hematological malignancy
5852:Blastic NK cell lymphoma
5680:Granulomatous slack skin
5436:Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
5335:Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
4870:SARS-related coronavirus
4833:Henipavirus encephalitis
4691:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
4536:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4317:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4289:Arbovirus encephalitides
4265:Arbovirus encephalitides
4235:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4200:Banna virus encephalitis
4100:Arbovirus encephalitides
4045:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
4011:Saint Louis encephalitis
3978:Arbovirus encephalitides
3929:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
3863:Arbovirus encephalitides
3310:Infectious mononucleosis
3127:Chandipura vesiculovirus
2957:Hepatocellular carcinoma
2902:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
2835:Hepatocellular carcinoma
2547:Cauliflower mosaic virus
1740:Medical Subject Headings
1161:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00388
575:opportunistic infections
569:Opportunistic infections
245:belonging to the family
4974:Yaba monkey tumor virus
4331:Kyasanur Forest disease
4293:Tick-borne encephalitis
3994:Australian encephalitis
3887:California encephalitis
3106:Encephalitis lethargica
2807:viral systemic diseases
1833:Heron hepatitis B virus
943:10.1073/pnas.78.10.6476
391:about NRP-1 & HSPG
4321:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
3902:La Crosse encephalitis
3478:Human orthopneumovirus
3132:Herpesviral meningitis
3093:Arbovirus encephalitis
2522:Rubus yellow net virus
2507:Banana streak MY virus
1828:Duck hepatitis B virus
1558:10.1002/ijc.2910360107
1511:10.1002/ijc.2910410406
717:pneumocystis pneumonia
389:is missing information
5878:Angiocentric lymphoma
5468:AIDS-related lymphoma
5292:Splenic marginal zone
4754:Marburg virus disease
4305:Powassan encephalitis
3982:Japanese encephalitis
2936:Merkel-cell carcinoma
2270:Feline leukemia virus
2255:Murine leukemia virus
2215:Bovine leukemia virus
1439:10.1099/vir.0.80509-0
637:and a severe form of
634:Staphylococcus aureus
513:Bladder dysfunction (
476:Inflammatory diseases
207:adult T-cell lymphoma
5976:with nodular pattern
5675:Pagetoid reticulosis
5287:marginal zone B-cell
4180:Semliki Forest virus
3581:Adenovirus infection
3045:Human polyomavirus 2
2874:Oropharyngeal cancer
1781:Reverse transcribing
1697:10.1128/CMR.00063-09
776:10.1128/cmr.00078-21
563:intermediate uveitis
535:Erectile dysfunction
517:) and bladder cancer
269:. Few, if any, free
53:Virus classification
5475:Helicobacter pylori
5302:Nodal marginal zone
5229:Hairy cell leukemia
5095:and related disease
4727:Ebola virus disease
4391:Colorado tick fever
4146:O'nyong'nyong fever
3167:Post-polio syndrome
2803:Infectious diseases
1844:Herpetohepadnavirus
1644:(8488): 1031–1032.
1049:1981Natur.294..268P
998:1981Natur.294..770M
934:1981PNAS...78.6476H
431:Associated diseases
259:reverse transcribed
189:), also called the
6019:Lymphoid leukemias
5939:Leukemoid reaction
5775:Angioimmunoblastic
5441:Burkitt's lymphoma
4939:Simian foamy virus
3300:Epstein–Barr virus
3270:Respiratory system
2907:Burkitt's lymphoma
2448:Simian foamy virus
2422:Prosimiispumavirus
2411:Feline foamy virus
2149:Rous sarcoma virus
1263:10.1093/cid/civ145
515:neurogenic bladder
255:positive-sense RNA
6096:Deltaretroviruses
6083:
6082:
6036:Taxon identifiers
6027:
6026:
5952:
5951:
5892:
5891:
5826:
5825:
5754:
5753:
5670:Mycosis fungoides
5537:
5536:
5395:
5394:
5339:Nodular sclerosis
5254:follicular B cell
5055:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5046:
4982:
4981:
4890:
4889:
4700:
4699:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4409:
4408:
4208:
4207:
3953:Rift Valley fever
3781:
3780:
3743:
3742:
3494:
3493:
3425:Influenza virus A
3342:Human coronavirus
3232:
3231:
3222:Herpes of the eye
2769:
2768:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2453:Human foamy virus
2357:Spumaretrovirinae
2350:
2349:
2342:Visna-maedi virus
2226:Epsilonretrovirus
2124:Orthoretrovirinae
2106:
2105:
2040:
2039:
1988:
1987:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1892:Hepatitis B virus
1878:Orthohepadnavirus
1432:(Pt 3): 773–781.
1375:(10): 1857–1860.
1256:(11): 1667–1676.
1043:(5838): 268–271.
992:(5843): 770–771.
928:(10): 6476–6480.
645:hyper-infestation
643:infection called
551:rheumatoid factor
420:
419:
176:
175:
16:(Redirected from
6113:
6076:
6075:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6031:
5789:Lennert lymphoma
5655:
5586:
5548:
5413:Primary effusion
5146:
5135:
5102:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5059:
4993:
4903:
4713:
4522:
4511:
4486:Chandipura virus
4422:
4362:Orthomyxoviridae
4221:
4168:Ross River fever
3933:Bunyamwera fever
3849:
3838:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3785:
3507:
3502:digestive system
3419:Orthomyxoviridae
3385:SARS coronavirus
3371:MERS coronavirus
3287:
3099:Orthomyxoviridae
3022:
2988:Immune disorders
2912:Hodgkin lymphoma
2888:Kaposi's sarcoma
2796:
2789:
2782:
2773:
2493:
2482:
2476:dsDNA-RT viruses
2363:
2275:Koala retrovirus
2130:
2119:
2053:
2001:
1966:
1955:
1949:ssRNA-RT viruses
1944:
1913:Parahepadnavirus
1861:Metahepadnavirus
1814:
1803:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1608:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1400:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1297:(12): e0009915.
1282:
1276:
1275:
1265:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1214:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1163:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1104:
1077:
1076:
1057:10.1038/294268a0
1032:
1026:
1025:
1006:10.1038/294770a0
980:
974:
973:
963:
945:
913:
907:
906:
896:
872:
866:
865:
863:
862:
848:
842:
841:
804:
798:
797:
787:
755:
686:cyclophosphamide
674:arsenic trioxide
670:interferon alpha
415:
412:
406:
382:
374:
316:Papua New Guinea
61:
60:
42:
30:
27:Species of virus
21:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6079:
6071:
6066:
6057:
6056:
6051:
6038:
6028:
6023:
5987:
5948:
5910:
5898:
5888:
5856:
5835:
5822:
5799:
5760:
5750:
5699:
5644:
5592:
5590:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5533:
5485:
5391:
5368:
5356:
5312:
5250:germinal center
5234:
5203:
5165:
5141:
5139:
5119:
5114:
5108:
5096:
5086:
5056:
5043:
5023:
4988:
4978:
4953:
4923:
4897:
4886:
4849:
4824:Paramyxoviridae
4817:
4770:
4707:
4696:
4674:
4605:
4516:
4505:
4490:
4470:
4454:Pappataci fever
4447:Oropouche virus
4442:Oropouche fever
4416:
4405:
4375:
4355:
4273:
4245:Heartland virus
4215:
4204:
4184:
4156:Pogosta disease
4084:
4031:West Nile fever
3962:
3843:
3832:
3825:
3812:
3782:
3777:
3739:
3719:
3627:
3601:Gastroenteritis
3559:
3556:Gastroenteritis
3550:
3538:Cytomegalovirus
3501:
3490:
3458:Paramyxoviridae
3447:Avian influenza
3323:
3318:Cytomegalovirus
3282:viral pneumonia
3280:
3277:nasopharyngitis
3276:
3273:
3264:
3228:
3202:Cytomegalovirus
3187:
3141:
3029:
3016:
3009:
2982:
2849:Cervical cancer
2809:
2800:
2770:
2765:
2715:
2698:
2681:
2661:
2644:
2627:
2610:
2593:
2576:
2556:
2526:
2457:
2439:Simiispumavirus
2432:
2415:
2395:
2378:
2346:
2319:Puma lentivirus
2285:
2246:Gammaretrovirus
2239:
2219:
2185:Deltaretrovirus
2178:
2153:
2135:Alpharetrovirus
2102:
2085:
2068:
2036:
2016:
1984:
1923:
1906:
1871:
1854:
1837:
1819:Avihepadnavirus
1790:
1786:Revtraviricetes
1774:
1727:
1722:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1106:
1105:
1080:
1034:
1033:
1029:
982:
981:
977:
915:
914:
910:
874:
873:
869:
860:
858:
850:
849:
845:
806:
805:
801:
770:(2): e0007821.
757:
756:
749:
745:
705:cytomegalovirus
678:corticosteroids
657:
571:
559:
543:
489:
483:
478:
466:
449:
443:
438:
433:
416:
410:
407:
400:
383:
372:
355:
320:Solomon Islands
303:
257:genome that is
251:deltaretrovirus
239:
223:Robert C. Gallo
201:(HTLV) family.
172:
156:Deltaretrovirus
120:Revtraviricetes
55:
47:HTLV-1 and HIV
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6119:
6117:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6088:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6064:
6048:
6046:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6009:Leukemia cutis
6006:
6001:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5962:
5960:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5930:
5920:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5792:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5766:
5764:
5756:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5689:Sézary disease
5683:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5663:
5661:
5652:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5636:
5624:
5623:
5620:Prolymphocytic
5610:
5596:
5594:
5583:
5582:
5581:
5575:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5495:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5471:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5416:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5380:
5378:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5342:
5331:
5329:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5278:
5277:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5245:
5243:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5220:
5218:Prolymphocytic
5214:
5212:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5189:
5176:
5174:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5154:
5152:
5143:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5098:
5097:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5062:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5035:
5033:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5003:
5001:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4913:
4911:
4900:
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4859:
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4451:
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4411:
4410:
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4336:
4328:
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4314:
4313:
4312:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4285:
4283:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4262:
4257:
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4242:
4231:
4229:
4218:
4210:
4209:
4206:
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4202:
4196:
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4186:
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4177:
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4131:
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4119:
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4110:
4109:
4096:
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4081:
4080:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3974:
3972:
3964:
3963:
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3960:
3959:
3958:
3950:
3949:
3948:
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3919:
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3917:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3899:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3859:
3857:
3846:
3835:
3827:
3826:
3818:viral diseases
3813:
3811:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3788:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3761:
3753:
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3727:
3721:
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3705:
3693:
3681:
3669:
3662:
3656:
3655:
3643:
3637:
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3629:
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3626:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3552:
3551:
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3548:
3547:
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3534:
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3532:
3519:
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3504:
3496:
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3452:
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3409:
3408:
3407:
3395:
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3381:
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3379:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3333:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3295:
3293:
3284:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3242:
3240:
3238:Cardiovascular
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3197:
3195:
3189:
3188:
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3185:
3184:
3183:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3019:
3017:nervous system
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2992:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2869:Vaginal cancer
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2801:
2799:
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2683:
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2679:
2673:
2671:
2663:
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2660:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2490:
2487:Caulimoviridae
2479:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2402:Felispumavirus
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:Equispumavirus
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:Bovispumavirus
2360:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2160:Betaretrovirus
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2127:
2116:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1963:
1952:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1808:Hepadnaviridae
1800:
1792:
1791:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1726:
1725:External links
1723:
1721:
1720:
1691:(3): 577–589.
1671:
1628:
1599:(4): 449–459.
1579:
1532:
1505:(4): 505–512.
1488:
1469:(4): 266–281.
1453:
1412:
1369:Cancer Science
1355:
1344:(5): 460–467.
1328:
1277:
1236:
1185:
1134:
1115:(4): 266–281.
1078:
1027:
975:
908:
887:(3): 481–492.
867:
843:
816:(1): 133–143.
799:
746:
744:
741:
709:histoplasmosis
682:plasmapheresis
672:and CHOP with
656:
653:
621:bronchiectasis
582:T-helper cells
570:
567:
558:
555:
542:
539:
538:
537:
532:
519:
518:
511:
506:
500:
485:Main article:
482:
479:
477:
474:
465:
462:
445:Main article:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
418:
417:
386:
384:
377:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
354:
351:
302:
299:
249:and the genus
238:
235:
174:
173:
166:
164:
160:
159:
152:
148:
147:
140:
136:
135:
128:
124:
123:
116:
112:
111:
108:Artverviricota
104:
100:
99:
92:
88:
87:
80:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6118:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
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6091:
6074:
6069:
6065:
6060:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6032:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5990:
5984:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5916:Lymphocytosis
5913:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5895:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5833:
5829:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5770:Hepatosplenic
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5757:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5615:prolymphocyte
5612:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5587:
5584:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5524:Plasmacytosis
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5481:
5480:MALT lymphoma
5477:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5283:marginal zone
5280:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5136:
5133:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5123:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5090:
5083:
5078:
5076:
5071:
5069:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4998:Rhabdoviridae
4994:
4991:
4985:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4908:Herpesviridae
4904:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4856:Coronaviridae
4852:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4777:Rhabdoviridae
4773:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4703:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4681:Herpesviridae
4677:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4501:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4477:Rhabdoviridae
4473:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4459:Toscana virus
4457:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4412:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4371:Bourbon virus
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4211:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4161:Sindbis virus
4159:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3809:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3470:Parainfluenza
3468:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3306:EBV infection
3304:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3271:
3267:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Poliomyelitis
3160:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Vulvar cancer
2862:
2860:
2859:Penile cancer
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2472:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2047:Pseudoviridae
2043:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1960:Belpaoviridae
1956:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1797:Blubervirales
1793:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
979:
976:
971:
967:
962:
957:
953:
949:
944:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
912:
909:
904:
900:
895:
890:
886:
882:
878:
871:
868:
857:
853:
847:
844:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
803:
800:
795:
791:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
754:
752:
748:
742:
740:
738:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
696:Valproic acid
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
654:
652:
650:
646:
642:
641:
636:
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
568:
566:
564:
556:
554:
552:
548:
540:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
526:
524:
516:
512:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
497:
496:
493:
488:
480:
475:
473:
471:
463:
461:
459:
454:
448:
440:
435:
430:
428:
426:
414:
404:
398:
394:
390:
387:This section
385:
381:
376:
375:
369:
364:
361:
360:
359:
352:
350:
348:
343:
341:
337:
332:
331:IV drug users
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
307:
300:
298:
294:
290:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:viral synapse
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
236:
234:
232:
228:
224:
218:
216:
212:
208:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
171:
170:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
117:
114:
113:
110:
109:
105:
102:
101:
98:
97:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
6043:
5867:
5811:
5810:
5804:By infection
5685:
5684:
5666:
5627:
5613:
5591:development/
5519:Plasmacytoma
5473:
5461:
5447:
5418:
5406:
5400:By infection
5383:
5344:
5281:
5248:
5222:
5191:
5181:naive B cell
5179:
5140:development/
5028:
5019:Mokola virus
4996:
4958:
4943:
4930:Retroviridae
4928:
4916:
4906:
4854:
4822:
4775:
4716:
4689:
4679:
4612:Bunyavirales
4610:
4527:Arenaviridae
4525:
4475:
4427:Bunyavirales
4425:
4380:
4360:
4346:Langat virus
4280:Flaviviridae
4278:
4269:Bhanja virus
4226:Bunyavirales
4224:
4189:
4089:
4061:Yellow fever
4049:Dengue fever
3969:Flaviviridae
3967:
3912:Tahyna virus
3877:Bwamba Fever
3854:Bunyavirales
3852:
3763:
3756:
3732:
3725:Pancreatitis
3707:
3695:
3683:
3671:
3664:
3645:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3594:
3573:
3536:
3522:
3483:
3476:
3462:
3456:
3423:
3417:
3397:
3383:
3369:
3340:
3316:
3298:
3253:Pericarditis
3245:
3214:
3200:
3174:
3173:
3154:
3112:
3097:
3078:
3064:
3043:
3026:Encephalitis
2995:
2969:
2968:
2949:
2928:
2894:
2880:
2841:
2827:
2705:Vaccinivirus
2703:
2686:
2666:
2651:Solendovirus
2649:
2634:Ruflodivirus
2632:
2617:Rosadnavirus
2615:
2598:
2581:
2561:
2533:Caulimovirus
2531:
2496:
2485:
2437:
2420:
2400:
2383:
2366:
2355:
2290:
2265:Friend virus
2244:
2224:
2197:
2183:
2158:
2133:
2122:
2113:Retroviridae
2111:
2090:
2073:
2056:
2045:
2021:
2006:Errantivirus
2004:
1993:
1969:
1958:
1938:Ortervirales
1936:
1911:
1876:
1859:
1842:
1817:
1806:
1795:
1784:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1552:(1): 37–41.
1549:
1545:
1535:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1205:(9): e2418.
1202:
1198:
1188:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1112:
1108:
1040:
1036:
1030:
989:
985:
978:
925:
921:
911:
884:
880:
870:
859:. Retrieved
855:
846:
813:
809:
802:
767:
763:
729:
694:
658:
649:Tuberculosis
638:
632:
614:
579:
572:
560:
544:
520:
494:
490:
467:
450:
436:Malignancies
421:
411:January 2023
408:
388:
356:
353:Transmission
344:
328:
308:
304:
301:Epidemiology
295:
291:
283:
279:CD4+ T cells
247:retroviridae
241:HTLV-1 is a
240:
219:
203:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:
168:
167:
155:
144:Retroviridae
143:
132:Ortervirales
131:
119:
107:
96:Pararnavirae
95:
83:
76:
66:(unranked):
5686:aggressive:
5659:MF+variants
5198:Mantle cell
5193:mantle zone
4718:Filoviridae
4540:Lassa fever
4436:Adria virus
4134:Chikungunya
4091:Togaviridae
4021:Usutu virus
3943:Ngari virus
3867:Batai virus
3622:Coronavirus
3363:Common cold
3275:acute viral
3258:Myocarditis
3102:(probable)
2854:Anal cancer
2688:Tungrovirus
2583:Dioscovirus
2563:Cavemovirus
2211:(types 1-4)
2075:Pseudovirus
1995:Metaviridae
1971:Semotivirus
856:www.who.int
725:HIV testing
547:arthropathy
541:Arthropathy
340:New Orleans
253:. It has a
6090:Categories
5762:peripheral
5259:Follicular
5089:Leukaemias
5030:Poxviridae
4960:Poxviridae
4880:SARS-CoV-2
4382:Reoviridae
4260:Tete virus
4191:Reoviridae
4073:Zika fever
3922:Tete virus
3820:(A80–B34,
3749:Urogenital
3615:Astrovirus
3575:Adenovirus
3399:SARS-CoV-2
3156:Poliovirus
3031:meningitis
2733:Endogenous
2668:Soymovirus
2498:Badnavirus
2292:Lentivirus
861:2023-10-27
743:References
730:Allogenic
701:zidovudine
690:interferon
666:zidovudine
629:dermatitis
336:New Jersey
243:retrovirus
209:(ATL) and
195:retrovirus
5897:Lymphoid+
5667:indolent:
5650:Cutaneous
5491:Cutaneous
5269:GCB DLBCL
5264:Burkitt's
5093:lymphomas
5039:Monkeypox
3831:Arthropod
3660:RNA virus
3641:DNA virus
3633:Hepatitis
3608:Norovirus
3596:Rotavirus
3590:RNA virus
3569:DNA virus
3515:Esophagus
3443:Influenza
3329:RNA virus
3291:DNA virus
3060:RNA virus
3039:DNA virus
2945:RNA virus
2823:DNA virus
2815:Oncovirus
2600:Petuvirus
2092:Sirevirus
2058:Hemivirus
2023:Metavirus
1783:viruses (
1389:1349-7006
838:204883551
655:Treatment
625:pneumonia
525:include:
403:talk page
163:Species:
91:Kingdom:
84:Riboviria
6059:Q1280388
6053:Wikidata
6004:leukemia
5562:leukemia
5557:lymphoma
5116:leukemia
5111:lymphoma
4987:Multiple
4875:SARS-CoV
4865:MERS-CoV
4054:DENV-1-4
3842:Mosquito
3815:Zoonotic
3758:BK virus
3561:diarrhea
3405:COVID-19
3147:Myelitis
1715:20610824
1623:14399680
1615:14622599
1527:24275659
1483:17376384
1448:15722539
1407:22738276
1323:34879069
1272:25722199
1231:24086779
1180:23162541
1129:17376384
830:31648940
794:35195446
458:indolent
397:21114861
263:provirus
237:Virology
139:Family:
103:Phylum:
5992:General
5899:myeloid
5861:T or NK
5832:NK cell
5186:CLL/SLL
4989:vectors
4969:Tanapox
4918:B virus
4896:Primate
4415:Sandfly
4241:(CCHFV)
3822:042–079
3511:Pharynx
3015:Central
2205:, 3, 4)
1706:2901658
1666:5095354
1658:2871307
1574:9790144
1566:2862109
1519:2895748
1398:7659271
1350:2016683
1314:8654171
1222:3784485
1171:3498738
1154:: 388.
1065:6272125
1045:Bibcode
1022:4361348
1014:6275274
994:Bibcode
970:7031654
930:Bibcode
785:8941934
713:scabies
584:called
557:Uveitis
503:Spastic
370:Tropism
324:Vanuatu
310:and in
271:virions
225:at the
197:of the
193:, is a
151:Genus:
127:Order:
115:Class:
5836:(most
5812:HTLV-1
5704:Non-MF
5593:marker
5566:(most
5552:T cell
5224:CD11c+
5142:marker
5120:(most
5106:B cell
5007:Rabies
4949:HTLV-2
4944:HTLV-1
4898:-borne
4786:Rabies
4708:-borne
4517:-borne
4515:Rodent
4506:-borne
4504:Mammal
4438:(ADRV)
4417:-borne
4216:-borne
3844:-borne
3833:-borne
3175:HTLV-I
3120:Rabies
2970:HTLV-I
2746:ERVWE1
2741:ERV-Fc
2327:(EIAV)
2277:(KoRV)
2203:HTLV-2
2198:HTLV-1
1742:(MeSH)
1713:
1703:
1664:
1656:
1638:Lancet
1621:
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1073:262992
1071:
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1037:Nature
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1012:
986:Nature
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961:349062
958:
950:
903:301762
901:
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782:
719:, and
688:, and
662:R-CHOP
617:sepsis
509:Clonus
395:
322:, and
318:, the
312:Fujian
286:capsid
187:HTLV-I
6073:11908
5759:Other
5629:CD30+
5375:CD138
5346:CD20+
5240:CD79a
4747:ZEBOV
4651:THAIV
4139:CHIKV
3771:Mumps
3530:Mumps
3500:Human
2930:MCPyV
2333:(BIV)
2321:(PLV)
2315:(FIV)
2309:(SIV)
1777:Virus
1662:S2CID
1619:S2CID
1570:S2CID
1523:S2CID
1069:S2CID
1018:S2CID
952:11091
948:JSTOR
881:Blood
834:S2CID
668:with
610:IL-13
606:IL-10
594:TNF-α
590:IFN-γ
425:GLUT1
347:Inuit
231:serum
77:Realm
70:Virus
6068:NCBI
5838:CD56
5732:CD30
5711:CD30
5599:TdT+
5543:T/NK
5408:KSHV
5384:see
5371:CD38
5362:PCDs
5326:CD30
5322:CD15
5297:MALT
5209:CD22
5150:TdT+
5127:CD20
5122:CD19
5012:RABV
4813:CHPV
4801:DUVV
4796:MOKV
4791:ABLV
4764:RAVV
4759:MARV
4742:TAFV
4737:SUDV
4732:BDBV
4663:ANDV
4646:AMRV
4641:SEOV
4636:PUUV
4631:HTNV
4626:DOBV
4601:CHPV
4596:LUJV
4590:MACV
4579:SABV
4567:JUNV
4556:GTOV
4545:LASV
4395:CTFV
4350:LGTV
4339:AHFV
4335:KFDV
4325:OHFV
4310:POWV
4298:TBEV
4214:Tick
4150:ONNV
4128:VEEV
4118:WEEV
4108:EEEV
4078:ZIKV
4025:USUV
4015:SLEV
4004:KUNV
3999:MVEV
3957:RVFV
3947:NRIV
3937:BUNV
3916:TAHV
3906:LACV
3881:BWAV
3871:BATV
3485:hMPV
3357:OC43
3353:HKU1
3349:NL63
3345:229E
3003:AIDS
2882:KSHV
2751:HCP5
1711:PMID
1654:PMID
1611:PMID
1593:Cell
1562:PMID
1515:PMID
1479:PMID
1444:PMID
1403:PMID
1385:ISSN
1346:PMID
1319:PMID
1268:PMID
1227:PMID
1176:PMID
1125:PMID
1061:PMID
1010:PMID
966:PMID
899:PMID
826:PMID
790:PMID
608:and
602:IL-5
598:IL-4
592:and
523:HTLV
393:PMID
5869:EBV
5734:+:
5713:-:
5603:ALL
5578:CD8
5573:CD4
5568:CD3
5463:HIV
5449:HCV
5420:EBV
5324:+,
5171:CD5
5157:ALL
4843:NiV
4838:HeV
4806:LBV
4706:Bat
4668:SNV
4173:RRV
4066:YFV
4036:WNV
3987:JEV
3891:CEV
3765:MuV
3734:CBV
3709:HEV
3697:HDV
3685:HCV
3673:HAV
3666:CBV
3647:HBV
3524:MuV
3455:V,
3247:CBV
3216:HSV
3193:Eye
3080:LCV
3066:MeV
2997:HIV
2951:HCV
2896:EBV
2843:HPV
2829:HBV
2301:HIV
1701:PMC
1693:doi
1646:doi
1601:doi
1597:115
1554:doi
1507:doi
1471:doi
1434:doi
1393:PMC
1377:doi
1373:103
1309:PMC
1299:doi
1258:doi
1217:PMC
1207:doi
1166:PMC
1156:doi
1117:doi
1053:doi
1041:294
1002:doi
990:294
956:PMC
938:doi
889:doi
818:doi
780:PMC
772:doi
586:Th1
275:HIV
181:or
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