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716:
In 1921, a labor dispute over pay changes saw miners strike for several months, from 23 August through
November. During the strike–referred to by the Company as a "closure"–saw a large number of the mine's employees leaving Primero. In part, the fight over the wages pertained to whether those at
626:
An explosion at the
Primero mine killed 75 miners on 31 January 1910. The mine explosion has been cited as a relevant example of the unsafe conditions prevalent in CF&I mines in the years prior to the 1913-1914 Strike. On 8 November 1910, an explosion at the
603:. The closing of the steel works had an adverse effect on the demand for coal from the Primero mine, playing a role in the 1921 labor dispute between CF&I miners and the Company. During the duration of its operation, the mine produced 8,177,567 tons of coal.
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that was a part of the
Company's Industrial Representation Plan. Ultimate, Colorado's Industrial Commission sided with the company in prohibiting membership to the UMWA and enforcing CF&I's wages that were negotiated with the company union.
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was one of the first in the region, hence the name. In 1921, the mine employed roughly 275 miners. The town eventually came to contain 175 total buildings, including one
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against CF&I. Over the next several months, sporadic violence saw deaths, including
Primero. The violence escalated to 20 April 1914, when
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The coal produced at the
Primero mine was largely employed in steel manufacturing, including at the CF&I plants at
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Primero would be represented by their choice of the UMWA–membership of which was then prohibited by CF&I–or the
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The town was depopulated in 1928, and by 1 August 1933 all assets were either sold or dismantled.
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Miners in
Primero recover casualties from the 31 January 1910 explosion that killed 75 at the
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A post office called
Primero was established in 1901, and remained in operation until 1933.
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Place names in
Colorado: why 700 communities were so named, 150 of Spanish or Indian origin
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killed 76. Miners from
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1201:"The Industrial Commission Upholds Wage Agreement Between Company and Miners"
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against striking miners, leading to further violence in what is known as the
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1211:: Colorado Coal and Iron Company. November 14, 1921. p. 1
943:: Colorado Coal and Iron Company. November 14, 1921. p. 7
1308:
916:. Denver, CO: The J. Frank Dawson Publishing Co. p. 42.
705:. The town also contributed $ 34,900 ($ 550,000 in 2015) in
1024:: Colorado Coal and Iron Company. June 25, 1921. p. 12
1159:: Colorado Coal and Iron Company. June 25, 1921. p. 7
850:"Primero - Cultural Feature (Locale) in Las Animas County"
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1205:Colorado Fuel and Iron Company Industrial Bulletin
1153:Colorado Fuel and Iron Company Industrial Bulletin
1018:Colorado Fuel and Iron Company Industrial Bulletin
937:Colorado Fuel and Iron Company Industrial Bulletin
50:Catholic church in Primero built by CF&I, 1914
1313:Map of Colorado highlighting Las Animas County
971:"PRIMERO- COLORADO FUEL AND IRON'S MODEL TOWN"
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653:and company-supported militia committed the
21:Mining ghost town in Colorado, United States
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822:Seligman, Edwin R. A. (November 5, 1914).
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1068:Historical Gazetteer of the United States
664:Following the strike, CF&I–helmed by
16:Ghost town in Las Animas County, Colorado
1599:Geography of Las Animas County, Colorado
889:United States Department of the Interior
1065:Hellmann, Paul T. (February 14, 2006).
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824:"Colorado's Civil War and Its Lessons"
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1257:Municipalities and communities of
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885:United States Geological Survey
564:during the early 20th century.
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1178:Hatton, Blake; Specht, Abbie.
1126:Hatton, Blake; Specht, Abbie.
991:Hatton, Blake; Specht, Abbie.
969:Hatton, Blake; Specht, Abbie.
644:United Mine Workers of America
642:was called by the independent
562:Colorado Fuel and Iron Company
323:Baldwin–Felts Detective Agency
276:United Mine Workers of America
1:
1207:. Vol. VI, no. 5.
1155:. Vol. VI, no. 3.
1020:. Vol. VI, no. 3.
939:. Vol. VI, no. 5.
629:Victor-American Fuel Company
348:Victor-American Fuel Company
162:6,814 ft (2,077 m)
1260:Las Animas County, Colorado
677:William Lyon Mackenzie King
333:William Lyon Mackenzie King
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1071:. Routledge. p. 143.
1046:. Jim Forte Postal History
436:Sangre de Cristo Mountains
1604:Company towns in Colorado
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1180:"Primero and World War I"
694:17 children in the town.
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617:Colorado Fuel & Iron
520:"Ludlow Massacre" (song)
1594:Ghost towns in Colorado
666:John D. Rockefeller Jr.
651:Colorado National Guard
318:John D. Rockefeller Jr.
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703:United States military
659:Colorado Coalfield War
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550:. The community was a
514:We're Coming, Colorado
365:Stephen R. Fitzgarrald
313:Colorado Fuel and Iron
258:Colorado Coalfield War
109:37.14250°N 104.74167°W
1312:
1149:"Bishop Visits Mines"
830:. Accessible Archives
828:Frank Leslie's Weekly
638:In September 1913, a
614:
185: • Summer (
1572:United States portal
910:Dawson, John Frank.
852:. CO HomeTownLocator
790:United States portal
776:North America portal
597:Minnequa Steel Works
114:37.14250; -104.74167
1107:. November 15, 2015
993:"Protestant Church"
875:"Primero, Colorado"
375:Helen Ring Robinson
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1093:"Death at Delagua"
891:. October 13, 1978
711:Third Liberty Loan
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402:Patrick J. Hamrock
301:Mary Thomas O'Neal
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1128:"Catholic Church"
735:Segundo, Colorado
688:Diocese of Denver
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1215:February 20,
1213:. Retrieved
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291:Mother Jones
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1488:Ghost towns
1415:communities
1275:County seat
709:during the
699:World War I
586:high school
568:Description
558:mining town
296:Frank Hayes
281:Louis Tikas
112: /
100:104°44′30″W
1588:Categories
1478:Villegreen
1350:Starkville
1105:Las Animas
748:References
584:church, a
582:Protestant
536:ghost town
476:Cañon City
451:Walsenburg
424:10-Day War
392:John Chase
354:Government
216:feature ID
153:Las Animas
97:37°08′33″N
37:ghost town
1468:Trinchera
1014:"Primero"
933:"Primero"
692:confirmed
430:Locations
262:1913–1914
202:ZIP codes
168:Time zone
159:Elevation
1516:Brodhead
1458:Thatcher
1428:Boncarbo
1340:Cokedale
1300:Trinidad
1282:Trinidad
1101:Huerfano
729:See also
631:mine at
580:and one
578:Catholic
560:for the
544:Colorado
456:Trinidad
271:Strikers
141:Colorado
1541:Primero
1521:Delagua
1506:Beshoar
1501:Berwind
1443:Gulnare
1388:Segundo
1368:El Moro
1335:Branson
1330:Aguilar
1050:July 8,
697:During
633:Delagua
607:History
601:Segundo
552:company
532:Primero
496:Berwind
491:Primero
481:Segundo
471:La Veta
466:Delagua
461:Aguilar
338:Ivy Lee
307:Company
126:Country
75:Primero
35:Mining
28:Primero
1551:Tercio
1546:Sopris
1536:Morley
1531:Madrid
1526:Ludlow
1496:Abeyta
1473:Tyrone
1463:Torres
1423:Barela
1403:Weston
1398:Valdez
1378:Jansen
1373:Hoehne
1209:Denver
1157:Denver
1075:
1022:Denver
941:Denver
681:Bishop
674:Canada
640:strike
593:Pueblo
486:Pueblo
446:Ludlow
413:Events
219:194641
207:81233
148:County
1511:Bowen
1453:Rugby
1448:Model
1433:Delhi
1322:Towns
647:union
599:–and
595:–the
534:is a
196:(MDT)
194:UTC-6
173:UTC-7
136:State
1438:Earl
1383:Lynn
1360:CDPs
1292:City
1217:2020
1187:2020
1165:2020
1135:2020
1113:2020
1073:ISBN
1052:2016
1030:2020
1000:2020
978:2020
949:2020
897:2020
858:2020
836:2020
619:mine
572:The
555:coal
214:GNIS
1345:Kim
672:of
538:in
187:DST
1590::
1278::
1263:,
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1151:.
1103:,
1099:.
1095:.
1016:.
957:^
935:.
922:^
887:,
883:.
877:.
866:^
826:.
814:^
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661:.
546:,
542:,
1250:e
1243:t
1236:v
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1032:.
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899:.
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248:e
241:t
234:v
189:)
179:)
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