1956:
2034:
2007:
53:
1995:
1019:
110:
445:
236:
1983:
2019:
884:
847:
in 1866. By investing their earnings from the postal business - later also the settlements for the postal rights - in numerous landed estates, a large number of forests and farms as well as castles were added to the family property, especially from secularized church property, among them
685:
commissioned genealogists to "clarify" their origin, who until then had only been considered a family descending from medieval knights who had become merchants. They now claimed, albeit without documentary evidence, that they descended from the famous
Italian noble family
1732:(The princely House of Thurn und Taxis), publisher Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1981, p. 35. According to Piendl, since 1957 archivist and librarian of the House of Thurn und Taxis in Regensburg, however, only the descent of the Austrian
868:. The buildings of these monasteries were mostly re-donated to the church in the 20th century, but the lands continue to be cultivated by the princely administration. Besides the St Emmeram's Palace the current prince still owns
838:
of the Holy Roman Empire, between 1806 and 1867. Their postal service was gradually lost over the centuries, with the
Spanish network being bought by the crown in the 18th century and the German post being purchased by
642:. Johann Baptista was briefly succeeded by his eldest son, Franz II von Taxis (1514-1543), after whose untimely death the family split into two further branches. The youngest son, Leonhard I von Taxis, succeeded as
714:= Badger). The tower of the Torriani was added to the badger as a coat of arms. They formally adopted the German form of their name in 1650, including the comital Innsbruck line, which also exists to this day.
970:
von Thurn und Taxis, Prince of Buchau and Prince of
Krotoszyn, Duke of WĂśrth and Donaustauf, Princely Count of Friedberg-Scheer, Count of Valle-SĂĄssina, Marchtal, Neresheim etc., Hereditary Postmaster General.
2132:
1922:
690:, or Torriani, who had ruled in Milan and Lombardy until 1311. She then applied to the emperor for a name change. With the Germanization, the coat of arms symbol of the Milanese family, the tower
2158:
126:
784:, where the parliament was seated, in 1748. The position became hereditary in the family who lived in different houses there, but the company headquarters remained in Frankfurt. When
2193:
1165:
2153:
646:
and is the ancestor of the princely Thurn and Taxis family. Johann
Baptista's second-eldest son, Raymond de Tassis (1515-1579), took over the office of postmaster-general to the
2033:
1117:
722:
2163:
788:
in
Regensburg was secularized in 1803, the monastery buildings were donated to the princes of Thurn and Taxis, who had them converted into a residence, henceforth known as
1944:
1133:
773:
1240:
1173:
591:
to captain of his post in 1502. Owing to a payment dispute with Philip, Francisco opened his post to public use in 1506. In 1512 the family was ennobled by
Emperor
1157:
1149:
1508:
1275:
939:
1614:
1207:
1189:
1125:
1356:
1141:
1074:
938:. Today Duino Castle belongs to his grandson, Prince Carlo della Torre e Tasso, Duca di Castel Duino (b. 1952). The Duino branch is part of the family's
800:
677:, and in 1642 the Innsbruck line as well (which descends from Gabriel de Tassis, d. 1529). When the Brussels line was raised to the hereditary status of
1101:
667:
655:
1402:
1215:
979:
1937:
1799:
1223:
1030:
170:
1377:
1181:
922:
2097:
1917:
1336:
975:
1660:
1406:
1036:
983:
2188:
1349:
2183:
1930:
1853:
1832:
1197:
954:
750:
96:
74:
592:
824:
769:
251:
235:
1041:
2173:
1094:
1046:
761:
738:
627:
1447:
161:
in 1806, and became well known as the owner of breweries and commissioner of several castles. The family has resided in
35:
1913:
1064:
1531:
1479:
869:
2178:
1308:
1069:
185:
1611:
2168:
1960:
1485:
1087:
631:
201:
139:
67:
61:
888:
785:
681:
in 1624, they needed illustrious lineage to legitimize their intended further ascension to the high nobility.
2068:
581:
1807:
1536:
844:
835:
765:
639:
546:
466:
462:
78:
1987:
1708:
1401:
The Thurn and Taxis family came to massive media attention during the late 1970s through mid-1980s when
682:
2093:
2048:
2011:
1598:
1542:
1525:
1434:
1410:
1340:
831:
726:
608:
383:
31:
1796:
1750:
1417:" lifestyle and Princess Gloria's over-the-top appearance (characterized by bright hair colours and
2023:
1999:
1806:(also referred to as "Princess TNT, the dynamite socialite") according to the June 2006 edition of
1459:
1018:
718:
663:
586:
577:
543:
283:
109:
2118:
2105:
899:
840:
524:
438:
387:
197:
166:
17:
1903:
169:
from 1803. The family is one of the wealthiest in
Germany, and the current head of the House is
2114:
2101:
1964:
1955:
1849:
1828:
1519:
1513:
816:
742:
620:
612:
566:
488:
326:
255:
177:
158:
1683:
1641:
1572:
1452:
1313:
987:
651:
604:
600:
504:
356:
571:
2110:
2085:
2063:
2058:
1803:
1618:
963:
883:
857:
808:
734:
565:
around 1480. Upon his success, Ruggiero was knighted and made a gentleman of the
Chamber.
404:
144:
1547:
812:
2089:
1972:
1494:
1439:
986:. The family is one of the wealthiest in Germany. The family's brewery was sold to the
947:
877:
853:
647:
512:
370:
312:
181:
39:
1680:
Urban
Regimes and Strategies: Building Europe's Central Executive District in Brussels
2147:
1760:
1498:
features a character named "The
Baroness von Thurn und Taxis," played by Ilka Urbach.
904:
917:
849:
804:
659:
528:
516:
484:
189:
1909:
1638:
Prefilatelia de Murcia: Historia Postal del Reino de Murcia desde 1569 hasta 1861
1898:
1470:
1419:
861:
827:
for 20 years, but their main source of income remained the Imperial Reichspost.
687:
532:
2053:
1474:
892:
781:
508:
329:
265:
193:
162:
913:
873:
757:
554:
297:
149:
30:
This article is about the German noble family. For the postal system, see
967:
596:
562:
496:
476:
132:
1414:
943:
930:. Her son Prince Alexander (1881â1937) became an Italian citizen named
492:
480:
780:(Lord Chancellor) of the Imperial Diet in 1743. He therefore moved to
1322:
Prince Karl Ferdinand (born 1952), three sons without dynastic rights
991:
927:
558:
550:
472:
1846:
Das FĂźrstliche Haus Thurn und Taxis, 300 Jahre Geschichte in Bildern
576:
was appointed Chief Master of Postal Services at Innsbruck in 1489.
882:
741:, although at that time no territorial possessions existed in the
678:
674:
670:, a celebrated poet who died in mysterious circumstances in 1622.
500:
108:
1887:
673:
In 1608 the Brussels line was raised to the status of hereditary
1825:
Thurn und Taxis, Die Geschichte ihrer Post und ihrer Unternehmen
1601:. Utgiver Americana Corporation, 1958. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
616:
400:
343:
154:
1926:
1644:". Editora Regional de Murcia, 2006. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
1432:
The mail monopoly of Thurn and Taxis is central to the plot of
1711:, "The Play's the Thing': Clues to a Murder in Villamediana's
960:
Until 1919, the titles of the head of the princely house were
46:
1469:
Thurn und Taxis are also mentioned in several volumes of the
487:
around 1200, before they fled to the more distant village of
1906:â link to the postage stamps Thurn und Taxis issued, 1852â67
1749:, p. 10. Publisher: Habbel Verlag, Regensburg 1898, online:
1595:
The Encyclopedia Americana: The International Reference Work
519:
organized 32 of his relatives into the Company of Couriers (
1492:
The credits for Season 3, Episode 4 of the television show
1893:
1874:
Loucen a Thurn Taxisove. Pohledy do doby minule i nedavne.
535:
were so comparatively efficient that they became known as
549:
in 1443. He organized a post system between Bergamo and
157:
in Europe during the 16th century, until the end of the
994:
in 1996, but it still produces beer under the brand of
1166:
Maximilian Anton, Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis
611:
to the Spanish court. The normal route passed through
1785:
Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fßrstliche Häuser.
666:. The Spanish line of the family became extinct with
1423:
clothes) earned her the nickname of "Princess TNT".
974:
The current head of the house of Thurn and Taxis is
723:
Eugen Alexander Franz, 1st Prince of Thurn and Taxis
702:) and was placed in front of the actual family name
483:. The earliest records place them in Almenno in the
2041:
1971:
864:Abbey, and others. In 1803 they were summarized as
823:. Only then did the Thurn und Taxis rule their own
397:
380:
367:
353:
340:
323:
308:
293:
279:
271:
261:
247:
214:
1839:Quellen zur Geschichte des europäischen Postwesens
1339:(1881â1937), 1st Principe della Torre e Tasso and
908:while visiting Princess Marie of Thurn and Taxis (
774:Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis
531:. The recipient of royal and papal patronage, his
1747:Das fĂźrstliche Haus Thurn und Taxis in Regensburg
1343:1923â1937 (some heirs are without dynastic rights
796:. It has remained their family seat to this day.
542:Ruggiero de Tassis was named to the court of the
764:; their new family seat built from 1731 was the
2159:1806 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1775:. BĂźchergilde Gutenberg, Frankfurt am Main 1996
729:(acquired in 1670) as his titular principality
114:
1575:. Pagliarini, 1785. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
1455:and Karen Seyfarth, is inspired by the family.
934:and was raised in 1923 by the Italian king to
887:Small section of the extensive family seat at
717:In 1681 the Brussels line was elevated to the
2194:States and territories disestablished in 1806
1938:
1761:Website Schloss Thurn und Taxis in Regensburg
1663:. (Brabant), 1981. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
1244:(1935â2020), two sons without dynastic rights
1095:
595:. By 1516, Francisco had moved the family to
471:The Tasso family (from the Italian word for "
8:
2154:1608 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1509:Czech branch of the House of Thurn and Taxis
1407:Countess Mariae Gloria of SchĂśnburg-Glauchau
916:, wife of Prince Alexander) at her family's
650:and settled in Spain. Raymond married into
626:At the death of Francisco in 1517, Emperor
2164:States and territories established in 1608
1945:
1931:
1923:
1894:Thurn & Taxis post and telecom history
1466:is the head of the Thurn und Taxis family.
1102:
1088:
1005:
942:that in the early 19th century settled in
807:county of Friedberg with the lordships of
801:Karl Anselm, 4th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
211:
1910:Newspaper clippings about Thurn und Taxis
1773:Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder
1674:
1672:
976:Albert II, 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
668:Juan de Tassis, 2nd Count of Villamediana
97:Learn how and when to remove this message
1860:Die Anfänge des Postwesens und die Taxis
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
953:Several members of the family have been
920:. Rilke later dedicated his only novel (
60:This article includes a list of general
1904:Old German States Stamps Altdeutschland
1612:Il Borgo di Camerata Cornello dei Tasso
1560:
1055:
1037:The Dowager Princess of Thurn and Taxis
1008:
475:", the family's heraldic animal) was a
1632:
1630:
1227:, 12th Prince 1990âpresent (born 1983)
623:was available in times of hostility.
171:Albert, 12th Prince of Thurn and Taxis
38:. For the New York fashion house, see
1682:(University of Chicago Press, 1996),
1301:Prince Johann von Nepomuk (1908â1959)
923:The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge
396:
379:
366:
352:
339:
322:
307:
292:
288:
138:
7:
1730:Das fĂźrstliche Haus Thurn und Taxis.
1272:Prince Maximilian Joseph (1769â1831)
1219:, 11th Prince 1982â1990 (1926â1990)
1211:, 10th Prince 1971â1982 (1898â1982)
698:(an older German spelling, nowadays
603:, where they became instrumental to
1899:Pedigrees of Thurn und Taxis family
1844:Martin Dallmeier and Martha Schad,
1787:Band XV, Limburg/Lahn 1997, S. 474.
1291:Prince Alexander Johann (1851â1939)
1255:Prince Albert Friedrich (1930â2021)
1193:, 9th Prince 1952â1971 (1893â1971)
1185:, 8th Prince 1885â1952 (1867â1952)
1161:, 6th Prince 1827â1871 (1802â1871)
1153:, 5th Prince 1805â1827 (1770â1827)
1145:, 4th Prince 1773â1805 (1733â1805)
1137:, 3rd Prince 1739â1773 (1704â1773)
1129:, 2nd Prince 1714â1739 (1681â1739)
1121:, 1st Prince 1695â1714 (1652â1714)
819:, which from 1787 was known as the
615:, but a secondary route across the
1736:from the Torriani is beyond doubt.
1413:noble family. The couple's wild, "
1409:, a member of an impoverished but
1286:Prince Hugo Maximilian (1817â1889)
1177:, 7th Prince 1871â1885 (1862â1885)
731:(PrincipautĂŠ de la Tour et Tassis)
66:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1235:Prince Raphael Rainer (1906â1993)
122:Princely House of Thurn and Taxis
18:Princely House of Thurn and Taxis
2032:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1954:
1296:Prince Erich Lamoral (1876â1952)
1250:Prince Philipp Ernst (1908â1964)
1017:
443:
234:
51:
926:) to the princess, who was his
866:Imperial Principality of Buchau
815:and Bussen from the princes of
511:) families. Around 1290, after
1888:Thurn und Taxis family website
1734:Counts of Thurn and Valsassina
1281:Prince Karl Anselm (1792â1844)
710:(an older German spelling for
355:⢠Granted princely rank (
165:since 1748 with their seat at
1:
1621:". Retrieved 3 October 2013.
1328:Prince Maximilian (born 1955)
1031:The Prince of Thurn and Taxis
762:War of the Spanish Succession
733:, and in 1695 to the rank of
630:appointed Francisco's nephew
561:around 1460; and Vienna with
153:. It was a key player in the
1717:Bulletin of Hispanic Studies
932:Principe della Torre e Tasso
140:[ËtuËÉĚŻnĘĘntËtaksÉŞs]
36:Thurn and Taxis (board game)
1914:20th Century Press Archives
1869:, Freiburg im Breisgau 1889
1686:. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
1636:LĂłpez Jurado, Luis Felipe.
872:and Garatshausen Castle at
756:The Brussels line moved to
747:Imperial Council of Princes
580:elevated Janetto's brother
180:for their former Sovereign
2210:
1480:1635: The Dreeson Incident
1276:Czech branch of the family
1002:Princes of Thurn and Taxis
870:Taxis Castle (Trugenhofen)
825:principality of the empire
821:County of Friedberg-Scheer
491:to escape feuding between
460:
220:Grafschaft Thurn und Taxis
115:Princes of Thurn and Taxis
34:. For the board game, see
29:
2189:Postal history of Germany
2098:Lower RhenishâWestphalian
2082:
2030:
1867:Johann Baptista von Taxis
1569:La vita di Torquato Tasso
1464:Elegy for Angels and Dogs
737:at the behest of Emperor
632:Johann Baptista von Taxis
418:
414:
289:
231:
226:
216:County of Thurn and Taxis
2184:Electoral Rhenish Circle
1961:Electoral Rhenish Circle
1532:Order of Parfaite AmitiĂŠ
1486:1636: The Saxon Uprising
1075:The Duke of Castel Duino
830:The family operated the
792:, sometimes also called
523:) and linked Milan with
202:Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
2133:Unencircled territories
1827:, MĂźnchen, ZĂźrich 1990
1802:26 October 2007 at the
1042:Princess Maria Theresia
790:Schloss Thurn and Taxis
760:in 1703 because of the
607:rule, linking the rich
515:had conquered Bergamo,
81:more precise citations.
1567:Serassi, Pierantonio.
1537:Palais Thurn und Taxis
896:
845:Free City of Frankfurt
843:after the fall of the
778:Principal Commissioner
766:Palais Thurn und Taxis
721:' rank of prince with
640:Kaiserliche Reichspost
547:Frederick the Peaceful
521:Compagnia dei Corrieri
479:family in the area of
467:Kaiserliche Reichspost
463:Compagnia dei Corrieri
186:Kingdom of WĂźrttemberg
184:, later mediatised to
131:
117:
1709:Frederick A. de Armas
1657:Le Folklore Brabancon
1526:Dukes of Castel Duino
886:
786:Saint Emmeram's Abbey
683:Alexandrine von Taxis
660:Count of Villamediana
654:, and his eldest son
582:Francesco I de Tassis
190:Buchau Princely Abbey
112:
2174:Postal organizations
1823:Wolfgang Behringer,
1695:Wolfgang Behringer:
1610:Turismo Lombardia. "
1543:Thurn-und-Taxis Post
1435:The Crying of Lot 49
1341:Duke of Castel Duino
936:Duke of Castel Duino
832:Thurn-und-Taxis Post
794:Saint Emmeram Palace
753:took place in 1704.
609:Habsburg Netherlands
176:They are one of the
147:that is part of the
113:Coat of arms of the
32:Thurn-und-Taxis Post
2109:Circles est. 1512:
2084:Circles est. 1500:
1963:(1512â1806) of the
1848:, Regensburg 1996,
1713:La Gloria de Niquea
1678:Papadopoulos, A.G.
1528:(an Italian branch)
1460:Walter Jon Williams
1458:The protagonist of
1134:Alexander Ferdinand
889:St Emmeram's Palace
836:Imperial Reichspost
834:, successor to the
745:. Admission to the
719:Spanish Netherlands
539:throughout Italy.
284:Early modern period
27:German noble family
2130:
2126:
1876:Obec Loucen, 1998.
1837:Martin Dallmeier,
1719:78 (2001): 439-54.
1617:2013-10-04 at the
1378:Princess Margarete
1241:Prince Max Emanuel
1047:Princess Elisabeth
900:Rainer Maria Rilke
897:
860:, Ennetach Abbey,
706:, translated with
644:Generalpostmeister
636:Generalpostmeister
578:Philip of Burgundy
439:Kingdom of Bavaria
325:⢠Hereditary
198:Kingdom of Bavaria
167:St. Emmeram Castle
118:
2139:
2138:
2123:Electoral Rhenish
2042:Other territories
1965:Holy Roman Empire
1872:Marecek, Zdenek,
1642:La Familia Tassis
1520:Donaustauf Palace
1514:Donaustauf Castle
1477:and others, e.g.
1370:Prince Alessandro
1274:, founder of the
1216:Johannes Baptista
1112:
1111:
743:Holy Roman Empire
727:Braine-le-Château
567:Janetto von Taxis
459:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
342:⢠Raised to
310:⢠Raised to
295:⢠Raised to
256:Holy Roman Empire
182:Imperial counties
178:mediatised Houses
159:Holy Roman Empire
143:) is a family of
107:
106:
99:
16:(Redirected from
2201:
2179:Knights of Malta
2131:
2127:
2059:Nassau-Beilstein
2036:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2010:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1959:
1958:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1890:
1811:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1771:Gerhard KĂśbler:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1743:
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1720:
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1700:
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1666:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1634:
1625:
1624:
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1602:
1592:
1579:
1578:
1565:
1548:Tour & Taxis
1453:Andreas Seyfarth
1337:Prince Alexander
1314:heir presumptive
1309:Prince Friedrich
1174:Maximilian Maria
1104:
1097:
1090:
1070:Prince Friedrich
1065:Princess Christa
1021:
1006:
955:Knights of Malta
652:Spanish nobility
601:Duchy of Brabant
590:
575:
447:
446:
435:
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419:
313:Reichsfreiherren
238:
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95:
91:
88:
82:
77:this article by
68:inline citations
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2074:Thurn and Taxis
2064:Nieder-Isenburg
2037:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1967:
1953:
1951:
1886:
1883:
1865:Joseph RĂźbsam,
1841:, KallmĂźnz 1977
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1804:Wayback Machine
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1448:Thurn and Taxis
1445:The board game
1429:
1427:Popular culture
1403:Prince Johannes
1399:
1350:Prince Raimundo
1158:Maximilian Karl
1118:Eugen Alexander
1108:
1079:
1056:Extended family
1051:
1011:Thurn und Taxis
1004:
996:Thurn und Taxis
964:Serene Highness
858:Neresheim Abbey
803:, acquired the
735:imperial prince
634:(1470-1541) as
584:
569:
469:
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390:
373:
371:Princely county
360:
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155:postal services
145:German nobility
135:Thurn und Taxis
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73:Please help to
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1901:
1896:
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1881:External links
1879:
1878:
1877:
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1862:, Leipzig 1909
1858:Fritz Ohmann,
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1777:
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1495:The Good Place
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982:and his wife,
948:Czech Republic
878:Lake Starnberg
854:Marchtal Abbey
656:Juan de Tassis
648:Crown of Spain
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2015:
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33:
19:
2141:
2122:
2073:
1873:
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1845:
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1824:
1797:Princess TNT
1792:
1784:
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1772:
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1756:
1746:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1728:Max Piendl:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1691:
1679:
1656:
1652:
1646:(in Spanish)
1637:
1623:(in Italian)
1606:
1594:
1577:(in Italian)
1568:
1563:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1463:
1446:
1433:
1418:
1400:
1376:
1369:
1364:
1357:Prince Carlo
1355:
1348:
1335:
1325:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1271:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1234:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1196:
1190:Franz Joseph
1188:
1180:
1172:
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1156:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1126:Anselm Franz
1124:
1116:
1029:
1010:
995:
973:
961:
959:
952:
940:Czech branch
935:
931:
921:
918:Duino Castle
912:Princess of
909:
903:
898:
865:
850:Buchau Abbey
829:
820:
813:DĂźrmentingen
798:
793:
789:
777:
755:
746:
730:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
672:
658:was created
643:
635:
625:
593:Maximilian I
541:
536:
520:
517:Omodeo Tasso
485:Val Brembana
470:
426:Succeeded by
425:
405:nationalised
311:
296:
275:Principality
241:Coat of arms
219:
175:
148:
121:
119:
93:
84:
65:
44:
2119:Upper Saxon
1973:Electorates
1808:Vanity Fair
1665:(in French)
1597:, Vol. 25,
1539:(Frankfurt)
1471:163x series
1420:avant-garde
1208:Karl August
1200:(1922â1942)
1168:(1831â1867)
1142:Karl Anselm
770:Charles VII
688:Della Torre
664:Phillip III
662:in 1603 by
585: [
570: [
537:bergamaschi
533:post riders
133:FĂźrstenhaus
79:introducing
2148:Categories
2115:Burgundian
2102:Franconian
2054:Gelnhausen
2012:Palatinate
1810:Magazine).
1555:References
1550:(Brussels)
1475:Eric Flint
1411:mediatized
902:wrote his
893:Regensburg
782:Regensburg
772:appointed
768:. Emperor
509:Ghibelline
461:See also:
384:Mediatised
330:Postmaster
272:Government
266:Regensburg
194:Bad Buchau
163:Regensburg
62:references
1522:(Bavaria)
1516:(Bavaria)
1224:Albert II
1009:House of
978:, son of
946:(now the
928:patroness
914:Hohenlohe
895:, Germany
874:Feldafing
799:In 1786,
758:Frankfurt
739:Leopold I
694:, became
628:Charles V
555:Innsbruck
403:monopoly
298:Briefadel
227:1608â1806
150:Briefadel
127:âšSee Tfdâş
87:June 2008
2111:Austrian
2086:Bavarian
2069:Rheineck
1800:Archived
1615:Archived
1573:pp. 4 ff
1503:See also
1405:married
1182:Albert I
980:Johannes
817:Waldburg
605:Habsburg
597:Brussels
563:Brussels
497:Colleoni
489:Cornello
332:General
327:Imperial
130:German:
2090:Swabian
2049:Koblenz
1988:Cologne
1916:of the
1912:in the
1818:Sources
1415:jet set
944:Bohemia
862:Siessen
841:Prussia
749:in the
725:, with
692:(Torre)
638:of the
599:in the
544:Emperor
493:Bergamo
481:Bergamo
477:Lombard
399:â˘
388:Bavaria
382:â˘
369:â˘
262:Capital
254:of the
208:History
75:improve
1852:
1831:
1661:p. 372
1599:p. 476
992:Munich
984:Gloria
809:Scheer
679:counts
675:barons
613:France
559:Styria
551:Vienna
525:Venice
505:Suardi
503:) and
473:badger
401:Postal
344:County
248:Status
192:, now
64:, but
2024:Trier
2000:Mainz
1684:p. 41
1451:, by
968:FĂźrst
712:Dachs
708:Taxis
704:Tasso
696:Thurn
621:Genoa
589:]
574:]
513:Milan
501:Guelf
252:State
1850:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1483:and
966:the
962:His
950:).
700:Turm
617:Alps
529:Rome
527:and
465:and
410:1867
393:1806
376:1695
363:1681
349:1624
336:1615
319:1608
304:1512
200:and
120:The
1918:ZBW
1715:,"
1473:by
1462:'s
1438:by
1326:(3)
1320:(2)
1306:(1)
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910:nĂŠe
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876:on
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1932:v
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