233:
upon the parties that may either hasten or (more frequently) slow down the pace of proceedings. Furthermore, a party who is unfamiliar with procedural rules may run afoul of guidelines that have nothing to do with the merits of the case, and yet the failure to follow these guidelines may severely damage the party's chances. Procedural systems are constantly torn between arguments that judges should have greater discretion in order to avoid the rigidity of the rules, and arguments that judges should have less discretion in order to avoid an outcome based more on the personal preferences of the judge than on the law or the facts.
25:
1813:
1827:
232:
The standardization for the means by which cases are brought, parties are informed, evidence is presented, and facts are determined is intended to maximize the fairness of any proceeding. Nevertheless, strict procedural rules have certain drawbacks. For example, they impose specific time limitations
386:
Even the scientific handling of law, which developed during medieval times in the new universities in Italy (in particular in
Bologna, Mantua), did not come to a full and clear separation. The English system of "writs" in the Middle Ages had a similar problem to the Roman tradition with the
378:
in the end has created claims. I.e. a procedural act caused substantive claims to exist. Such priority (procedure over substance) is contrary to what we think of the relationship nowadays. But it has not only been an issue of priority and whether the one serves the other. Since the
244:, criminal cases are given priority over civil cases, because criminal defendants stand to lose their freedom, and should therefore be accorded the first opportunity to have their case heard.
324:
is used for procedural. In
Chinese, "procedural law" and "substantive law" are represented by these characters: "程序法" and "实体法". In Germany, the expressions
348:
had been of great influence. In ancient times the Roman civil procedure applied to many countries. One of the main issues of the procedure has been the
1794:
205:
aim to resolve many kinds of legal disputes, the legal procedures share some common features. All legal procedure, for example, is concerned with
236:
Legal procedure, in a larger sense, is also designed to effect the best distribution of judicial resources. For example, in most courts of
46:
421:, narrowing the idea behind it to "law of litigation" (thereby excluding e.g. the law of other procedures and the law on competences).
142:
whose validity is tested through the procedures of procedural law, is different from procedural law. In the context of procedural law,
561:
1220:
778:
677:
68:
178:, although different jurisdictions have various exceptions), with those rights encompassing general civil and political rights. In
1334:
1203:
189:
on "Access to
Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters" known as the
1789:
1136:
1037:
405:(§ 194 of BGB) - meaning "claim" - has been "cleared" from procedural elements. And this was the time for "founding" the terms
1296:
930:
147:
649:
261:" is a concept available in various legal systems and languages. Similar to the English expressions are the Spanish words
1456:
935:
1451:
39:
33:
1426:
925:
397:
167:
520:
1509:
113:
50:
1867:
1304:
1286:
171:
955:
1679:
1466:
940:
622:
495:
229:
being brought against them, or who has not received a fair opportunity to present evidence for themselves.
1734:
1719:
214:
1838:
1431:
1109:
920:
383:
had been composed of elements of procedure and substance it was difficult to separate both parts again.
175:
1559:
905:
237:
163:
1714:
854:
771:
121:
1529:
1188:
1042:
1027:
1005:
749:
729:
682:
672:
445:
435:
317:
109:
1514:
1436:
1274:
1017:
1012:
965:
890:
884:
724:
642:
190:
179:
1519:
1486:
985:
849:
844:
809:
155:
1768:
1741:
1729:
1709:
1643:
1638:
1621:
1601:
1596:
1576:
1441:
1421:
1416:
1319:
1279:
990:
915:
839:
824:
744:
598:
God Save This
Honorable Court: How the Choice of Supreme Court Justices Shapes Our History
430:
258:
139:
131:
101:
591:
Politics, Democracy and the
Supreme Court: Essays on the Future of Constitutional Theory
1845:
1653:
1571:
1160:
1126:
1077:
1062:
834:
719:
709:
1861:
1699:
1658:
1544:
1524:
1496:
1446:
1411:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1324:
1264:
1104:
1094:
1052:
975:
970:
900:
859:
783:
550:
Begriffs- und
Problemgeschichte des Verhältnisses von formellem und materiellem Recht
440:
360:
included both procedural and substantive elements. Because during this procedure the
241:
202:
135:
1831:
1581:
1549:
1504:
1242:
1237:
1208:
1121:
1099:
1067:
1000:
980:
874:
814:
804:
756:
714:
692:
635:
410:
218:
470:
1812:
1753:
1694:
1684:
1481:
1476:
1314:
1215:
1131:
1090:
1057:
1022:
945:
869:
819:
734:
584:
Thurgood
Marshall: His Speeches, Writings, Arguments, Opinions and Reminiscences
332:
were developed in the 19th century, because only during that time was the Roman
206:
117:
1817:
1746:
1626:
1564:
1309:
1230:
1225:
1183:
1165:
1153:
1114:
960:
950:
910:
895:
879:
829:
766:
761:
125:
1724:
1689:
1631:
1606:
1471:
1368:
1356:
1341:
1329:
1257:
1175:
1148:
1032:
450:
366:
had granted, or denied, litigation by granting or denying, respectively, an
345:
417:
was found to be "contaminated" and to a broad extent has been replaced by
1773:
1758:
1461:
1346:
1143:
687:
116:. The rules are designed to ensure a fair and consistent application of
1663:
1611:
1591:
1539:
1351:
1269:
1085:
1047:
995:
362:
308:
The same opposition can be found in the
Russian legal vocabulary, with
226:
151:
105:
1763:
1616:
1361:
1252:
1247:
1193:
864:
222:
186:
159:
305:; all of which, taken literally, mean "formal" and "material" law.
1704:
1648:
1554:
1395:
1198:
697:
496:"Current Rules of Practice & Procedure | United States Courts"
210:
183:
97:
1586:
1534:
1390:
788:
704:
631:
401:(BGB) which came into force on January 1, 1900. The expression
658:
395:
definitely was brought to an end with the codification of the
18:
521:"LacusCurtius • Roman Law — Actio (Smith's Dictionary, 1875)"
352:(similar to the English word "act"). In the procedure of the
391:. In Germany, the unity of procedure and substance in the
182:, these procedural rights have been reflected within the
253:
Procedural law and substantive law in various languages
627:
610:
340:
Substance of procedural law/substantive law in Europe
1782:
1672:
1495:
1404:
1295:
1174:
1076:
797:
665:
611:Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for Procedural Law
336:split into procedural and substantive components.
128:countries) to all cases that come before a court.
174:(meaning the prosecution regularly must meet the
281:. Other ideas are behind the German expressions
643:
320:"материално право" means substantive law and
221:— against an individual who has not received
8:
273:, as well as the Portuguese terms for them,
650:
636:
628:
552:, edition: Duncker & Humblot, Berlin,
16:Sum of the legal norms in court procedures
572:. Birmingham, AL: Legal Classics Library.
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1795:History of the American legal profession
32:This article includes a list of general
579:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
462:
316:for procedural. Similar to Russian, in
88:, in some jurisdictions referred to as
100:hears and determines what happens in
7:
209:. Absent very special conditions, a
565:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
146:may also refer not exhaustively to
577:An Introduction to Legal Reasoning
562:The Nature of the Judicial Process
344:In the European legal systems the
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
779:Restitution and unjust enrichment
475:LII / Legal Information Institute
299:diritto formale/diritto materiale
257:"Procedural law" in contrast to "
96:, comprises the rules by which a
1826:
1825:
1811:
607:. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing.
593:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
23:
1790:History of the legal profession
586:. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books.
554:Schriften zur Rechtsgeschichte
1:
605:The Legal System in Operation
559:Cardozo, Benjamin N. (1998).
407:formelles / materielles Recht
248:European history and concepts
134:, which refers to the actual
170:, as well as the basic
603:Zelermyer, William (1977).
582:Marshall, Thurgood (2001).
303:formell rätt/materiell rätt
295:droit formel/droit matériel
213:can not impose a penalty —
1886:
1457:International legal theory
936:International slavery laws
931:International human rights
926:International criminal law
589:Miller, Arthur S. (1985).
168:right to confront accusers
114:administrative proceedings
1805:
1510:Administration of justice
600:. New York: Random House.
1287:Basic structure doctrine
1137:Natural and legal rights
1018:Public international law
596:Tribe, Laurence (1985).
312:for substantive law and
172:presumption of innocence
1467:Principle of typicality
941:International trade law
575:Levi, Edward H. (1949)
570:Law and the Modern Mind
398:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
53:more precise citations.
623:US Federal Court Rules
568:Frank, Jerome (1985).
293:as well as the French
1462:Principle of legality
1221:Delegated legislation
921:Intellectual property
525:penelope.uchicago.edu
148:rights to information
1680:Barristers' chambers
1622:Legal representation
1560:Justice of the peace
906:Financial regulation
314:процессуальное право
238:general jurisdiction
164:public participation
1715:Election commission
1427:Expressive function
956:Landlord–tenant law
855:Consumer protection
279:direito substantivo
201:Although different
122:fundamental justice
1673:Legal institutions
1540:Lawsuit/Litigation
1530:Dispute resolution
1335:Catholic canon law
1043:State of emergency
1006:Will and testament
730:Law of obligations
683:Constitutional law
673:Administrative law
548:Andreas Kollmann:
446:Legal technicality
436:Criminal procedure
370:. By granting the
310:материальное право
271:derecho sustantivo
1855:
1854:
1515:Constitutionalism
1437:Law and economics
1275:Act of parliament
1013:Product liability
966:Legal archaeology
891:Environmental law
885:Entertainment law
725:International law
409:. However, after
330:materielles Recht
322:процесуално право
291:materielles Recht
191:Aarhus Convention
180:environmental law
144:procedural rights
120:(in the U.S.) or
79:
78:
71:
1875:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1816:
1815:
1639:Question of fact
1520:Criminal justice
850:Construction law
845:Conflict of laws
810:Agricultural law
652:
645:
638:
629:
536:
535:
533:
531:
517:
511:
510:
508:
506:
500:www.uscourts.gov
492:
486:
485:
483:
481:
471:"procedural law"
467:
301:and the Swedish
275:direito adjetivo
267:derecho material
263:derecho adjetivo
156:right to counsel
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1868:Legal procedure
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1824:
1810:
1801:
1778:
1769:Political party
1742:Legal education
1730:Law enforcement
1710:Court of equity
1668:
1644:Question of law
1597:Practice of law
1577:Judicial review
1491:
1442:Legal formalism
1422:Comparative law
1417:Contract theory
1400:
1320:Legal pluralism
1291:
1280:Act of Congress
1204:Executive order
1170:
1072:
991:Nationality law
916:Immigration law
840:Competition law
793:
661:
656:
619:
545:
543:Further reading
540:
539:
529:
527:
519:
518:
514:
504:
502:
494:
493:
489:
479:
477:
469:
468:
464:
459:
431:Civil procedure
427:
415:formelles Recht
413:the expression
342:
326:formelles Recht
287:Verfahrensrecht
283:formelles Recht
259:substantive law
255:
250:
203:legal processes
199:
197:Legal procedure
176:burden of proof
132:Substantive law
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1821:
1818:Law portal
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1654:Trial advocacy
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1191:
1186:
1184:Ballot measure
1180:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1161:Legal treatise
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1129:
1127:Letters patent
1124:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1078:Sources of law
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1063:Unenforced law
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1003:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
835:Commercial law
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
801:
799:
795:
794:
792:
791:
786:
781:
776:
775:
774:
764:
759:
754:
753:
752:
747:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
701:
700:
690:
685:
680:
675:
669:
667:
663:
662:
657:
655:
654:
647:
640:
632:
626:
625:
618:
617:External links
615:
614:
613:
608:
601:
594:
587:
580:
573:
566:
557:
544:
541:
538:
537:
512:
487:
461:
460:
458:
455:
454:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
426:
423:
354:legis actiones
341:
338:
297:, the Italian
254:
251:
249:
246:
198:
195:
94:rules of court
82:Procedural law
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1881:
1880:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:Civil society
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:Trier of fact
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Legal opinion
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Court-martial
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1497:Jurisprudence
1494:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1386:Statutory law
1384:
1382:
1381:Socialist law
1379:
1375:
1374:Byzantine law
1372:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:Religious law
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1297:Legal systems
1294:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1265:Statutory law
1263:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Statutory law
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1053:Transport law
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
971:Legal fiction
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
901:Financial law
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:Corporate law
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
800:
796:
790:
787:
785:
784:Statutory law
782:
780:
777:
773:
770:
769:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
699:
696:
695:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
668:
666:Core subjects
664:
660:
653:
648:
646:
641:
639:
634:
633:
630:
624:
621:
620:
616:
612:
609:
606:
602:
599:
595:
592:
588:
585:
581:
578:
574:
571:
567:
564:
563:
558:
556:no. 68, 1996.
555:
551:
547:
546:
542:
526:
522:
516:
513:
501:
497:
491:
488:
476:
472:
466:
463:
456:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
441:Hearing (law)
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:
394:
390:
384:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
339:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
252:
247:
245:
243:
242:United States
239:
234:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
196:
194:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
86:adjective law
83:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1844:
1837:
1823:
1809:
1582:Jurisdiction
1550:Legal remedy
1505:Adjudication
1405:Legal theory
1243:Ratification
1238:Promulgation
1209:Proclamation
1189:Codification
1122:Human rights
1110:Divine right
1100:Constitution
1068:Women in law
986:Military law
981:Marriage law
976:Maritime law
875:Election law
815:Aviation law
805:Abortion law
757:Property law
739:
693:Criminal law
604:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
560:
553:
549:
528:. Retrieved
524:
515:
503:. Retrieved
499:
490:
478:. Retrieved
474:
465:
419:Prozessrecht
418:
414:
411:World War II
406:
402:
396:
392:
388:
385:
380:
375:
371:
367:
361:
357:
353:
349:
343:
333:
329:
325:
321:
313:
309:
307:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
256:
235:
231:
200:
150:, access to
143:
130:
93:
90:remedial law
89:
85:
81:
80:
65:
59:October 2023
56:
37:
1754:Legislature
1685:Bureaucracy
1482:Rule of man
1477:Rule of law
1452:Libertarian
1315:Chinese law
1216:Legislation
1166:Regulations
1154:Law reports
1132:Natural law
1028:Reparations
1023:Refugee law
946:Jurimetrics
887:(Media law)
825:Banking law
820:Amnesty law
798:Disciplines
735:Private law
530:12 December
505:12 December
480:12 December
207:due process
118:due process
51:introducing
1747:Law school
1627:Prosecutor
1565:Magistrate
1352:Jewish law
1310:Common law
1231:Rulemaking
1226:Regulation
1176:Law making
1115:Divine law
1091:Legal code
1038:Sports law
961:Law of war
911:Health law
896:Family law
880:Energy law
830:Bankruptcy
767:Punishment
762:Public law
457:References
187:Convention
126:common law
124:(in other
34:references
1725:Judiciary
1720:Executive
1695:The bench
1632:Solicitor
1607:Barrister
1487:Sociology
1472:Pseudolaw
1412:Anarchist
1369:Roman law
1357:Parsi law
1342:Hindu law
1330:Canon law
1305:Civil law
1258:Concordat
1149:Precedent
1058:Trust law
1033:Space law
870:Drugs law
740:Procedure
678:Civil law
451:Vyavahara
346:Roman law
318:Bulgarian
1862:Category
1832:Category
1774:Tribunal
1759:Military
1602:Attorney
1572:Judgment
1432:Feminist
1347:Jain law
1144:Case law
865:Cyberlaw
772:Corporal
750:Criminal
720:Evidence
710:Doctrine
688:Contract
425:See also
403:Anspruch
219:criminal
193:(1998).
110:criminal
1846:Outline
1783:History
1690:The bar
1664:Verdict
1612:Counsel
1592:Justice
1447:History
1270:Statute
1086:Charter
1048:Tax law
996:Probate
376:praetor
363:praetor
240:in the
227:lawsuit
152:justice
140:defense
106:lawsuit
47:improve
1764:Police
1735:Agency
1617:Lawyer
1362:Sharia
1253:Treaty
1248:Repeal
1194:Decree
1105:Custom
1001:Estate
951:Labour
715:Equity
289:) and
223:notice
166:, and
160:rights
154:, and
36:, but
1839:Index
1705:Court
1649:Trial
1555:Judge
1396:Yassa
1199:Edict
745:Civil
698:Crime
393:actio
389:actio
381:actio
372:actio
368:actio
358:actio
350:actio
334:actio
225:of a
215:civil
211:court
184:UNECE
136:claim
102:civil
98:court
92:, or
1587:Jury
1535:Fiqh
1391:Xeer
789:Tort
705:Deed
532:2023
507:2023
482:2023
374:the
356:the
328:and
285:(or
277:and
265:and
138:and
659:Law
269:or
217:or
162:to
112:or
1864::
1093:/
523:.
498:.
473:.
158:,
108:,
104:,
84:,
651:e
644:t
637:v
534:.
509:.
484:.
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.