242:: The first step in process mining. The main goal of process discovery is to transform the event log into a process model. An event log can come from any data storage system that records the activities in an organisation along with the timestamps for those activities. Such an event log is required to contain a case id (a unique identifier to recognise the case to which activity belongs), activity description (a textual description of the activity executed), and timestamp of the activity execution. The result of process discovery is generally a process model which is representative of the event log. Such a process model can be discovered, for example, using techniques such as
150:
state-of-the-art in process mining, promote the use of process mining techniques and tools and stimulate new applications, play a role in standardization efforts for logging event data (e.g., XES), organize tutorials, special sessions, workshops, competitions, panels, and develop material (papers, books, online courses, movies, etc.) to inform and guide people new to the field. The IEEE Task Force on
Process Mining established the International Process Mining Conference (ICPM) series, lead the development of the IEEE XES standard for storing and exchanging event data, and wrote the Process Mining Manifesto which was translated into 16 languages.
284:: Helps in comparing an event log with an existing process model to analyse the discrepancies between them. Such a process model can be constructed manually or with the help of a discovery algorithm. For example, a process model may indicate that purchase orders of more than 1 million euros require two checks. Another example is the checking of the so-called "four-eyes" principle. Conformance checking may be used to detect deviations (compliance checking), or evaluate the discovery algorithms, or enrich an existing process model. An example is the extension of a process model with performance data, i.e., some
274:) based on an event log. Recently, process mining research has started targeting other perspectives (e.g., data, resources, time, etc.). One example is the technique described in (Aalst, Reijers, & Song, 2005), which can be used to construct a social network. Nowadays, techniques such as "streaming process mining" are being developed to work with continuous online data that has to be processed on the spot.
804:, Beer, H., & Dongen, B. van (2005). Process Mining and Verification of Properties: An Approach based on Temporal Logic. In R. Meersman & Z. T. et al. (Eds.), On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE: OTM Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA, and ODBASE 2005 (Vol. 3760, pp. 130–147). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
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to check conformance, but rather to improve the performance of the existing model with respect to certain process performance measures. An example is the extension of a process model with performance data, i.e., some prior process model dynamically annotated with performance data. It is also possible
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Grigori, D., Casati, F., Dayal, U., & Shan, M. (2001). Improving
Business Process Quality through Exception Understanding, Prediction, and Prevention. In P. Apers, P. Atzeni, S. Ceri, S. Paraboschi, K. Ramamohanarao, & R. Snodgrass (Eds.), Proceedings of 27th international conference on Very
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zur
Muehlen, M., & Rosemann, M. (2000). Workflow-based Process Monitoring and Controlling – Technical and Organizational Issues. In R. Sprague (Ed.), Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii international conference on system science (HICSS-33) (pp. 1–10). IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos,
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Process mining software helps organizations analyze and visualize their business processes based on data extracted from various sources, such as transaction logs or event data. This software can identify patterns, bottlenecks, and inefficiencies within a process, enabling organizations to improve
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was established in
October 2009 as part of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society. This is a vendor-neutral organization aims to promote the research, development, education and understanding of process mining, make end-users, developers, consultants, and researchers aware of the
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on process mining. By the year 2018, nearly 30+ commercially available process mining tools were in the picture. The year 2019 earmarked the first process mining conference. Today we have over 35 vendors offering tools and techniques for process discovery and conformance checking.
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Process mining should be viewed as a bridge between data science and process science. Process mining focuses on transforming event log into a meaningful representation of the process which can lead to the formation of several data science and machine learning related problems.
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problems. After discovering a process model and aligning the event log, it is possible to create basic supervised and unsupervised learning problems. For example, to predict the remaining processing time of a running case or to identify the root causes of compliance problems.
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Process mining techniques are often used when no formal description of the process can be obtained by other approaches, or when the quality of existing documentation is questionable. For example, application of process mining methodology to the audit trails of a
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techniques. For example, process discovery techniques in the field of process mining try to discover end-to-end process models that are able to describe sequential, choice relation, concurrent and loop behavior. Conformance checking techniques are closer to
817:(2006a). Conformance Testing: Measuring the Fit and Appropriateness of Event Logs and Process Models. In C. Bussler et al. (Ed.), BPM 2005 Workshops (Workshop on Business Process Intelligence) (Vol. 3812, pp. 163–176). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
955:. A Practitioner's Guide to Process Mining: Limitations of the Directly-Follows Graph. In International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (Centeris 2019), volume 164 of Procedia Computer Science, pages 321-328. Elsevier, 2019.
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process model and analyses every choice in the process model. The event log is consulted for each option to see which information is typically available the moment the choice is made. Conformance checking has various techniques such as
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Garcia, Cleiton dos Santos; Meincheim, Alex; et al. (2019). Process mining techniques and applications – A systematic mapping study». Expert
Systems with Applications. 133: 260–295. ISSN 0957-4174. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2019.05.003
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that contain case id, a unique identifier for a particular process instance; an activity, a description of the event that is occurring; a timestamp; and sometimes other information such as resources, costs, and so on.
305:" that are used depending on the system needs.Then classical data mining techniques are used to see which data elements influence the choice. As a result, a decision tree is generated for each choice in the process.
190:" for conformance checking purposes. Apart from the mainstream techniques of process discovery and conformance checking, process mining branched out into multiple areas leading to the discovery and development of "
206:", a governing body was formed in the year 2009 that began to overlook the norms and standards related to process mining. Further techniques were developed for conformance checking which led to the publishing of "
985:(2006b). Decision Mining in ProM. In S. Dustdar, J. Faideiro, & A. Sheth (Eds.), International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2006) (Vol. 4102, pp. 420–425). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
949:(2005). The ProM framework: A New Era in Process Mining Tool Support. In G. Ciardo & P. Darondeau (Eds.), Application and Theory of Petri Nets 2005 (Vol. 3536, pp. 444–454). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
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Sayal, M., Casati, F., Dayal, U., & Shan, M. (2002). Business
Process Cockpit. In Proceedings of 28th international conference on very large data bases (VLDB’02) (pp. 880–883). Morgan Kaufmann.
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Ingvaldsen, J.E., & J.A. Gulla. (2006). Model Based
Business Process Mining. Journal of Information Systems Management, Vol. 23, No. 1, Special Issue on Business Intelligence, Auerbach Publications
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Kirchmer, M., Laengle, S., & Masias, V. (2013). Transparency-Driven
Business Process Management in Healthcare Settings [Leading Edge]. Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE, 32(4), 14-16.
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Jans, M., van der Werf, J.M., Lybaert, N., Vanhoof, K. (2011) A business process mining application for internal transaction fraud mitigation, Expert
Systems with Applications, 38 (10), 13351–13359
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model(s) to understand whether the observations conform to a prescriptive or descriptive model. It is required that the event logs data be linked to a case ID, activities, and timestamps.
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933:, Dongen, B. van, Herbst, J., Maruster, L., Schimm, G., & Weijters, A. (2003). Workflow Mining: A Survey of Issues and Approaches. Data and Knowledge Engineering, 47 (2), 237–267.
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Kirchmer, M., Laengle, S., & Masias, V. (2013). Transparency-Driven
Business Process Management in Healthcare Settings . Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE, 32(4), 14-16.
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Agrawal, R., Gunopulos, D., & Leymann, F. (1998). Mining Process Models from Workflow Logs. In Sixth international conference on extending database technology (pp. 469–483).
752:, Weijters, A., & Maruster, L. (2004). Workflow Mining: Discovering Process Models from Event Logs. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 16 (9), 1128–1142.
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Cook, J., & Wolf, A. (1998). Discovering Models of Software Processes from Event-Based Data. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, 7 (3), 215–249.
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Ross-Talbot S, The importance and potential of descriptions to our industry. Keynote at The 10th International Federated Conference on Distributed Computing Techniques
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Datta, A. (1998). Automating the Discovery of As-Is Business Process Models: Probabilistic and Algorithmic Approaches. Information Systems Research, 9 (3), 275–301.
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zur Muehlen, M. (2004). Workflow-based Process Controlling: Foundation, Design and Application of workflow-driven Process Information Systems. Logos, Berlin.
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Grigori, D., Casati, F., Castellanos, M., Dayal, U., Sayal, M., & Shan, M. (2004). Business Process Intelligence. Computers in Industry, 53 (3), 321–343.
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also provided a list of products of best process mining tools for 2024 and released the updated 2024 Gartner® Magic Quadrant™ for Process Mining Platforms:
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model. The model is extended with additional performance information such as processing times, cycle times, waiting times, costs, etc., so that the goal is
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van der Aalst, W.M.P. and Berti A. Discovering Object-Centric Petri Nets. Fundamenta Informaticae, 175(1-4):1-40, 2020. doi:10.3233/FI-2020-1946
202:" in the year 2005 and 2006 respectively. In the year 2007, the first-ever commercial process mining company "Futura Pi" was established. The "
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IDS Scheer. (2002). ARIS Process Performance Manager (ARIS PPM): Measure, Analyze and Optimize Your Business Process Performance (whitepaper).
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Huser V, Starren JB, EHR Data Pre-processing Facilitating Process Mining: an Application to Chronic Kidney Disease. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 2009
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Carmona, J., van Dongen, B.F., Solti, A., Weidlich, M. (2018). Conformance Checking: Relating Processes and Models. Springer Verlag, Berlin (
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in a hospital can result in models describing processes of organizations. Event log analysis can also be used to compare event logs with
939:, Reijers, H., & Song, M. (2005). Discovering Social Networks from Event Logs. Computer Supported Cooperative work, 14 (6), 549–593.
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792:(2003). Rediscovering Workflow Models from Event-Based Data using Little Thumb. Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering, 10 (2), 151–162.
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162:. Thus began a new field of research that emerged under the umbrella of techniques related to data science and process science at the
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is a family of techniques used to analyze event data in order to understand and improve operational processes. Part of the fields of
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Symeon Christodoulou, Raimar Scherer (2016). eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction: ECPPM 2016
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to extend process models with additional information such as decision rules and organisational information (e.g., roles).
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919:(2011). Process Mining: Discovery, Conformance and Enhancement of Business Processes. Springer Verlag, Berlin (
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Luis M. Camarinha-Matos, Frederick Benaben, Willy Picard (2015). Risks and Resilience of Collaborative Networks
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Reinkemeyer, L. (2020). Process Mining in Action: Principles, Use Cases and Outlook. Springer Verlag, Berlin (
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IEEE Standard for eXtensible Event Stream (XES) for Achieving Interoperability in Event Logs and Event Streams
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In March 2023 The Analytics Insight Magazine identified top 5 process mining software companies for 2023:
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The term "process mining" was first coined in a research proposal written by the Dutch computer scientist
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is the annual international process mining conference organized by the IEEE Task Force on Process Mining.
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in 1999. In the early days, process mining techniques were often convoluted with the techniques used for
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than to traditional learning approaches. However, process mining can be used to generate
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were developed for process discovery. As the field of process mining began to evolve,
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their operational efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance their customer experience.
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process model is used to project the potential bottlenecks. Another example is the
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became an integral part of it. The year 2004 earmarked the development of "
883:(2016). Process Mining: Data Science in Action. Springer Verlag, Berlin (
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864:"Key Takeaways: 2024 Gartner Magic Quadrant for Process Mining Tools"
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information systems). Process mining is different from mainstream
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Large Data Bases (VLDB’01) (pp. 159–168). Morgan Kaufmann.
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There are three main classes of process mining techniques:
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described in (Rozinat & Aalst, 2006b), which takes an
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There are three categories of process mining techniques.
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at Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands.
629:"International Process Mining Conference (ICPM) series"
702:. IEEE Task Force on Process Mining. 11 November 2016
552:"Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2020"
829:"Top 5 Process Mining Software Companies for 2023"
607:Home page of the task force on process mining
522:"Automated Business Process Discovery (ABPD)"
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88:Contemporary management trends such as BAM (
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850:"Best Process Mining Tools Reviews 2024"
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635:. IEEE Task Force on Process Mining
609:. IEEE Task Force on Process Mining
603:"IEEE Task Force on Process Mining"
56:utomated business process discovery
246:(a didactically driven approach),
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303:streaming conformance checking
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98:business process intelligence
71:, the transaction logs of an
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722:"Process Mining Manifesto"
659:. ieee. 11 November 2016.
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50:. In the past, terms like
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313:: Used when there is an
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139:artificial intelligence
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827:Zaveria (2023-03-26).
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118:data mining
852:. Gartner.
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