1778:
122:
1200:
416:
Gregg F. Gunnell; Doug M. Boyer; Anthony R. Friscia; Steven
Heritage; Fredrick Kyalo Manthi; Ellen R. Miller; Hesham M. Sallam; Nancy B. Simmons; Nancy J. Stevens; Erik R. Seiffert (2018). "Fossil lemurs from Egypt and Kenya suggest an African origin for Madagascar's aye-aye". Nature Communications.
323:, noting that the second premolar was smaller than those of lorises and that the mandibular corpus was also unlike those of lorisiforms in deepening anteriorly and having a deep masseteric fossa (Simpson accepted Walker's refutation of the lorisid placement of
296:. Although long considered a pteropodid fruit-eating bat after spending a brief sojourn as a prehistoric relative of lorises, recent research shows it to be an extinct relative of the
364:
as the most basal member of
Chiromyiformes, supporting the hypothesis that lemurs migrated to Madagascar in two distinct waves from Africa, perhaps in the late Cenozoic.
1928:
1861:
352:
from the Fayum
Depression, Egypt. For example, they pointed out that the laterally compressed and presumably highly procumbent lower anterior tooth excluded
1915:
1848:
445:
1997:
398:
Harrison, T. in
Cenozoic Mammals of Africa (eds Werdelin, L. & Sanders, W. J.) Ch. 20 (University of California Press, Berkeley, 2010).
1992:
1987:
1982:
335:
has an enlarged anterior lower tooth that is relatively larger than the lower canines of pteropodid fruit bats); Butler (1984) placed
307:
on the basis of mandibles from Early
Miocene deposits in Kenya that he regarded as constituting an extinct relative of the extant
1777:
407:
Butler, P. M. Macroscelidea, Insectivora and
Chiroptera from the Miocene of east Africa. Palaeovertebrata 14, 117โ200 (1984).
346:, noting that features cited by Walker (1969) to exclude the genus from Lorisidae are also found in the Eocene strepsirrhine
342:
In a paper published in 2018, the late Gregg
Gunnell and his colleagues cast doubt on the pteropodid classification of
438:
121:
1571:
1816:
1278:
431:
1954:
1874:
611:
244:
1326:
1292:
1199:
380:
Simpson, G. G. The tertiary lorisiform primates of Africa. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 136, 39โ62 (1967).
1431:
1346:
1258:
891:
634:
856:
116:
1959:
1879:
1401:
1364:
1336:
1077:
1941:
1933:
1866:
1758:
1633:
1599:
1592:
713:
1946:
1445:
1799:
1751:
1354:
1285:
998:
641:
627:
360:
and the aye-aye. The results of the cladistic analysis of
Gunnell et al. (2018) recovered
319:
was questioned by Walker (1969), who argued that it represented a fruit bat of the family
389:
Walker, A. True affinities of
Propotto leakeyi Simpson 1967. Nature 223, 647โ648 (1969).
1562:
1540:
1520:
1456:
1319:
1302:
1129:
1108:
1070:
829:
529:
348:
1976:
1737:
1680:
1421:
1028:
943:
902:
843:
734:
706:
662:
648:
512:
499:
454:
280:
183:
75:
1700:
1673:
1664:
1650:
1626:
1217:
1171:
870:
863:
699:
576:
553:
320:
193:
1839:
1794:
1728:
1585:
1578:
1530:
1479:
1391:
1042:
980:
966:
911:
884:
813:
799:
792:
771:
741:
727:
597:
539:
50:
17:
1906:
1643:
1619:
1465:
1438:
1230:
1160:
1138:
1063:
1021:
973:
952:
785:
778:
678:
620:
583:
95:
60:
1744:
1691:
1610:
1375:
1247:
1145:
1099:
1084:
1056:
1049:
1035:
1014:
1007:
959:
925:
822:
590:
569:
133:
100:
1900:
1833:
1312:
1153:
932:
755:
720:
685:
671:
472:
153:
90:
85:
70:
65:
55:
1920:
1853:
1513:
1115:
918:
877:
692:
562:
484:
297:
287:
283:
173:
105:
80:
44:
1714:
1269:
764:
478:
466:
163:
143:
1810:
1707:
1499:
1472:
1412:
308:
276:
203:
423:
1814:
1215:
497:
427:
327:). Several authors accepted the chiropteran classification of
417:
9: Article number 3193. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05648-w.
1725:
1661:
1639:
1547:
1536:
1526:
1427:
1397:
1387:
1360:
1342:
1332:
1308:
1298:
1254:
1243:
1126:
1096:
995:
840:
810:
752:
659:
608:
550:
535:
525:
1890:
1823:
1724:
1690:
1660:
1609:
1561:
1497:
1455:
1411:
1374:
1268:
1228:
1170:
1125:
1095:
994:
942:
901:
839:
809:
751:
658:
607:
549:
510:
339:in a new subfamily of Pteropodidae, Propottinae.
439:
290:of Kenya. It contains one described species,
8:
1811:
1505:
1380:
1236:
1225:
1212:
848:
518:
507:
494:
446:
432:
424:
315:". However, the lorisid classification of
31:
373:
356:from Chiroptera and instead occurs in
7:
331:(although Butler 1984 did note that
311:, hence the genus meaning "before
25:
1776:
1198:
120:
1:
1998:Fossil taxa described in 1967
2014:
1993:Miocene primates of Africa
1988:Prehistoric primate genera
1983:Prehistoric strepsirrhines
1789:
1774:
1508:
1383:
1239:
1224:
1211:
1196:
851:
521:
506:
493:
461:
303:Simpson (1967) described
250:
243:
117:Scientific classification
115:
34:
27:Extinct genus of primates
275:is an extinct monotypic
1955:Paleobiology Database
1875:Paleobiology Database
1729:Palaeopropithecidae
612:Ekgmowechashalidae
1970:
1969:
1942:Open Tree of Life
1817:Taxon identifiers
1808:
1807:
1785:
1784:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1759:Palaeopropithecus
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1207:
1206:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
990:
989:
268:
267:
224:
16:(Redirected from
2005:
1963:
1962:
1950:
1949:
1937:
1936:
1924:
1923:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1812:
1780:
1727:
1665:Archaeolemuridae
1663:
1641:
1549:
1538:
1528:
1506:
1446:Xanthonycticebus
1429:
1399:
1389:
1381:
1362:
1344:
1334:
1310:
1300:
1256:
1245:
1237:
1226:
1213:
1202:
1128:
1098:
997:
849:
842:
812:
754:
661:
610:
552:
537:
527:
519:
508:
495:
448:
441:
434:
425:
418:
414:
408:
405:
399:
396:
390:
387:
381:
378:
293:Propotto leakeyi
259:
257:Propotto leakeyi
255:
222:
215:
125:
124:
110:
47:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
18:Propotto leakeyi
2013:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1932:
1927:
1919:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1800:Subfossil lemur
1781:
1764:
1752:Mesopropithecus
1720:
1686:
1656:
1605:
1557:
1502:
1485:
1451:
1407:
1370:
1264:
1233:
1220:
1203:
1186:
1166:
1121:
1091:
999:Caenopithecidae
986:
938:
897:
835:
805:
747:
654:
642:Muangthanhinius
628:Ekgmowechashala
603:
545:
515:
502:
489:
457:
452:
422:
421:
415:
411:
406:
402:
397:
393:
388:
384:
379:
375:
370:
286:from the early
264:
261:
253:
252:
239:
236:P. leakeyi
221:
213:
119:
111:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
42:
41:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2011:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1951:
1938:
1925:
1912:
1896:
1894:
1892:Plesiopithecus
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1563:Cheirogaleidae
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1545:
1541:Plesiopithecus
1534:
1524:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1459:
1457:Perodicticinae
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1425:
1417:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1351:
1340:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1132:
1130:Djebelemuridae
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1109:Algeripithecus
1104:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1074:
1071:Mescalerolemur
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
1003:
1001:
992:
991:
988:
987:
985:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
948:
946:
940:
939:
937:
936:
929:
922:
915:
907:
905:
899:
898:
896:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
852:
846:
837:
836:
834:
833:
830:Marcgodinotius
826:
818:
816:
807:
806:
804:
803:
796:
789:
782:
775:
768:
760:
758:
749:
748:
746:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
682:
675:
667:
665:
656:
655:
653:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
616:
614:
605:
604:
602:
601:
594:
587:
580:
573:
566:
558:
556:
547:
546:
544:
543:
533:
530:Plesiopithecus
522:
516:
511:
504:
503:
498:
491:
490:
488:
487:
481:
475:
469:
462:
459:
458:
453:
451:
450:
443:
436:
428:
420:
419:
409:
400:
391:
382:
372:
371:
369:
366:
358:Plesiopithecus
349:Plesiopithecus
266:
265:
262:
248:
247:
241:
240:
232:
230:
226:
225:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
113:
112:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
48:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2010:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1779:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1738:Archaeoindris
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1681:Hadropithecus
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1432:Nycticeboides
1426:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1355:Sciurocheirus
1352:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1029:Caenopithecus
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
993:
983:
982:
978:
976:
975:
971:
969:
968:
964:
962:
961:
957:
955:
954:
950:
949:
947:
945:
944:Sivaladapinae
941:
935:
934:
930:
928:
927:
923:
921:
920:
916:
914:
913:
909:
908:
906:
904:
903:Hoanghoniinae
900:
894:
893:
889:
887:
886:
882:
880:
879:
875:
873:
872:
868:
866:
865:
861:
859:
858:
854:
853:
850:
847:
845:
844:Sivaladapidae
838:
832:
831:
827:
825:
824:
820:
819:
817:
815:
808:
802:
801:
797:
795:
794:
790:
788:
787:
783:
781:
780:
776:
774:
773:
769:
767:
766:
762:
761:
759:
757:
750:
744:
743:
739:
737:
736:
735:Pronycticebus
732:
730:
729:
725:
723:
722:
718:
716:
715:
711:
709:
708:
707:Mazateronodon
704:
702:
701:
697:
695:
694:
690:
688:
687:
683:
681:
680:
676:
674:
673:
669:
668:
666:
664:
663:Cercamoniidae
657:
651:
650:
649:Palaeohodites
646:
644:
643:
639:
637:
636:
632:
630:
629:
625:
623:
622:
618:
617:
615:
613:
606:
600:
599:
595:
593:
592:
588:
586:
585:
581:
579:
578:
574:
572:
571:
567:
565:
564:
560:
559:
557:
555:
548:
542:
541:
534:
532:
531:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
513:Strepsirrhini
509:
505:
501:
500:Strepsirrhini
496:
492:
486:
482:
480:
476:
474:
470:
468:
464:
463:
460:
456:
455:Strepsirrhini
449:
444:
442:
437:
435:
430:
429:
426:
413:
410:
404:
401:
395:
392:
386:
383:
377:
374:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
282:
281:strepsirrhine
278:
274:
273:
263:Simpson, 1967
260:
258:
249:
246:
245:Binomial name
242:
238:
237:
231:
228:
227:
223:Simpson, 1967
220:
219:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
200:Superfamily:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:Strepsirrhini
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
123:
118:
114:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
46:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1891:
1824:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1679:
1674:Archaeolemur
1672:
1649:
1642:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1579:Cheirogaleus
1577:
1570:
1551:
1550:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1512:
1478:
1473:Perodicticus
1471:
1464:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1420:
1400:
1390:
1363:
1353:
1347:Saharagalago
1345:
1335:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1259:Saharagalago
1257:
1246:
1218:Lemuriformes
1172:Lemuriformes
1159:
1152:
1144:
1137:
1114:
1107:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
931:
924:
917:
910:
892:Yunnanadapis
890:
883:
876:
871:Kyitchaungia
869:
864:Guangxilemur
862:
855:
828:
821:
798:
791:
784:
777:
770:
763:
740:
733:
726:
719:
712:
705:
700:Donrussellia
698:
691:
684:
677:
670:
647:
640:
635:Gatanthropus
633:
626:
619:
596:
589:
582:
577:Hesperolemur
575:
568:
561:
554:Notharctidae
538:
528:
412:
403:
394:
385:
376:
361:
357:
353:
347:
343:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:Pteropodidae
316:
312:
304:
302:
292:
291:
271:
270:
269:
256:
251:
235:
234:
217:
216:
194:Lemuriformes
190:Infraorder:
35:
29:
1795:Adapiformes
1715:Propithecus
1531:Megaladapis
1514:Daubentonia
1480:Pseudopotto
1392:Mioeuoticus
1043:Europolemur
981:Sivaladapis
967:Siamoadapis
912:Hoanghonius
885:Paukkaungia
857:Anthradapis
814:Asiadapidae
800:Palaeolemur
793:Microadapis
772:Cryptadapis
742:Protoadapis
728:Periconodon
598:Smilodectes
540:Sulaimanius
1977:Categories
1793:See also:
1644:Pachylemur
1586:Microcebus
1500:Lemuroidea
1466:Arctocebus
1439:Nycticebus
1327:Paragalago
1293:Galagoides
1231:Lorisoidea
1181:see belowโ
1161:Shizarodon
1139:Djebelemur
1064:Masradapis
1022:Aframonius
974:Sinoadapis
953:Indraloris
786:Magnadapis
779:Leptadapis
679:Anchomomys
621:Bugtilemur
584:Notharctus
368:References
204:Lemuroidea
180:Suborder:
1840:Q56280041
1745:Babakotia
1692:Indriidae
1627:Hapalemur
1611:Lemuridae
1572:Allocebus
1521:Lepilemur
1413:Lorisinae
1402:Namaloris
1376:Lorisidae
1365:Wadilemur
1337:Progalago
1270:Galagidae
1248:Karanisia
1146:Notnamaia
1100:Azibiidae
1085:Notnamaia
1078:Namadapis
1057:Mahgarita
1050:Godinotia
1036:Darwinius
1015:Afradapis
1008:Adapoides
960:Ramadapis
926:Rencunius
823:Asiadapis
591:Pelycodus
570:Copelemur
465:Kingdom:
229:Species:
140:Kingdom:
134:Eukaryota
1907:Q3392299
1901:Wikidata
1834:Wikidata
1825:Propotto
1552:Propotto
1320:Otolemur
1313:Laetolia
1279:Euoticus
1154:Omanodon
933:Wailekia
756:Adapidae
721:Panobius
714:Nievesia
686:Barnesia
672:Agerinia
485:Primates
479:Mammalia
473:Chordata
471:Phylum:
467:Animalia
362:Propotto
354:Propotto
344:Propotto
337:Propotto
333:Propotto
329:Propotto
325:Propotto
317:Propotto
305:Propotto
272:Propotto
218:Propotto
174:Primates
164:Mammalia
154:Chordata
150:Phylum:
144:Animalia
130:Domain:
36:Propotto
1947:3607790
1934:1217470
1921:4827772
1867:1187575
1854:4832053
1651:Varecia
1620:Eulemur
1116:Azibius
919:Lushius
878:Laomaki
693:Buxella
563:Cantius
483:Order:
477:Class:
298:aye-aye
288:Miocene
284:primate
254:†
233:†
210:Genus:
170:Order:
160:Class:
45:Miocene
1960:121444
1600:Phaner
1286:Galago
765:Adapis
43:Early
1929:IRMNG
1880:40625
1862:IRMNG
1708:Indri
1701:Avahi
1634:Lemur
1593:Mirza
1422:Loris
1303:Komba
313:Potto
309:potto
277:genus
1916:GBIF
1849:GBIF
51:Pre๊
279:of
1979::
1957::
1944::
1931::
1918::
1903::
1877::
1864::
1851::
1836::
300:.
101:Pg
1726:โ
1662:โ
1640:โ
1548:โ
1544:?
1537:โ
1527:โ
1428:โ
1398:โ
1388:โ
1361:โ
1350:?
1343:โ
1333:โ
1309:โ
1299:โ
1255:โ
1251:?
1244:โ
1149:?
1127:โ
1097:โ
1088:?
996:โ
841:โ
811:โ
753:โ
660:โ
609:โ
551:โ
536:โ
526:โ
447:e
440:t
433:v
214:โ
106:N
96:K
91:J
86:T
81:P
76:C
71:D
66:S
61:O
56:๊
20:)
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