1767:
111:
1189:
405:
Gregg F. Gunnell; Doug M. Boyer; Anthony R. Friscia; Steven
Heritage; Fredrick Kyalo Manthi; Ellen R. Miller; Hesham M. Sallam; Nancy B. Simmons; Nancy J. Stevens; Erik R. Seiffert (2018). "Fossil lemurs from Egypt and Kenya suggest an African origin for Madagascar's aye-aye". Nature Communications.
312:, noting that the second premolar was smaller than those of lorises and that the mandibular corpus was also unlike those of lorisiforms in deepening anteriorly and having a deep masseteric fossa (Simpson accepted Walker's refutation of the lorisid placement of
285:. Although long considered a pteropodid fruit-eating bat after spending a brief sojourn as a prehistoric relative of lorises, recent research shows it to be an extinct relative of the
353:
as the most basal member of
Chiromyiformes, supporting the hypothesis that lemurs migrated to Madagascar in two distinct waves from Africa, perhaps in the late Cenozoic.
1917:
1850:
341:
from the Fayum
Depression, Egypt. For example, they pointed out that the laterally compressed and presumably highly procumbent lower anterior tooth excluded
1904:
1837:
434:
1986:
387:
Harrison, T. in
Cenozoic Mammals of Africa (eds Werdelin, L. & Sanders, W. J.) Ch. 20 (University of California Press, Berkeley, 2010).
1981:
1976:
1971:
324:
has an enlarged anterior lower tooth that is relatively larger than the lower canines of pteropodid fruit bats); Butler (1984) placed
296:
on the basis of mandibles from Early
Miocene deposits in Kenya that he regarded as constituting an extinct relative of the extant
1766:
396:
Butler, P. M. Macroscelidea, Insectivora and
Chiroptera from the Miocene of east Africa. Palaeovertebrata 14, 117โ200 (1984).
335:, noting that features cited by Walker (1969) to exclude the genus from Lorisidae are also found in the Eocene strepsirrhine
331:
In a paper published in 2018, the late Gregg
Gunnell and his colleagues cast doubt on the pteropodid classification of
427:
110:
1560:
1805:
1267:
420:
1943:
1863:
600:
233:
1315:
1281:
1188:
369:
Simpson, G. G. The tertiary lorisiform primates of Africa. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 136, 39โ62 (1967).
1420:
1335:
1247:
880:
623:
845:
105:
1948:
1868:
1390:
1353:
1325:
1066:
1930:
1922:
1855:
1747:
1622:
1588:
1581:
702:
1935:
1434:
1788:
1740:
1343:
1274:
987:
630:
616:
349:
and the aye-aye. The results of the cladistic analysis of
Gunnell et al. (2018) recovered
308:
was questioned by Walker (1969), who argued that it represented a fruit bat of the family
378:
Walker, A. True affinities of
Propotto leakeyi Simpson 1967. Nature 223, 647โ648 (1969).
1551:
1529:
1509:
1445:
1308:
1291:
1118:
1097:
1059:
818:
518:
337:
1965:
1726:
1669:
1410:
1017:
932:
891:
832:
723:
695:
651:
637:
501:
488:
443:
269:
172:
64:
1689:
1662:
1653:
1639:
1615:
1206:
1160:
859:
852:
688:
565:
542:
309:
182:
1828:
1783:
1717:
1574:
1567:
1519:
1468:
1380:
1031:
969:
955:
900:
873:
802:
788:
781:
760:
730:
716:
586:
528:
39:
1895:
1632:
1608:
1454:
1427:
1219:
1149:
1127:
1052:
1010:
962:
941:
774:
767:
667:
609:
572:
84:
49:
1733:
1680:
1599:
1364:
1236:
1134:
1088:
1073:
1045:
1038:
1024:
1003:
996:
948:
914:
811:
579:
558:
122:
89:
1889:
1822:
1301:
1142:
921:
744:
709:
674:
660:
461:
142:
79:
74:
59:
54:
44:
1909:
1842:
1502:
1104:
907:
866:
681:
551:
473:
286:
276:
272:
162:
94:
69:
33:
1703:
1258:
753:
467:
455:
152:
132:
1799:
1696:
1488:
1461:
1401:
297:
265:
192:
412:
1803:
1204:
486:
416:
316:). Several authors accepted the chiropteran classification of
406:
9: Article number 3193. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05648-w.
1714:
1650:
1628:
1536:
1525:
1515:
1416:
1386:
1376:
1349:
1331:
1321:
1297:
1287:
1243:
1232:
1115:
1085:
984:
829:
799:
741:
648:
597:
539:
524:
514:
1879:
1812:
1713:
1679:
1649:
1598:
1550:
1486:
1444:
1400:
1363:
1257:
1217:
1159:
1114:
1084:
983:
931:
890:
828:
798:
740:
647:
596:
538:
499:
328:in a new subfamily of Pteropodidae, Propottinae.
428:
279:of Kenya. It contains one described species,
8:
1800:
1494:
1369:
1225:
1214:
1201:
837:
507:
496:
483:
435:
421:
413:
304:". However, the lorisid classification of
20:
362:
345:from Chiroptera and instead occurs in
7:
320:(although Butler 1984 did note that
300:, hence the genus meaning "before
14:
1765:
1187:
109:
1:
1987:Fossil taxa described in 1967
2003:
1982:Miocene primates of Africa
1977:Prehistoric primate genera
1972:Prehistoric strepsirrhines
1778:
1763:
1497:
1372:
1228:
1213:
1200:
1185:
840:
510:
495:
482:
450:
292:Simpson (1967) described
239:
232:
106:Scientific classification
104:
23:
16:Extinct genus of primates
264:is an extinct monotypic
1944:Paleobiology Database
1864:Paleobiology Database
1718:Palaeopropithecidae
601:Ekgmowechashalidae
1959:
1958:
1931:Open Tree of Life
1806:Taxon identifiers
1797:
1796:
1774:
1773:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1748:Palaeopropithecus
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1196:
1195:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
979:
978:
257:
256:
213:
1994:
1952:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1925:
1913:
1912:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1872:
1871:
1859:
1858:
1846:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1801:
1769:
1716:
1654:Archaeolemuridae
1652:
1630:
1538:
1527:
1517:
1495:
1435:Xanthonycticebus
1418:
1388:
1378:
1370:
1351:
1333:
1323:
1299:
1289:
1245:
1234:
1226:
1215:
1202:
1191:
1117:
1087:
986:
838:
831:
801:
743:
650:
599:
541:
526:
516:
508:
497:
484:
437:
430:
423:
414:
407:
403:
397:
394:
388:
385:
379:
376:
370:
367:
282:Propotto leakeyi
248:
246:Propotto leakeyi
244:
211:
204:
114:
113:
99:
36:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1908:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1875:
1867:
1862:
1854:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1808:
1798:
1793:
1789:Subfossil lemur
1770:
1753:
1741:Mesopropithecus
1709:
1675:
1645:
1594:
1546:
1491:
1474:
1440:
1396:
1359:
1253:
1222:
1209:
1192:
1175:
1155:
1110:
1080:
988:Caenopithecidae
975:
927:
886:
824:
794:
736:
643:
631:Muangthanhinius
617:Ekgmowechashala
592:
534:
504:
491:
478:
446:
441:
411:
410:
404:
400:
395:
391:
386:
382:
377:
373:
368:
364:
359:
275:from the early
253:
250:
242:
241:
228:
225:P. leakeyi
210:
202:
108:
100:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1940:
1927:
1914:
1901:
1885:
1883:
1881:Plesiopithecus
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1860:
1847:
1834:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1722:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1554:
1552:Cheirogaleidae
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1534:
1530:Plesiopithecus
1523:
1513:
1506:
1498:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1450:
1448:
1446:Perodicticinae
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1414:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1347:
1340:
1329:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1123:
1121:
1119:Djebelemuridae
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1098:Algeripithecus
1093:
1091:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1063:
1060:Mescalerolemur
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
992:
990:
981:
980:
977:
976:
974:
973:
966:
959:
952:
945:
937:
935:
929:
928:
926:
925:
918:
911:
904:
896:
894:
888:
887:
885:
884:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
841:
835:
826:
825:
823:
822:
819:Marcgodinotius
815:
807:
805:
796:
795:
793:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
749:
747:
738:
737:
735:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
656:
654:
645:
644:
642:
641:
634:
627:
620:
613:
605:
603:
594:
593:
591:
590:
583:
576:
569:
562:
555:
547:
545:
536:
535:
533:
532:
522:
519:Plesiopithecus
511:
505:
500:
493:
492:
487:
480:
479:
477:
476:
470:
464:
458:
451:
448:
447:
442:
440:
439:
432:
425:
417:
409:
408:
398:
389:
380:
371:
361:
360:
358:
355:
347:Plesiopithecus
338:Plesiopithecus
255:
254:
251:
237:
236:
230:
229:
221:
219:
215:
214:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
102:
101:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
37:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1999:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1768:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1727:Archaeoindris
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1670:Hadropithecus
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1421:Nycticeboides
1415:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1344:Sciurocheirus
1341:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1018:Caenopithecus
1015:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
998:
994:
993:
991:
989:
982:
972:
971:
967:
965:
964:
960:
958:
957:
953:
951:
950:
946:
944:
943:
939:
938:
936:
934:
933:Sivaladapinae
930:
924:
923:
919:
917:
916:
912:
910:
909:
905:
903:
902:
898:
897:
895:
893:
892:Hoanghoniinae
889:
883:
882:
878:
876:
875:
871:
869:
868:
864:
862:
861:
857:
855:
854:
850:
848:
847:
843:
842:
839:
836:
834:
833:Sivaladapidae
827:
821:
820:
816:
814:
813:
809:
808:
806:
804:
797:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:
779:
777:
776:
772:
770:
769:
765:
763:
762:
758:
756:
755:
751:
750:
748:
746:
739:
733:
732:
728:
726:
725:
724:Pronycticebus
721:
719:
718:
714:
712:
711:
707:
705:
704:
700:
698:
697:
696:Mazateronodon
693:
691:
690:
686:
684:
683:
679:
677:
676:
672:
670:
669:
665:
663:
662:
658:
657:
655:
653:
652:Cercamoniidae
646:
640:
639:
638:Palaeohodites
635:
633:
632:
628:
626:
625:
621:
619:
618:
614:
612:
611:
607:
606:
604:
602:
595:
589:
588:
584:
582:
581:
577:
575:
574:
570:
568:
567:
563:
561:
560:
556:
554:
553:
549:
548:
546:
544:
537:
531:
530:
523:
521:
520:
513:
512:
509:
506:
503:
502:Strepsirrhini
498:
494:
490:
489:Strepsirrhini
485:
481:
475:
471:
469:
465:
463:
459:
457:
453:
452:
449:
445:
444:Strepsirrhini
438:
433:
431:
426:
424:
419:
418:
415:
402:
399:
393:
390:
384:
381:
375:
372:
366:
363:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
271:
270:strepsirrhine
267:
263:
262:
252:Simpson, 1967
249:
247:
238:
235:
234:Binomial name
231:
227:
226:
220:
217:
216:
212:Simpson, 1967
209:
208:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
189:Superfamily:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:Strepsirrhini
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
112:
107:
103:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
35:
26:
22:
19:
1880:
1813:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1668:
1663:Archaeolemur
1661:
1638:
1631:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1568:Cheirogaleus
1566:
1559:
1540:
1539:
1528:
1518:
1508:
1501:
1467:
1462:Perodicticus
1460:
1453:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1409:
1389:
1379:
1352:
1342:
1336:Saharagalago
1334:
1324:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1248:Saharagalago
1246:
1235:
1207:Lemuriformes
1161:Lemuriformes
1148:
1141:
1133:
1126:
1103:
1096:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
968:
961:
954:
947:
940:
920:
913:
906:
899:
881:Yunnanadapis
879:
872:
865:
860:Kyitchaungia
858:
853:Guangxilemur
851:
844:
817:
810:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
689:Donrussellia
687:
680:
673:
666:
659:
636:
629:
624:Gatanthropus
622:
615:
608:
585:
578:
571:
566:Hesperolemur
564:
557:
550:
543:Notharctidae
527:
517:
401:
392:
383:
374:
365:
350:
346:
342:
336:
332:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:Pteropodidae
305:
301:
293:
291:
281:
280:
260:
259:
258:
245:
240:
224:
223:
206:
205:
183:Lemuriformes
179:Infraorder:
24:
18:
1784:Adapiformes
1704:Propithecus
1520:Megaladapis
1503:Daubentonia
1469:Pseudopotto
1381:Mioeuoticus
1032:Europolemur
970:Sivaladapis
956:Siamoadapis
901:Hoanghonius
874:Paukkaungia
846:Anthradapis
803:Asiadapidae
789:Palaeolemur
782:Microadapis
761:Cryptadapis
731:Protoadapis
717:Periconodon
587:Smilodectes
529:Sulaimanius
1966:Categories
1782:See also:
1633:Pachylemur
1575:Microcebus
1489:Lemuroidea
1455:Arctocebus
1428:Nycticebus
1316:Paragalago
1282:Galagoides
1220:Lorisoidea
1170:see belowโ
1150:Shizarodon
1128:Djebelemur
1053:Masradapis
1011:Aframonius
963:Sinoadapis
942:Indraloris
775:Magnadapis
768:Leptadapis
668:Anchomomys
610:Bugtilemur
573:Notharctus
357:References
193:Lemuroidea
169:Suborder:
1829:Q56280041
1734:Babakotia
1681:Indriidae
1616:Hapalemur
1600:Lemuridae
1561:Allocebus
1510:Lepilemur
1402:Lorisinae
1391:Namaloris
1365:Lorisidae
1354:Wadilemur
1326:Progalago
1259:Galagidae
1237:Karanisia
1135:Notnamaia
1089:Azibiidae
1074:Notnamaia
1067:Namadapis
1046:Mahgarita
1039:Godinotia
1025:Darwinius
1004:Afradapis
997:Adapoides
949:Ramadapis
915:Rencunius
812:Asiadapis
580:Pelycodus
559:Copelemur
454:Kingdom:
218:Species:
129:Kingdom:
123:Eukaryota
1896:Q3392299
1890:Wikidata
1823:Wikidata
1814:Propotto
1541:Propotto
1309:Otolemur
1302:Laetolia
1268:Euoticus
1143:Omanodon
922:Wailekia
745:Adapidae
710:Panobius
703:Nievesia
675:Barnesia
661:Agerinia
474:Primates
468:Mammalia
462:Chordata
460:Phylum:
456:Animalia
351:Propotto
343:Propotto
333:Propotto
326:Propotto
322:Propotto
318:Propotto
314:Propotto
306:Propotto
294:Propotto
261:Propotto
207:Propotto
163:Primates
153:Mammalia
143:Chordata
139:Phylum:
133:Animalia
119:Domain:
25:Propotto
1936:3607790
1923:1217470
1910:4827772
1856:1187575
1843:4832053
1640:Varecia
1609:Eulemur
1105:Azibius
908:Lushius
867:Laomaki
682:Buxella
552:Cantius
472:Order:
466:Class:
287:aye-aye
277:Miocene
273:primate
243:†
222:†
199:Genus:
159:Order:
149:Class:
34:Miocene
1949:121444
1589:Phaner
1275:Galago
754:Adapis
32:Early
1918:IRMNG
1869:40625
1851:IRMNG
1697:Indri
1690:Avahi
1623:Lemur
1582:Mirza
1411:Loris
1292:Komba
302:Potto
298:potto
266:genus
1905:GBIF
1838:GBIF
40:Pre๊
268:of
1968::
1946::
1933::
1920::
1907::
1892::
1866::
1853::
1840::
1825::
289:.
90:Pg
1715:โ
1651:โ
1629:โ
1537:โ
1533:?
1526:โ
1516:โ
1417:โ
1387:โ
1377:โ
1350:โ
1339:?
1332:โ
1322:โ
1298:โ
1288:โ
1244:โ
1240:?
1233:โ
1138:?
1116:โ
1086:โ
1077:?
985:โ
830:โ
800:โ
742:โ
649:โ
598:โ
540:โ
525:โ
515:โ
436:e
429:t
422:v
203:โ
95:N
85:K
80:J
75:T
70:P
65:C
60:D
55:S
50:O
45:๊
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