745:, for the legalisation of slavery. He believed, as was common at the time, that each race had been conditioned by nature to suit its environment, and viewed the Negro as suited for hot environments. He also believed Georgia's failure to flourish economically was due to a lack of Negroes as were held in other colonies such as The Carolinas. Thus, Whitfield had altered his position, and partially joined the ranks of the slave owners who he had denounced in his earlier years. However, Whitfield still maintained humane treatment was a moral obligation, and a Christian duty, and ultimately never endorsed slavery on any but pragmatic grounds, while contending that Jesus Christ had also died for the Negro slaves, and opposing their mistreatment by owners who resisted his evangelism to slaves. Slavery had been outlawed in Georgia, but it was legalised in 1751. Whitfield bought enslaved Africans and put them to work on his plantation as well as at the
894:, has suggested that "the majority of American Jews were mute on the subject, perhaps because they dreaded its tremendous corrosive power. Prior to 1861, there are virtually no instances of rabbinical sermons on slavery, probably due to fear that the controversy would trigger a sectional conflict in which Jewish families would be arrayed on opposite sides. ... America's largest Jewish community, New York's Jews, were overwhelmingly pro-southern, pro-slavery, and anti-Lincoln in the early years of the war." However, as the war progressed, "and the North's military victories mounted, feelings began to shift toward ... the Union and eventually, emancipation."
31:
653:. The economic self-interest of slaveholders certainly played a role, as slaves represented a massive amount of wealth – at the time of the Civil War some historians estimate the over 20% of private wealth in the US was slaves. They saw the abolition of slavery as a threat to their powerful Southern economy: an economy that revolved almost entirely around the plantation system and was supported by the use of black slaves.
626:
class of the landless poor. Southern proslavery theorists felt that this class of landless poor was inherently transient and easily manipulated, and as such often destabilized society as a whole. Thus, the greatest threat to democracy was seen as coming from class warfare that destabilized a nation's economy, society, government, and threatened the peaceful and harmonious implementation of laws.
581:
labor-intensive wheat crops, more slaves were freed between 1783 and 1812 than any time until 1865. There was the potential, in many
Southern minds, for a relatively short transition away from slavery. However this perspective rapidly changed as the worldwide demand for sugar and cotton from America increased and the
602:
625:
articulated the proslavery political argument during the period at which the ideology was at its most mature (late 1830s – early 1860s). These proslavery theorists championed a class-sensitive view of
American antebellum society. They felt that the bane of many past societies was the existence of the
588:
Only in the early 19th century did abolitionist movements gather momentum, and many countries abolished slavery in the first half of the 19th century. The increasing rarity of slavery, combined with an increase in the number of slaves caused by a boom in the cotton trade, drew attention and criticism
510:
Proslavery apologists fought against the abolitionists with their own promotion, which invariably stressed their view that slaves were both well treated and happy, and included illustrations which were designed to prove their points. A writer in 1835 asserted that
American slavery is the best slavery
285:
gave a speech to the House of
Commons defending slavery on the basis of the Old Testament and the Epistle to Philemon. Dumas notes that attempts to directly defend slavery on the basis of the Bible largely disappeared following the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, but its defenders still drew on
264:
Paula E. Dumas, in her study of the history of the
British proslavery movement, draws a distinction between anti-abolitionist and proslavery positions: "Anti-abolition arguments in this period focused on defects in the abolitionist platform, emphasising the illegal, illogical, inhumane, or pro-French
229:
traditionally permits slavery, but moderates it. However, most contemporary
Islamic authorities argue that slavery is inapplicable in the modern world. Nonetheless, a minority of contemporary Islamic jurists defend slavery by arguing that it is still relevant and permissible today, and it is actively
641:
Southern proslavery theorists asserted that slavery eliminated this problem by elevating all free people to the status of "citizen", and removing the landless poor (the "mudsill") from the political process entirely by means of enslavement. Thus, those who would most threaten economic stability and
633:
being that the lowest threshold (mudsill) supports the foundation for a building. This theory was used by its composer, Senator and
Governor James Henry Hammond, a wealthy Southern plantation owner, to justify what he saw as the willingness of the non-whites to perform menial work which enabled the
351:
James Farr describes John Locke as "a merchant adventurer in the
African slave trade and an instrument of English colonial policy who proposed legislation to ensure that 'every freeman of Carolina shall have absolute power and authority over his negro slaves'". Farr argues that Locke's theoretical
150:
Accordingly, those who are as different as the soul from the body or man from beast—and they are in this state if their work is the use of the body, and if this is the best that can come from them—are slaves by nature. For them it is better to be ruled in accordance with this sort of rule, if such
63:
but also later through the 20th century. Arguments in favor of slavery include deference to the Bible and thus to God, some people being natural slaves in need of supervision, slaves often being better off than the poorest non-slaves, practical social benefit for the society as a whole, and slavery
938:
laws should be applied in the present day, including those laws that permitted slavery. Unlike Nozick, who believed that slavery should be limited to those who voluntarily agreed to it, Rushdoony supported the forcible enslavement of all who rejected
Christianity. Rushdoony also asserted that even
576:
era did slavery first become a significant social issue in North
America. In the North, beginning during the Revolution and continuing through the first decade of the next century, state by state emancipation was achieved by legislation or lawsuit although in the larger slaveholding states such as
121:
slaves, and a more lenient set of laws for Hebrew slaves. From the time of the Pentateuch, the laws designated for Canaanites were applied to all non-Hebrew slaves. The Talmud's slavery laws, which were established in the second through the fifth centuries CE, contain a single set of rules for all
732:
which mention the institution of slavery have been used as a justification for the keeping of slaves throughout history, and they have also been used as a source of guidance on how it should be done. Therefore, when abolition was proposed, many Christians spoke vociferously against it, citing the
506:
By 1820, a new proslavery doctrine had emerged in the United States. Building on the concepts of paternalism forged on 18th century tobacco plantations, this notion held that slaves by their natures were unable to take care of themselves, and whites had been appointed by God to watch over their
256:
The British proslavery movement opposed the abolition of the slave trade – from when the campaign for its abolition first began in 1783 until 1807, when it was abolished – and then opposed the abolition of slavery itself in British colonies until that was legislated in 1833. Most of the British
2300:. Adams writes that Raphall's position was "accepted by many as the Jewish position on the slavery question. ... Raphall was a prominent Orthodox rabbi and so the sermon was used in the South to prove the Biblical sanction of slavery and the American Jews' sympathy with the secession movement."
289:
After the abolition of the slave trade, British defenders of slavery drew a distinction between slavery itself and the slave trade, acknowledging the latter to be prohibited by the Bible (in particular, Exodus 21:6, Deut 24:7, 1 Tim 1:9-10), but arguing that the Bible permitted the former.
580:
In the United States, the antislavery contention that slavery was both economically inefficient and socially detrimental to the country as a whole was more prevalent than philosophical and moral arguments against slavery. In Virginia, as the economy shifted away from tobacco towards less
867:, who opposed its current form. However, there were not many Jews in the South, and Jews accounted for only 1.25% of all Southern slave owners. In 1861, Raphall published his views in a treatise called "The Bible View of Slavery". Raphall and other pro-slavery rabbis such as
142:, and as a result of this belief, he argued that their enslavement was the only way to serve their best interests. However, what Aristotle meant by the word "slavery" is regarded by some political philosophers today to be a subject of controversy. He wrote in book I of the
269:
after the abolition of the slave trade in 1807. However, other authors do not so clearly draw such a distinction and include what Dumas calls anti-abolitionism in the topic of proslavery. Dumas traces the beginning of organised British proslavery movement to 1787, when the
859:, the "most unanswerable speech on the rights of the South ever made in the Senate", it refers to the lecture of Rabbi Raphall, "a discourse which stands like the tallest peak of the Himmalohs —immovable and incomparable". The most notable debate was between Rabbi
208:, in which slavery was non-existent; on those grounds, many commentators see him as rejecting Aristotle's claim that some people were naturally slaves, although it is a matter of controversy as to whether he fully rejected Aristotle's views on the matter.
1010:, which in part stated that "Non-Jews will be obliged to assume duties, taxes and slavery. If he does not agree to slavery and taxes, he will be forcibly deported". The legislation was rejected, with one MK comparing it to Nazi Germany's infamous
642:
political harmony were not allowed to undermine a democratic society, because they were not allowed to participate in it. So, in the mindset of proslavery men, slavery was for protecting the common good of slaves, masters, and society as a whole.
2637:"We're on the move!" That's what the niggers are hollerin'! "We're on the move; we're on the go; we're gonna run the white people down; we're gonna kick'em in the teeth; we're gonna take our place in society!" Well, I got news for you, nigger,
151:
is the case for the other things mentioned. For he is a slave by nature who is capable of belonging to another–which is also why he belongs to another–and who participates in reason only to the extent of perceiving it, but does not have it.
193:
for their advocacy of the liberation of slaves: "what is more unrighteous, more unjust, more dishonest, than to benefit a foreign slave in such a way as to take him away from his master, claim him who is someone else's property".
854:
noted: "It is a singular fact that the most masterly expositions which have lately been made of the constitutional and the religious argument for slavery are from gentlemen of the Hebrew faith". After referring to the speech of
356:
Locke never addressed, much less resolved, this contradiction. On Afro-American slavery, silence seems to have been his principal bequest to posterity. Locke's silence is all the more difficult to fathom inasmuch as in the
885:, concerned that Raphall's position would be seen as the official policy of American Judaism, vigorously rebutted his arguments, and argued that slavery—as practiced in the South—was immoral and not endorsed by Judaism.
370:
While Locke criticised slavery as "so vile and miserable an estate of man", Farr argues that this statement was meant primarily as a condemnation of the "enslavement" of the English (which Locke accused advocates of
265:
nature of their aims. Proslavery arguments, on the other hand, positively promoted slavery and the slave trade". Dumas notes that proslavery (as opposed to anti-abolitionist) positions largely disappeared from the
122:
slaves, although there are a few exceptions where Hebrew slaves are treated differently from non-Hebrew slaves. The laws include punishment for slave owners that mistreat their slaves. In the modern era, when the
366:... Locke's silence about the Afro-American slave practices that he helped forward remains profoundly unsettling and poses one of the greatest problems for understanding Locke as a theorist and political actor.
479:
The Pro-slavery argument: as maintained by the most distinguished writers of the southern states: Containing the several essays on the subject, of Chancellor Harper, Governor Hammond, Dr. Simms, and Professor
361:
he developed a general theory and justification of slavery for captives taken in a just war ... I hope to show that this theory is woefully inadequate as an account of Afro-American slavery and, further, that
2620:
469:
916:, Nozick writes, "The comparable question about an individual is whether a free system will allow him to sell himself into slavery. I believe that it would." Commenting on Nozick's views,
204:, but nonetheless he defended it as a consequence of human sinfulness and necessary for the good of society. He viewed the natural state of humanity as that which had existed prior to the
271:
336:
to any one, nor put himself under the absolute, arbitrary power of another" (emphasis in original). However, he goes on to argue that enslavement of those who are guilty of
564:
accepted slavery as part of a proper social system. However, across Europe through the last part of the 18th century there were intellectual antislavery arguments based on
181:
of disobedient slaves: "You must use the whip, use it! God allows it. Rather, he is angered if you do not lash the slave. But do it in a loving and not a cruel spirit."
634:
higher classes to move civilization forward. With this in mind, any efforts for class or racial equality that ran counter to the theory would inevitably run counter to
1298:
451:
593:
continuation of slavery. Faced with this growing 'antislavery' movement, slaveholders and their sympathizers began to articulate an explicit defense of slavery.
577:
New York and Pennsylvania emancipation was gradual. By 1810, 75% of Northern slaves had been freed and virtually all were freed within the next generation.
281:
gave a speech to the House of Commons on 10 June 1806 in which he argued that slavery was authorised by Leviticus 25:44-46. Similarly, on 23 February 1807,
1054:
484:
756:
In both Europe and the United States many Christians went further, arguing that slavery was actually justified by the words and doctrines of the Bible.
352:
justifications of slavery were inadequate to justify his practical involvement in the slave trade. He sees this contradiction as ultimately unsolvable:
2469:
768:... it has existed in all ages, has been found among the people of the highest civilization, and in nations of the highest proficiency in the arts.
750:
552:
Until the middle of the 18th century, slavery was practiced with little challenge anywhere in the world. For centuries philosophers as varied as
2872:
2630:
2560:
2533:
2452:
2432:
2408:
2344:
2086:
1934:
1909:
1430:
1255:
1166:
700:
629:
This theory supposes that there must be, and supposedly always has been, a lower class for the upper classes to rest upon: the metaphor of a
126:
movement sought to outlaw slavery, some supporters of slavery used the laws to provide religious justification for the practice of slavery.
59:. It is sometimes found in the thought of ancient philosophers, religious texts, and in American and British writings especially before the
2311:
1362:
2717:
286:
religious arguments, such that the institution of slavery (allegedly) benefited slaves by encouraging them to convert to Christianity.
2781:
2767:
2293:
2258:
2222:
2169:
2111:
2031:
878:
646:
547:
523:
and we not only claim for ourselves the right to determine for ourselves the relations between master and slave, but we insist that
461:
2684:
328:. He rejects the idea that a person could voluntarily consent to enslavement, saying "a man, not having the power of his own life,
2523:
1989:
266:
221:
2550:
45:
113:. The original Israelite slavery laws found in the Hebrew Bible bear some resemblance to the 18th-century BCE slavery laws of
2379:
1489:
Rugemer, Edward B. (2004-05-01). "The Southern Response to British Abolitionism: The Maturation of Proslavery Apologetics".
2867:
2201:
840:
777:
507:
bodies and souls. Southern slave owners said that they were providing what the blacks required, oversight and protection.
1295:
534:
While antebellum proslavery thought is primarily associated with the American South, a minority of Northerners, known as
954:
645:
These and other arguments fought for the rights of the propertied elite against what were perceived as threats from the
500:
477:
415:
395:
2742:
2552:
The Ku Klux Klan: History, Organization, Language, Influence and Activities of America's Most Notorious Secret Society
818:
794:
324:
753:, who played a major role in financing and guiding early Methodism, inherited these slaves and kept them in bondage.
248:, early Islamic philosopher and jurist, wrote in support of slavery, arguing that some people are slaves by nature.
2127:
1743:
1574:
844:
810:
715:
297:, in an essay published in September 1832, quoted approvingly British Foreign Secretary (and later Prime Minister)
301:'s speech to the House of Commons of 16 March 1824 opposing abolition, in which he compared emancipated slaves to
2846:
1720:
1022:
988:
912:
1949:
Piketty, Thomas. "Capital in the Twenty-First Century." Harvard University Press, 2014 067443000X, 9780674430006
806:
217:
1181:
2365:
1572:
James Farr (1986). ""So Vile and Miserable an Estate": The Problem of Slavery in Locke's Political Thought".
863:, who defended slavery as it was practiced in the South because slavery was endorsed by the Bible, and rabbi
185:
wrote that "to discipline and punish ignorant slaves is a great accolade, and not a perchance commendation".
2840:
2360:
992:
969:
921:
830:
391:
340:
is permissible. He also defends the enslavement of those captured in war: "This is the perfect condition of
73:
785:... the right of holding slaves is clearly established in the Holy Scriptures, both by precept and example.
293:
The American proslavery movement drew at times on the British proslavery movement as support. For example,
950:
723:
590:
411:
1282:
39:
1034:
864:
711:
622:
85:'s ancient and medieval religious texts contain numerous laws governing the ownership and treatment of
2852:
760:
was established by decree of Almighty God ... it is sanctioned in the Bible, in both Testaments, from
414:
continued to support Irish self-determination while expressing support for the continued existence of
1149:
860:
565:
143:
2834:
2828:
1686:
1386:
1049:
1039:
742:
664:
650:
614:
573:
496:
488:
294:
258:
1078:
572:, in Great Britain and the United States) which questioned the legitimacy of slavery. Only in the
2394:
1833:
1786:
1737:
1636:
1611:
1603:
1555:
1534:
1506:
1471:
1344:
1120:
1112:
1059:
836:
765:
746:
582:
465:
174:
60:
34:
2659:
1715:
1680:
2777:
2763:
2692:
2626:
2556:
2529:
2448:
2442:
2428:
2404:
2398:
2340:
2334:
2289:
2285:
2254:
2218:
2165:
2161:
2107:
2082:
2027:
1930:
1905:
1825:
1778:
1595:
1463:
1426:
1336:
1251:
1245:
1226:
1162:
907:
734:
660:
419:
387:
372:
2021:
1156:
1817:
1770:
1587:
1498:
1455:
1328:
1270:
1216:
1202:
1104:
927:
882:
680:
457:
30:
1203:"The punishment of slaves in early Christianity: the views of some selected church fathers"
805:
denomination joined forces with conservative Northerners in order to drive the antislavery
2577:
1583:
1302:
1207:
1044:
984:
976:, once stated that "I got news for you niggers. We're on the move too. I don't believe in
802:
773:
761:
618:
337:
182:
173:, the majority opinion was in favour of the moral permissibility of slavery. According to
157:
139:
117:. The regulations changed over time. The Hebrew Bible contained two sets of laws, one for
2815:
1630:
1549:
1528:
987:(D-VA) had been described by contemporaries as an apologist for slavery who invoked the
2500:
2495:
2073:
Paul S. Boyer; Clifford Clark; Joseph F. Kett; Neal Salisbury; Harvard Sitkoff (2007).
1976:
George Whitefield: The Life and Times of the Great Evangelist of the Eighteenth Century
1860:
1729:
1446:
Taylor, Michael (2016-01-02). "British Proslavery Arguments and the Bible, 1823–1833".
1018:
1011:
946:
917:
856:
790:
671:
whose lyrical themes include apologism for the trans-Atlantic slave trade, celebrating
630:
557:
492:
375:
as effectively proposing), not necessarily as a judgement of the Atlantic slave trade.
298:
282:
278:
197:
170:
106:
472:, self-published in 1828 and reprinted three times. In 1846, Matthew Estes published
2861:
2278:
2154:
2075:
1615:
1475:
1348:
1317:"Literary Resistance to the Philosophy of Slavery: Al-Farabi and the Ikhwan Al-Safa'"
1124:
996:
977:
935:
903:
696:
688:
672:
517:
deny that slavery is sinful or inexpedient. We deny that it is wrong in the abstract.
427:
399:
383:
239:
98:
37:, American author, known for opposing the abolitionist movement and her rebuttal to
2280:
Strangers & neighbors: relations between Blacks & Jews in the United States
2156:
Strangers & neighbors: relations between Blacks & Jews in the United States
961:
942:
920:(writing under the pseudonym "J. Philmore") notes parallels with provisions in the
868:
733:
Bible's acceptance of slavery as 'proof' that it was part of the normal condition.
719:
684:
635:
407:
307:
302:
277:
British proslavery thinkers defended slavery on the basis of the Bible. Politician
178:
123:
90:
1459:
939:
though antebellum American slavery was un-Biblical, it was still a positive good.
1420:
519:
We assert that it is the natural condition of man; that there ever has been, and
2816:
The Old Arguments Anew: Proslavery and Antislavery Thought during Reconstruction
1591:
1108:
1003:
890:
692:
527:
whether we take into consideration the interests of the master or of the slave,
205:
201:
1296:
Isis, Boko Haram, and the Human Right to Freedom from Slavery Under Islamic Law
813:
split into Northern and Southern wings over the issue of slavery. In 1845, the
464:
movement in the United States in the late 18th century and early 19th century.
2148:, by Jacob Rader Marcus (Ed.), Wayne State University Press, 1993, pp. 17-19.
656:
561:
319:
235:
190:
186:
110:
102:
2696:
2312:"Jews Mostly Supported Slavery — Or Kept Silent — During Civil War"
1829:
1782:
1599:
1467:
1340:
1230:
741:
of American evangelicalism, supported as necessary due to the climate in the
1651:
1316:
1221:
1144:
973:
553:
535:
245:
135:
114:
1806:"The Defense of Slavery in the Northern Press on the Eve of the Civil War"
1332:
17:
1093:"Politics, Nature, and Necessity: Were Aristotle's Slaves Feeble Minded?"
931:
814:
676:
668:
231:
2242:
What went wrong?: the creation and collapse of the Black-Jewish Alliance
2189:
What went wrong?: the creation and collapse of the Black-Jewish Alliance
1510:
585:
opened up vast new territories ideally suited for a plantation economy.
1837:
1805:
1007:
965:
569:
86:
82:
56:
1963:
Beloved Bethesda : A History of George Whitefield's Home for Boys
1790:
1758:
1607:
1161:. Translated by Carnes Lord. University of Chicago Press. p. 41.
1116:
1092:
601:
2809:
Proslavery: A History of the Defense of Slavery in America, 1701–1840
2718:"Who is Itamar Ben-Gvir, the loyal student of Meir Kahane? - opinion"
2251:
Orthodox Judaism in America: a biographical dictionary and sourcebook
2215:
Orthodox Judaism in America: a biographical dictionary and sourcebook
2104:
The Jews in America: four centuries of an uneasy encounter: a history
2023:
A House Divided: The Antebellum Slavery Debates in America, 1776-1865
1502:
1387:"How did the Abolition Acts of 1807 and 1833 affect the slave trade?"
872:
525:
the slavery of the Southern States is the best regulation of slavery,
476:. A collection of the most important American proslavery articles is
435:
261:
who economically benefited from the continuation of the institution.
118:
94:
2400:
Building God's Kingdom: Inside the World of Christian Reconstruction
1927:
Imagining Slaves and Robots in Literature, Film, and Popular Culture
1821:
346:
the state of war continued, between a lawful conqueror and a captive
2622:
The Farther Shores of Politics: The American Political Fringe Today
2496:"Jack Kershaw Is Dead at 96; Challenged Conviction in King's Death"
2444:
Building Gods Kingdom: Inside the World of Christian Reconstruction
2358:
Philmore, J. "The Libertarian Case for Slavery: A Note on Nozick",
1902:
magining Slaves and Robots in Literature, Film, and Popular Culture
1774:
2525:
Almost President: The Men Who Lost the Race but Changed the Nation
1184:
by Amir Meital and Joseph Agassi, September 2007, researchgate.net
821:
due to disputes with Northern Baptists over slavery and missions.
729:
226:
29:
257:
defenders of slavery were absentee owners of plantations in the
1422:
Proslavery Britain: Fighting for Slavery in an Era of Abolition
910:, whereby persons voluntarily sell themselves into slavery. In
442:"were united in their opposition to the abolition of slavery".
953:, is famous for saying "Somebody needs to say a good word for
274:
formed a subcommittee to organise opposition to abolitionism.
64:
being a time-proven practice by multiple great civilizations.
1682:
A defence of Negro slavery, as it exists in the United States
474:
A defence of Negro slavery, as it exists in the United States
2802:
The American Pageant: A History of the Republic 12th Edition
1759:"Negrophobia in Northern Proslavery and Antislavery Thought"
398:, many of the movement's leading figures went into exile in
2144:*Benjamin, Judah, p. "Slavery and the Civil War: Part II",
2800:
Kennedy, David M., Cohen, Lizabeth, and Bailey, Thomas A.
2647:... I don't believe in segregation, I believe in slavery !
1859:
African Americans and the End of slavery in Massachusetts
995:
in its defense, furthermore stating civilizations such as
972:
from March 1964 to January 1966 and notoriously supported
386:
was a mid-19th century movement in Ireland which espoused
924:
that permit individuals to sell themselves into slavery.
2685:"Republicans Change Portrait, And Democrats Are Furious"
456:
In the United States, proslavery sentiment arose in the
2470:"Blockage sought of I-65 Nathan Bedford Forrest statue"
1025:
had come too soon to "civilize" the African Americans.
418:, which consisted of the racialized chattel slavery of
2795:
Defending Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Old South
2774:
The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln.
2077:
The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People
1861:
http://www.masshist.org/endofslavery/index.php?id=54
871:
and J. M. Michelbacher (both of Virginia), used the
2146:
United States Jewry, 1776-1985: The Germanic Period
999:and Rome were made great through this institution.
568:thought, as well as moral arguments (notably among
394:. Following the suppression of the movement by the
272:
London Society of West India Planters and Merchants
2818:", The Kentucky Review: Vol. 6: No. 1 , Article 2.
2277:
2153:
2074:
89:. Texts that contain such regulations include the
27:Ideology that perceives slavery as a positive good
2576:Rivera, Charles R.; Switzer, Kenneth A. (1976).
1250:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 222–226.
1244:Norman Kretzmann; Eleonore Stump (28 May 1993).
68:Ancient, mediaeval and early modern Jewish views
2106:. Columbia University Press. pp. 111–113.
783:
758:
649:, lower classes, and non-whites to gain higher
513:
452:Slavery as a positive good in the United States
2608:. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. p. 94.
2284:. University of Massachusetts Press. pp.
2160:. University of Massachusetts Press. pp.
902:In the 20th century, the American philosopher
81:are varied both religiously and historically.
8:
2132:Evening Bulletin (Charlotte, North Carolina)
1522:
1520:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
843:generally supported slavery, and those from
491:, South Carolina governor and then senator,
2804:. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001.
2253:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170.
2217:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 170.
2059:Michael Corbett and Julia Corbett Hemeyer,
1635:. Whitmore and Fenn, and C. Brown. p.
1567:
1565:
1554:. Whitmore and Fenn, and C. Brown. p.
1533:. Whitmore and Fenn, and C. Brown. p.
875:(Jewish Bible) to support their arguments.
2061:Politics and Religion in the United States
2026:. Princeton University Press. p. 60.
1990:"I Will Not Be a Velvet-Mouthed Preacher!"
1055:William Harper (South Carolina politician)
487:, a South Carolina jurist and politician,
2528:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 187.
1957:
1955:
1728:. August 29, 1835. p. 1 – via
1220:
2849:, ushistory.org, archived at archive.org
2841:An Overview of Some Proslavery Arguments
2447:. Oxford University Press. p. 223.
2403:, Oxford University Press, p. 205,
600:
2797:. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003.
2555:. McFarland & Company. p. 64.
1071:
751:Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon
737:, who is famed for his sparking of the
2847:27f. The Southern Argument for Slavery
2585:. Hayden Book Company, Inc. p. 99
2494:Martin, Douglas (September 24, 2010).
2427:. Vallecito, Calif: Ross House Books.
1735:
809:out of the denomination. In 1844, the
701:European genocide of Native Americans.
2743:"The Evangelicalization of Orthodoxy"
2191:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 25–26.
1006:introduced legislation into Israel's
7:
2364:, vol. XIV, n. 1, Fall 1982, p. 46;
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
898:Proslavery views in the 20th century
332:, by compact or by his own consent,
200:argued that slavery was not part of
2741:Shanes, Joshua (October 13, 2020).
2683:Seelye, Katharine Q. (1995-01-24).
2625:. Simon and Schuster. p. 106.
2606:Ku Klux Klan - The Invisible Empire
1650:Fanning, Bryan (November 1, 2017).
2441:Julie J. Ingersoll (1 July 2015).
1305:, 39 Fordham Int'l L.J. 245 (2015)
1247:The Cambridge Companion to Aquinas
695:, and favorable depictions of the
25:
2244:. Simon and Schuster. p. 25.
795:South Carolina Baptist Convention
548:Abolitionism in the United States
542:Abolitionism in the United States
470:the most popular proslavery tract
2468:Garrison, Joey (June 22, 2015).
1925:Jerome Hampton, Gregory (2015).
1900:Jerome Hampton, Gregory (2015).
1419:Paula E. Dumas (15 March 2016).
945:, who served as an attorney for
623:Speech to the U.S. Senate (1837)
222:Slavery in 21st-century Islamism
2835:Philosophers justifying slavery
1988:Piper, John (3 February 2009).
1904:. lexington Books. p. 25.
1810:The Journal of Southern History
1716:"The Excitement — The Fanatics"
1491:The Journal of Southern History
155:Plato supported slavery in his
2722:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
2716:Baskin, Gershon (2021-02-17).
2380:The Institutes of Biblical Law
2134:. January 19, 1861. p. 3.
1929:. Lexington Book. p. 25.
1704:. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins.
881:rabbis, including Einhorn and
422:. Newspapers founded by these
138:claimed that some people were
1:
2644:We're on the move too !
1757:Berwanger, Eugene H. (1972).
1460:10.1080/0144039X.2015.1093394
778:Confederate States of America
501:College of William & Mary
460:as a reaction to the growing
344:, which is nothing else, but
325:Second Treatise of Government
2873:Slavery in the United States
2853:Wikiversity:Is slavery good?
2664:www.encyclopediavirginia.org
2522:Farris, Scott (2013-05-07).
2339:, Basic Books, p. 192,
1700:White, Deborah Gray (2013).
960:Robert Creel, who served as
801:In 1837, Southerners in the
495:, an Alabama physician, and
446:American proslavery movement
416:slavery in the United States
402:. There, many Young Ireland
396:Dublin Castle administration
242:in parts of Syria and Iraq.
46:The Planter's Northern Bride
2829:Attempts to justify slavery
2760:American Slavery 1619-1877.
2048:Readings in Baptist History
1804:Perkins, Howard C. (1943).
1702:Freedom on My Mind: To 1885
1632:Two treatises of government
1592:10.1177/0090591786014002005
1551:Two treatises of government
1530:Two treatises of government
1201:De Wet, C.L. (2016-10-17).
1109:10.1177/0090591799027002003
1091:Goodey, C.F. (April 1999).
847:generally opposed slavery.
819:Southern Baptist Convention
529:that has ever been devised.
521:there ever will be slavery;
252:British proslavery movement
2889:
2814:Smith, John David (1986) "
2660:"Civil Rights Act of 1964"
2425:Politics of guilt and pity
2423:Rushdoony, Rousas (1995).
2383:, vol. 1, p. 137
2336:Anarchy, State, and Utopia
2249:Sherman, Moshe D. (1996).
2213:Sherman, Moshe D. (1996).
2102:Hertzberg, Arthur (1998).
1890:Wilentz (2005) pp. 218-220
852:Charlotte Evening Bulletin
828:
811:Methodist Episcopal Church
716:Christian views on slavery
709:
574:American Revolutionary War
545:
449:
348:" (emphasis in original).
234:extremist groups, such as
215:
71:
2314:. The Forward Association
2310:Yellis, Ken (July 2013).
2276:Adams, Maurianne (1999).
2240:Friedman, Murray (2007).
2187:Friedman, Murray (2007).
2152:Adams, Maurianne (1999).
2128:"The Hebrews and Slavery"
2020:Mason I. Lowance (2003).
1425:. Palgrave Macmillan US.
1321:Philosophy and Literature
1315:Loevy, Katharine (2020).
1023:Emancipation Proclamation
980:. I believe in slavery."
913:Anarchy, State and Utopia
322:discusses slavery in his
2549:Newton, Michael (2007).
1881:Kolchin (2003) pp. 65-68
1850:Kolchin (2003) pp. 63-64
817:in the South formed the
807:New School Presbyterians
483:(1853). The authors are
238:in northern Nigeria and
218:Islamic views on slavery
43:in the proslavery novel
2619:Thayer, George (1967).
2377:R.J. Rushdoony (1973),
2361:The Philosophical Forum
1679:Estes, Matthew (1846).
1584:Sage Publications, Inc.
1448:Slavery & Abolition
1222:10.4314/actat.v23i1S.13
1081:, collinsdictionary.com
970:United Klans of America
922:Institutes of Justinian
906:defended the notion of
888:Ken Yellis, writing in
831:Jewish views on slavery
105:, and the 16th-century
79:Jewish views on slavery
74:Jewish views on slavery
2333:Robert Nozick (2013),
1742:: CS1 maint: others (
1182:Slaves in Plato's Laws
951:Martin Luther King Jr.
799:
782:
749:which he established.
724:Curse and mark of Cain
606:
532:
379:Young Ireland movement
368:
177:, God approved of the
153:
49:
1724:. Reprinted from the
1656:Irish Review of Books
1391:The National Archives
1363:"Pro-slavery sources"
1333:10.1353/phl.2020.0020
1035:Albert Taylor Bledsoe
829:Further information:
712:The Bible and slavery
710:Further information:
706:Proslavery Christians
611:Mudsill Speech (1858)
604:
538:, also supported it.
354:
216:Further information:
165:Early Christian views
148:
33:
2868:Proslavery activists
2843:, libertarianism.org
2604:Lowe, David (1967).
2081:. Cengage Learning.
1872:Kolchin (2003) p. 78
1726:Washington Telegraph
1629:John Locke (1821) .
1548:John Locke (1821) .
1527:John Locke (1821) .
1294:Bernard K. Freamon,
1002:In the 1980s, Rabbi
861:Morris Jacob Raphall
597:Political proslavery
1687:Montgomery, Alabama
1050:James Henry Hammond
1040:Thomas Roderick Dew
841:the Southern states
743:Province of Georgia
651:standards of living
615:James Henry Hammond
605:James Henry Hammond
499:, president of the
497:Thomas Roderick Dew
489:James Henry Hammond
412:Thomas D'Arcy McGee
295:Thomas Roderick Dew
259:British West Indies
130:Ancient Greek views
97:, the 12th-century
2689:The New York Times
2395:Julie J. Ingersoll
1974:Arnold Dallimore,
1961:Edward J. Cashin,
1652:"Slaves to a Myth"
1301:2016-01-14 at the
1155:Aristotle (1985).
1153:, 1254b16–21; in:
1060:Mildred Rutherford
949:, the assassin of
747:Bethesda Orphanage
607:
583:Louisiana Purchase
466:Zephaniah Kingsley
267:British parliament
134:Greek philosopher
61:American Civil War
50:
35:Caroline Lee Hentz
2793:Finkelman, Paul.
2632:978-0-671-20068-8
2562:978-0-7864-2787-1
2535:978-0-7627-8421-9
2454:978-0-19-991379-4
2434:978-1-879998-07-0
2410:978-0-19-991378-7
2346:978-0-465-06374-1
2202:Rodriguez, p. 385
2088:978-0-618-80161-9
1936:978-0-7391-9146-0
1911:978-0-7391-9146-0
1432:978-1-137-55858-9
1271:Islam and Slavery
1257:978-0-521-43769-1
1168:978-0-226-02670-1
1021:claimed that the
930:, an adherent of
908:voluntary slavery
839:era, rabbis from
735:George Whitefield
661:white supremacist
468:is the author of
420:African Americans
390:in opposition to
388:Irish nationalism
373:absolute monarchy
40:Uncle Tom’s Cabin
16:(Redirected from
2880:
2762:(2003 revision)
2758:Kolchin, Peter.
2751:
2750:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2584:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2438:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2374:
2368:
2366:available online
2356:
2350:
2349:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2283:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2245:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2210:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2159:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2070:
2064:
2057:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2017:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1994:February 3, 2009
1985:
1979:
1978:(1980), Volume 2
1972:
1966:
1959:
1950:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1733:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1575:Political Theory
1569:
1560:
1559:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1503:10.2307/27648398
1486:
1480:
1479:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1416:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1312:
1306:
1292:
1286:
1283:Slavery in Islam
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1198:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1097:Political Theory
1088:
1082:
1076:
934:, believed that
928:Rousas Rushdoony
883:Michael Heilprin
797:
780:
728:Passages in the
681:authoritarianism
591:Southern states'
511:there ever was:
458:Antebellum South
338:capital offences
140:slaves by nature
21:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2858:
2857:
2825:
2807:Tise, Larry E.
2790:
2788:Further reading
2772:Wilentz, Sean.
2755:
2754:
2747:Tablet Magazine
2740:
2739:
2735:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2701:
2699:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2633:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2440:
2435:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2296:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2248:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2172:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2063:(1999), page 95
2058:
2054:
2050:(2008), page 82
2045:
2041:
2034:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1822:10.2307/2197662
1803:
1802:
1798:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1734:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1418:
1417:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1303:Wayback Machine
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1208:Acta Theologica
1200:
1199:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1154:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1045:George Fitzhugh
1031:
985:Howard W. Smith
983:Representative
900:
833:
827:
825:Proslavery Jews
798:
789:
781:
774:Jefferson Davis
772:
739:Great Awakening
726:
708:
619:John C. Calhoun
599:
550:
544:
454:
448:
381:
364:Locke knew this
334:enslave himself
317:
254:
224:
214:
183:John Chrysostom
167:
132:
76:
70:
55:is support for
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2886:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2824:
2823:External links
2821:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2770:
2753:
2752:
2733:
2708:
2675:
2651:
2641:nigger !
2631:
2611:
2596:
2568:
2561:
2541:
2534:
2514:
2501:New York Times
2486:
2474:The Tennessean
2460:
2453:
2433:
2415:
2409:
2386:
2369:
2351:
2345:
2325:
2302:
2294:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2246:
2230:
2223:
2205:
2194:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2137:
2119:
2112:
2094:
2087:
2065:
2052:
2039:
2032:
2012:
2006:
1980:
1967:
1951:
1942:
1935:
1917:
1910:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1852:
1843:
1816:(4): 501–531.
1796:
1775:10.2307/273527
1769:(3): 266–275.
1749:
1730:newspapers.com
1707:
1692:
1671:
1642:
1621:
1561:
1540:
1516:
1497:(2): 221–248.
1481:
1454:(1): 139–158.
1438:
1431:
1402:
1378:
1354:
1327:(2): 237–254.
1307:
1287:
1275:
1273:, brandeis.edu
1263:
1256:
1236:
1186:
1174:
1167:
1137:
1103:(2): 203–224.
1083:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1019:Avigdor Miller
1012:Nuremberg Laws
989:Ancient Greeks
947:James Earl Ray
918:David Ellerman
899:
896:
857:Judah Benjamin
826:
823:
791:Richard Furman
787:
770:
707:
704:
631:mudsill theory
598:
595:
558:Thomas Aquinas
546:Main article:
543:
540:
493:J. Marion Sims
485:William Harper
450:Main article:
447:
444:
426:, such as the
380:
377:
316:
313:
299:George Canning
283:George Hibbert
279:Isaac Gascoyne
253:
250:
213:
210:
198:Thomas Aquinas
189:condemned the
171:Church Fathers
166:
163:
131:
128:
107:Shulchan Aruch
72:Main article:
69:
66:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2885:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2782:0-393-05820-4
2779:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2768:0-8090-1630-3
2765:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2734:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2600:
2597:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2545:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2518:
2515:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2487:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2326:
2313:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2295:1-55849-236-4
2291:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2272:
2269:
2262:
2260:0-313-24316-6
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2224:0-313-24316-6
2220:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2173:
2171:1-55849-236-4
2167:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2113:0-231-10841-9
2109:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2033:0-691-00227-4
2029:
2025:
2024:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1721:The Liberator
1717:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1672:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
997:Ancient Egypt
994:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
937:
936:Old Testament
933:
929:
925:
923:
919:
915:
914:
909:
905:
904:Robert Nozick
897:
895:
893:
892:
886:
884:
880:
876:
874:
870:
866:
865:David Einhorn
862:
858:
853:
850:In 1861, the
848:
846:
842:
838:
832:
824:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
796:
793:, President,
792:
786:
779:
776:, President,
775:
769:
767:
763:
757:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
725:
721:
717:
713:
705:
703:
702:
698:
697:Conquistadors
694:
690:
689:miscegenation
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:the Holocaust
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
652:
648:
647:abolitionists
643:
639:
637:
632:
627:
624:
620:
616:
612:
603:
596:
594:
592:
586:
584:
578:
575:
571:
567:
566:Enlightenment
563:
559:
555:
549:
541:
539:
537:
531:
530:
526:
522:
518:
512:
508:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
453:
445:
443:
441:
440:American Celt
437:
433:
429:
428:New York City
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:North America
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:Young Ireland
378:
376:
374:
367:
365:
360:
359:Two Treatises
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:
321:
314:
312:
310:
309:
304:
300:
296:
291:
287:
284:
280:
275:
273:
268:
262:
260:
251:
249:
247:
243:
241:
240:Islamic State
237:
233:
230:practiced by
228:
223:
219:
212:Islamic views
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
164:
162:
160:
159:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
129:
127:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:Mishneh Torah
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
67:
65:
62:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:
41:
36:
32:
19:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2773:
2759:
2746:
2736:
2725:. Retrieved
2721:
2711:
2700:. Retrieved
2688:
2678:
2667:. Retrieved
2663:
2654:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2621:
2614:
2605:
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2578:
2571:
2551:
2544:
2524:
2517:
2505:. Retrieved
2499:
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2473:
2463:
2443:
2424:
2418:
2399:
2389:
2378:
2372:
2359:
2354:
2335:
2328:
2316:. Retrieved
2305:
2279:
2271:
2250:
2241:
2233:
2214:
2208:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2155:
2145:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2103:
2097:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2022:
2015:
2009:
1997:. Retrieved
1993:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1945:
1926:
1920:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1855:
1846:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1725:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1695:
1681:
1674:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:
1655:
1645:
1631:
1624:
1579:
1573:
1550:
1543:
1529:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1421:
1394:. Retrieved
1390:
1381:
1370:. Retrieved
1366:
1357:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1290:
1278:
1266:
1246:
1239:
1212:
1206:
1177:
1158:The Politics
1157:
1148:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1100:
1096:
1086:
1074:
1016:
1001:
982:
962:Grand Dragon
959:
943:Jack Kershaw
941:
926:
911:
901:
889:
887:
879:Abolitionist
877:
869:Isaac Leeser
851:
849:
834:
803:Presbyterian
800:
784:
759:
755:
738:
727:
720:Curse of Ham
685:antisemitism
655:
644:
640:
636:civilization
628:
610:
608:
587:
579:
551:
533:
528:
524:
520:
516:
514:
509:
505:
478:
473:
462:anti-slavery
455:
439:
431:
423:
408:John Mitchel
403:
392:British rule
382:
369:
363:
358:
355:
350:
345:
341:
333:
329:
323:
318:
308:Frankenstein
306:
303:Mary Shelley
292:
288:
276:
263:
255:
244:
225:
196:
168:
156:
154:
149:
133:
124:abolitionist
91:Hebrew Bible
78:
77:
52:
51:
44:
38:
2589:January 28,
2507:January 29,
2439:. Cited in
2046:Joe Early,
1999:10 December
1658:(article).
1586:: 263–289.
1285:, bbc.co.uk
1004:Meir Kahane
978:segregation
891:The Forward
693:queerphobia
663:propaganda
609:The famous
206:fall of man
202:natural law
191:Marcionites
2862:Categories
2727:2023-10-06
2702:2022-01-28
2669:2020-04-03
2479:January 5,
1665:2018-11-11
1396:2020-01-31
1372:2020-01-31
1215:(1): 263.
1130:2 December
1079:proslavery
1066:References
766:Revelation
667:band from
657:Arghoslent
562:John Locke
536:doughfaces
320:John Locke
315:John Locke
236:Boko Haram
187:Tertullian
169:Among the
111:Yosef Karo
103:Maimonides
53:Proslavery
18:Proslavery
2697:0362-4331
1830:0022-4642
1783:0031-8906
1738:cite news
1616:145020766
1600:0090-5917
1476:146939724
1468:0144-039X
1367:www.bl.uk
1349:229355738
1341:1086-329X
1231:1015-8758
1145:Aristotle
1125:154910309
974:Goldwater
845:the North
837:Civil War
665:melodeath
554:Aristotle
246:Al-Farabi
175:Augustine
136:Aristotle
119:Canaanite
115:Hammurabi
109:by rabbi
101:by rabbi
2579:Violence
2397:(2015),
2318:19 March
1511:27648398
1299:Archived
1150:Politics
1029:See also
968:for the
932:theonomy
815:Baptists
788:—
771:—
677:eugenics
669:Virginia
638:itself.
434:and the
406:such as
232:Islamist
179:flogging
144:Politics
2776:(2005)
2162:190–194
1838:2197662
1008:Knesset
966:Alabama
955:slavery
835:In the
762:Genesis
687:, anti-
589:to the
570:Quakers
438:-based
430:-based
424:émigrés
404:émigrés
342:slavery
83:Judaism
57:slavery
2811:, 2004
2780:
2766:
2695:
2629:
2559:
2532:
2451:
2431:
2407:
2343:
2292:
2286:190–94
2257:
2221:
2168:
2110:
2085:
2030:
1965:(2001)
1933:
1908:
1836:
1828:
1791:273527
1789:
1781:
1763:Phylon
1614:
1608:191463
1606:
1598:
1509:
1474:
1466:
1429:
1347:
1339:
1254:
1229:
1165:
1123:
1117:191829
1115:
1017:Rabbi
993:Romans
873:Tanakh
722:, and
675:, pro-
659:are a
560:, and
436:Boston
432:Nation
330:cannot
95:Talmud
93:, the
87:slaves
2837:, BBC
2831:, BBC
2583:(PDF)
1834:JSTOR
1787:JSTOR
1612:S2CID
1604:JSTOR
1582:(2).
1507:JSTOR
1472:S2CID
1345:S2CID
1121:S2CID
1113:JSTOR
730:Bible
227:Islam
2778:ISBN
2764:ISBN
2693:ISSN
2627:ISBN
2591:2022
2557:ISBN
2530:ISBN
2509:2018
2481:2018
2449:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2405:ISBN
2341:ISBN
2320:2015
2290:ISBN
2255:ISBN
2219:ISBN
2166:ISBN
2108:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2028:ISBN
2001:2013
1931:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1826:ISSN
1779:ISSN
1744:link
1596:ISSN
1464:ISSN
1427:ISBN
1337:ISSN
1252:ISBN
1227:ISSN
1163:ISBN
1132:2020
991:and
699:and
617:and
515:e...
410:and
220:and
158:Laws
2639:you
1818:doi
1771:doi
1660:102
1588:doi
1556:207
1535:206
1499:doi
1456:doi
1329:doi
1217:doi
1105:doi
964:of
957:."
764:to
621:'s
613:of
480:Dew
305:'s
2864::
2745:.
2720:.
2691:.
2687:.
2662:.
2635:.
2498:.
2472:.
2288:.
2164:.
2130:.
1992:.
1954:^
1832:.
1824:.
1812:.
1808:.
1785:.
1777:.
1767:33
1765:.
1761:.
1740:}}
1736:{{
1718:.
1685:.
1654:.
1610:.
1602:.
1594:.
1580:14
1578:.
1564:^
1519:^
1505:.
1495:70
1493:.
1470:.
1462:.
1452:37
1450:.
1405:^
1389:.
1365:.
1343:.
1335:.
1325:44
1323:.
1319:.
1225:.
1213:23
1211:.
1205:.
1189:^
1147:,
1119:.
1111:.
1101:27
1099:.
1095:.
1014:.
718:,
714:,
691:,
683:,
679:,
556:,
503:.
311:.
161:.
146::
2749:.
2730:.
2705:.
2672:.
2593:.
2565:.
2538:.
2511:.
2483:.
2457:.
2437:.
2322:.
2298:.
2263:.
2227:.
2174:.
2116:.
2091:.
2036:.
2003:.
1939:.
1914:.
1863:,
1840:.
1820::
1814:9
1793:.
1773::
1746:)
1732:.
1689:.
1668:.
1639:.
1637:1
1618:.
1590::
1558:.
1537:.
1513:.
1501::
1478:.
1458::
1435:.
1399:.
1375:.
1351:.
1331::
1260:.
1233:.
1219::
1171:.
1134:.
1107::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
