308:...attention has been focused on the decision of the Home Office not to publish, in advance of an imminent attack, the pamphlet entitled "Protect and Survive". It is not a secret pamphlet, and there is no mystery about it. It has been available to all local authorities and chief police and fire officers and to those who have attended courses at the Home Defence College at Easingwold. It has been shown to interested members of parliament and to journalists. It has not been published, for the simple reason that it was produced for distribution at a time of grave international crisis when war seemed imminent, and it was calculated that it would have the greatest impact if distributed then.
223:, Proceedings of the Symposium held at Washington, D.C., 19–23 April 1965, by the Subcommittee on Protective Structures, Advisory Committee on Civil Defense, US National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council. The fallout radiation was represented by measurements of the penetration of cobalt-60 gamma radiation, which has a high mean energy of 1.25 MeV (two gamma rays, 1.17 and 1.33 MeV). This is considerably more penetrating than the mean 0.7 MeV of fallout gamma rays. Therefore, the actual protection given against real nuclear weapon fallout would be far greater than that afforded in the peacetime cobalt-60 shielding measurements.
32:
145:. The series had originally been intended for distribution only in the event of dire national emergency, but provoked such intense public interest that the pamphlet was published, in slightly amended form, in 1980. Due to its controversial subject, and the nature of its publication, the cultural impact of
245:
During the exchange of correspondence between the BBC and various government departments, several letters seem to suggest that a booklet for public consumption was already being discussed. In a letter from the
Central Office of Information, dated 12 March 1974, a request for information from The Home
836:
A collection of recordings for radio transmission were produced as part of the programme. These differ slightly from the films in that the voice was provided not by
Patrick Allen, but by both male and female voices. In addition, certain portions of the instructional copy are changed slightly. While
237:
During the early 1970s, the BBC and the Home Office produced a radio script advising the public of what to do in the event of nuclear attack. This was eventually published in
October 2008 on the BBC's website, with the full correspondence made available to the public via The National Archives. The
336:
protested that the pamphlet, by popularising the idea that a nuclear war could be survived, made such a war more likely. The protest organisations published and sold large numbers of copies of the pamphlet, considering that widespread reading of the pamphlet could only discredit the government's
180:
in 1963. This document, of which 500,000 copies were made, garnered considerable public and government criticism when it was first released for its lack of explanations or conveyance of the reasoning behind the advice that was given. The
Estimates Committee were similarly bemused by the advice,
363:
for householders; despite the booklet's later prominence in
British culture, the campaign was originally conceived as being broadcast-led, with the booklet confirmed later. The scheme was not intended to be made public during peacetime, and would only have been broadcast if a nuclear attack was
250:
Meanwhile I should be grateful if you could let me have a copy of your revised advice to the householder. I will assume that this will form the text of the
Official Announcement and that what Probert is discussing with your Information Division is the production of a booklet on public
428:
992:
booklet appears on-screen during the episode as characters hide ineffectively under clothed tables and paint themselves white to deflect the blast, parodying its instructions on creating an "inner refuge" and whitewashing one's windows, respectively. The
364:
deemed likely by the
Government during an international crisis. The information detailed a series of steps recommended to be undertaken by British civilians to improve their chances of survival in the event of a nuclear strike on the United Kingdom.
269:
376:
booklet was prepared in 1976, and some 2,000 copies were printed and secretly issued to chief executives of local authorities and senior police officers. Its existence having been brought to public attention by the
521:. It featured two high- and low-pitched melodies coming together "like people". So great was the secrecy around production that Limb handed over his tapes to producer Bruce Allen in an alley.
486:, and were ready for use by at least 1975. They are similar in content to the booklets, detailing the same instructions using voice-over narration, sound effects, and a combination of simple
498:
was chosen to narrate. His voiceover was later described as "the calm, clipped vowels of a male announcer, advising how to build shelters, avoid fallout, and wrap up your dead loved ones in
185:
meetings in which they responded to all the points of criticism that were raised. The 1963 pamphlet was then accompanied by a series of public information films produced in 1964, called
1485:
255:
This was replied to on 15 March 1974 by the Home Office, clearly stating that such a booklet was being produced, and that they were also targeting the same information at television:
259:
It seems likely a basic booklet will be produced... we expect rather more attention to be paid to the dissemination of this advice through other media, in particular television.
1306:
1918:
1636:
2003:
1910:
1730:
1513:
2013:
296:
leader on 19 January 1980 which noted that: "In
Britain, a Home Office booklet "Protect and Survive" remains unavailable." Following this unexpected publicity for
385:
bookshops. During peacetime, the booklet was priced at 50 pence, but would be widely distributed freely to all households in the United
Kingdom if the threat of a
453:, intended for transmission on all television channels if the government determined that nuclear attack was likely within 72 hours. However, recordings leaked to
1278:
1440:
312:
The
Minister then went on to say the Home Office had received over 200 letters from the public on civil defence. Following the press and parliamentary focus on
1998:
843:, during the scene where the character of Bill Kemp is discussing removing internal doors to use for their shelter, this is in fact re-recorded by an actor.
1768:
1888:
353:
scheme was to provide members of the British public with instructions, primarily via broadcast media, on how to protect themselves and survive a
1881:
1735:
1153:
1106:
182:
2028:
2023:
1988:
1609:
1226:
1045:
879:
49:
215:
was based on 1960s fallout shelter experiments summarised by Daniel T. Jones of the Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch in his report,
1668:
945:
382:
1797:
917:
contains a song called "Protect and Survive". More recently, the campaign's logo can be seen turned sideways on the cover of the 1997 "
2043:
1952:
1147:
1142:
926:
187:
2008:
1643:
115:
933:
score set over a drum-heavy track with live performances incorporating visual elements taken from the government information film.
851:
The programme created a substantial impact upon the popular culture of the UK of the early 1980s, most notably in music. Rock band
137:. Produced by the British government between 1974 and 1980, it intended to advise the public on how to protect themselves during a
96:
2038:
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1942:
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333:
20:
68:
950:
1993:
1978:
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53:
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series. In particular, it emphasised the need for citizens to remain in their homes, and not to try to evacuate elsewhere.
75:
971:
refers to one of the inner refuge designs mentioned in the leaflets and to the public information films and radio tapes.
2018:
1489:
1112:
967:
957:
programme. The leaflet series became the subject of detailed and scholarly criticism from anti-nuclear authors (such as
232:
1321:
1983:
1444:
82:
435:
end credit seen at the end of each film accompanied by a circle animation and electronic musical phrase composed by
980:
482:
404:
The contents of the booklets would also be printed in national newspapers if the risk of nuclear attack increased.
279:
was formally published in May 1980, but had come to the public's attention before that via a series of articles in
1366:
164:. These advised the homeowner on what to do in the event of air attack. This evolved as the nature of warfare and
42:
1101:
1053:
985:
896:
503:
401:, for the design and construction of long-term and permanent shelters, some of which involved elaborate designs.
64:
514:
208:, in a scene where they were distributed to people's homes. The 1964 bulletins were not depicted in the film.
1322:"Architects of Armageddon: the Home Office Scientific Advisers' Branch and civil defence in Britain, 1945–68"
341:
and "Civil Defence, whose Defence" by the Disarmament Information Group replied to the pamphlet's arguments.
1740:
1026:
446:
142:
1538:
Thompson, K, Nonhebel, G. (1979) 'Reviving Civil Defence (Letters to the Editor)' The Times, 29 Nov, p. 17
1242:
450:
1600:
1217:
1118:
884:
857:
495:
491:
487:
1415:
1525:
Evans, P. (1980) 'Civil defence-1: Government to give greater priority to protect millions of people'
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905:
463:
1905:
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was also printed in November 1981 by the Home Office, which attempted to defend the reasons for
1672:
1605:
1300:
1222:
1089:
914:
887:, who narrated the associated public information films, recreated this narration for the 1984
217:
The Protection Against Fallout Radiation Afforded by Core Shelters in a Typical British House
1805:
1769:"Here come the bombs: the making of Threads, the nuclear war film that shocked a generation"
1333:
1167:
910:
888:
870:
390:
381:, a slightly revised edition of the booklet was printed in 1980, and made available through
1947:
1901:
1473:
1367:"U.K. Home Office Scientific Advisory Branch 'Protect and Survive' civil defence research"
1058:
427:
285:
newspaper in January 1980. This wave of interest had been preceded by numerous letters to
1876:
1830:
359:
958:
937:
874:
389:
increased. This was complemented in 1981 by two booklets regarding the construction of
386:
354:
138:
289:
in December 1979 questioning what Civil Defence arrangements were in place in the UK.
1972:
1773:
1469:
1345:
941:
900:
862:
416:
196:
141:. The campaign comprised a pamphlet, newspaper advertisements, radio broadcasts, and
134:
513:
Each episode concluded with a distinctive electronic musical phrase composed by the
1127:
918:
476:
338:
304:, responding on the subject in the House of Commons on 20 February 1980 said that:
301:
204:
1388:
268:
165:
31:
1959:
1926:
1337:
1159:
930:
892:
518:
510:", announcing "Mine is the last voice you will ever hear. Do not be alarmed".
507:
436:
357:. The broadcasts were to be supplemented by a booklet, which was to act as an
320:
programme which focused on the campaign, the government chose to publish the
1465:
1077:
1064:
922:
837:
it has been speculated that a small portion of these recordings is heard in
499:
281:
200:
474:
The films were produced by Richard Taylor Cartoons, who also produced the
502:, bury them, and tag their bodies." He later parodied the recordings for
169:
1857:
1283:
1073:
149:
was greater and longer-lasting than most public information campaigns.
181:
calling for its withdrawal. Civil defence personnel were summoned to
160:
had its origins in civil defence leaflets dating back to 1938, titled
1694:
1547:
Chambers, D. (1979) 'Reviving Civil Defence (Letters to the Editor)'
866:
1796:
Home Office; Central Office of Information; Allen, Patrick (1980).
903:
recorded a song called “Protect and Survive” on their 1987 record,
1624:
953:, radio and stage play) obliquely mentions various aspects of the
426:
267:
195:. Pamphlets similar to those prepared in 1963 briefly appeared in
1572:, (1980), Revision of pamphlet on UK civil defence, 22 Feb, p. 10
855:
recorded a song called "Protect and Survive" on their 1980 album
929:
recorded the track "Protect and Survive" using samples from the
1253:
1243:"Advising the Householder on Protection Against Nuclear Attack"
1843:
994:
458:
454:
25:
1934:
Advising the Householder on Protection Against Nuclear Attack
178:
Advising the Householder on Protection against Nuclear Attack
1279:"CIVIL DEFENCE (HANDBOOK No. 10) (Hansard, 2 December 1963)"
337:
policy. Counter-pamphlets such as "Protest and Survive" by
1560:
The Times, (1980), A Lethal Failure of Duty, 18 Jan, p. 13
238:
script used very similar language and style to the later
1936:, a public information campaign that was a precursor to
1287:. 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014
1858:"Kelvedon Hatch Secret Nuclear Bunker Official Website"
445:
was adapted for television as a series of twenty short
873:
recorded the track "Protest and Survive", named after
1831:
sound recording 22202 (Central Office of Information)
1416:"BBC transcript to be used in wake of nuclear attack"
637:"Materials to Use for Your Fall-out Room and Refuge"
1695:"Protect and Survive: Civil Defence: Why We Need It"
1762:
1760:
1758:
397:, with techniques for building a home shelter, and
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1719:. 10 March 1980. British Broadcasting Corporation.
1048:in Essex. Other copies are shown on loops at the
246:Office about a proposed booklet read as follows:
191:. These films were intended to be broadcast in a
1669:"Protect and Survive: Domestic Nuclear Shelters"
1305:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
877:'s anti-nuclear manifesto, for their 1982 album
1194:"The Protection of Your Home Against Air Raids"
1033:is seen viewing one of the information videos.
306:
257:
248:
1890:Domestic Nuclear Shelters - Technical Guidance
1390:Protective Structures for Civilian Populations
1326:The British Journal for the History of Science
399:Domestic Nuclear Shelters – Technical Guidance
221:Protective Structures for Civilian Populations
1072:material, including a themed overhaul of the
1062:, a highly-publicized mod for the video game
825:Advice on casualty care and mortuary actions
162:The Protection of Your Home Against Air Raids
8:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1410:
1408:
480:child safety films and children's animation
300:, The Minister of State at the Home Office,
1187:
1185:
1183:
961:), who produced a counterargument entitled
2004:Emergency management in the United Kingdom
1798:"Protect and Survive [Main Title]"
1893:(Several versions included in collection)
1332:(2). Cambridge Journals Online: 149–180.
651:"Make Your Fall-out Room and Refuge Now"
272:Photo of the Protect and Survive pamphlet
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1509:
1507:
1076:featuring similar animations in lieu of
573:Attack, fall-out and all-clear warnings
523:
16:1974–1980 UK public information campaign
1488:. The National Archives. Archived from
1443:. The National Archives. Archived from
1179:
978:was lampooned in the television series
2014:Cold War history of the United Kingdom
1604:. Four Corners Books. pp. 25–28.
1486:"DocumentsOnline | Image Details"
1298:
1221:. Four Corners Books. pp. 14–17.
1107:Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom
1068:, includes multiple references to the
1040:is shown on a loop underground at the
1009:Make Your Fall-out Room and Refuge Now
461:, who broadcast excerpts from them on
407:In response to extensive criticism of
1581:HC Deb 20 February 1980 vol 979 cc628
581:"What to Do When the Warnings Sound"
316:, as well as an episode of the BBC's
133:was a public information campaign on
7:
1731:"Protect & Survive – Casualties"
1046:Kelvedon Hatch Secret Nuclear Bunker
1003:featured four of the series' films:
880:Hear Nothing See Nothing Say Nothing
665:"What to Put in Your Fall-out Room"
467:on 10 March 1980, shortly after the
54:adding citations to reliable sources
1999:Films about nuclear war and weapons
1953:Civil Defence Information Bulletins
965:Louise Lawrence's children's novel
601:Techniques for sheltering in place
188:Civil Defence Information Bulletins
19:For the Doctor Who audio play, see
1148:List of films about nuclear issues
1143:List of books about nuclear issues
727:Expedient firefighting techniques
685:Detailed "immediate action" drill
14:
1922:. Video from the National Archive
1914:. Video from the National Archive
797:Safeguarding and rationing water
749:"Life Under Fall-out Conditions"
1466:BBC nuclear bomb script released
1042:Hack Green Secret Nuclear Bunker
334:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
211:The fallout radiation advice in
30:
21:Protect and Survive (audio play)
1625:http://www.jcmullen.fr/CDWD.pdf
1284:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
735:"The Importance of Your Radio"
553:"Nuclear Explosions Explained"
41:needs additional citations for
1767:Rogers, Jude (17 March 2018).
925:. Also, London post-rock band
741:Portable radio as a vital aid
713:Makeshift toilet arrangements
643:Radiation shielding materials
534:
469:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
1:
1844:"Hack Green Official Website"
1369:. blogspot.com. 1 August 2006
763:"What to Do After an Attack"
413:Civil Defence: Why We Need It
2029:1980s British animated films
2024:1970s British animated films
1989:British animated short films
1113:Survival Under Atomic Attack
292:This was then followed by a
233:Wartime Broadcasting Service
227:Wartime Broadcasting Service
927:Public Service Broadcasting
629:Building an "inner refuge"
609:"Choosing a Fall-out Room"
264:Publication of the pamphlet
2060:
755:Survival during an attack
559:Effects of atomic weapons
483:Crystal Tipps and Alistair
332:Organizations such as the
230:
18:
2044:British educational films
1883:Domestic Nuclear Shelters
1472:reads it in the style of
1338:10.1017/S0007087409990392
1102:Preparing for Emergencies
897:Frankie Goes To Hollywood
587:"Immediate action" drill
504:Frankie Goes To Hollywood
395:Domestic Nuclear Shelters
199:' controversial 1965 BBC
2009:Public information films
1804:. London. Archived from
1516:at The National Archives
679:"Action After Warnings"
657:Preparing for an attack
515:BBC Radiophonic Workshop
447:public information films
176:in 1957, and later into
143:public information films
2039:1980s educational films
2034:1970s educational films
1833:. Retrieved 1 July 2012
1441:"The National Archives"
1320:Smith, Melissa (2010).
699:Provisions for 14 days
219:which was published in
915:self-titled 1994 album
439:
310:
273:
261:
253:
1994:Social guidance films
1979:Cold War broadcasting
1912:Action After Warnings
1736:The National Archives
1715:"If the Bomb Drops".
1637:"Protect and Survive"
1601:Nuclear War in the UK
1598:Young, Taras (2019).
1218:Nuclear War in the UK
1215:Young, Taras (2019).
1013:Action After Warnings
615:Choosing a safe room
430:
324:booklet in May 1980.
271:
65:"Protect and Survive"
1802:Imperial War Museums
1050:Imperial War Museums
1044:in Cheshire and the
1036:The full version of
968:Children of the Dust
963:Protest and Survive.
906:25 Years Celebration
791:"Water Consumption"
769:Post-attack actions
50:improve this article
2019:1975 animated films
1938:Protect and Survive
1906:Imperial War Museum
1827:Imperial War Museum
1154:Protect and Survive
1070:Protect and Survive
1038:Protect and Survive
990:Protect and Survive
976:Protect and Survive
955:Protect and Survive
946:When the Wind Blows
909:. Heavy metal band
805:"Food Consumption"
721:"Fire Precautions"
671:Essential supplies
530:
527:Protect and Survive
443:Protect and Survive
433:Protect and Survive
409:Protect and Survive
374:Protect and Survive
351:Protect and Survive
349:The purpose of the
322:Protect and Survive
314:Protect and Survive
298:Protect and Survive
277:Protect and Survive
240:Protect and Survive
213:Protect and Survive
172:updated first into
158:Protect and Survive
147:Protect and Survive
130:Protect and Survive
1984:Cold War documents
1829:Collection Search
1808:on 18 October 2023
1492:on 23 October 2008
1196:. Internet Archive
1096:Fallout Protection
949:(later adapted as
899:. Irish folk band
783:Essential hygiene
777:"Sanitation Care"
524:
440:
328:Political reaction
274:
193:state of emergency
168:changed, with the
1675:on 4 January 2012
1611:978-1-909829-16-9
1447:on 2 January 2011
1228:978-1-909829-16-9
1090:Transition to war
1029:", the character
889:number one single
829:
828:
693:"Water and Food"
449:. The films were
383:Stationery Office
174:The Hydrogen Bomb
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1743:on 1 August 2023
1739:. Archived from
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1168:Om kriget kommer
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1059:Fallout: London
1019:. Also, in the
974:On television,
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847:Cultural impact
834:
811:Rationing food
595:"Stay at Home"
567:"The Warnings"
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1120:Duck and Cover
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1052:in London and
1027:Nuclear Strike
981:The Young Ones
959:E. P. Thompson
938:Raymond Briggs
875:E. P. Thompson
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863:hardcore punk
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819:"Casualties"
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67: –
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61:Find sources:
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39:This article
37:
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1937:
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1919:
1911:
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1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1806:the original
1801:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1772:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:the original
1734:
1725:
1716:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:the original
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1651:. Retrieved
1644:the original
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1494:. Retrieved
1490:the original
1480:
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1449:. Retrieved
1445:the original
1435:
1423:. Retrieved
1395:. Retrieved
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1371:. Retrieved
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1349:. Retrieved
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1289:. Retrieved
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1261:. Retrieved
1254:the original
1249:
1237:
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1198:. Retrieved
1166:
1163:audio drama)
1158:
1152:
1134:
1128:The War Game
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1111:
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1005:Stay at Home
1004:
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921:" single by
919:Karma Police
904:
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861:, while the
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477:Charley Says
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360:aide-memoire
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339:E P Thompson
331:
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302:Leon Brittan
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48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1960:Compilation
1927:Compilation
1468:. Comedian
1250:www.mgr.org
853:Jethro Tull
494:animation.
492:illustrated
488:stop-motion
166:geopolitics
1973:Categories
1920:Casualties
1873:Pamphlets
1812:18 October
1781:12 October
1514:HO 322/775
1421:. BBC News
1263:12 January
1175:References
1160:Doctor Who
1054:Manchester
1017:Casualties
936:In print,
931:Roger Limb
893:Two Tribes
623:"Refuges"
519:Roger Limb
508:Two Tribes
451:classified
437:Roger Limb
423:Television
76:newspapers
1700:7 January
1679:30 August
1653:30 August
1570:The Times
1549:The Times
1527:The Times
1346:145729137
1291:16 August
1078:Vault Boy
1065:Fallout 4
1025:episode "
984:episode "
923:Radiohead
911:Wolfsbane
871:Discharge
506:'s song "
500:polythene
318:Newsnight
287:The Times
282:The Times
201:docudrama
170:pamphlets
106:July 2020
1943:Handbook
1777:. London
1717:Panorama
1301:cite web
1084:See also
883:. Actor
525:List of
464:Panorama
457:and the
1904:at the
1747:30 June
1496:30 June
1451:30 June
1425:30 June
1136:Threads
1074:Pip-Boy
1031:Malcolm
1000:Threads
988:." The
840:Threads
542:Length
251:advice.
153:Origins
90:scholar
1898:Films
1608:
1397:1 June
1393:. 1965
1373:1 June
1351:1 June
1344:
1225:
1200:1 June
1139:(film)
1131:(film)
1122:(film)
1022:Spooks
895:", by
867:D-beat
545:Notes
539:Title
529:films
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1647:(PDF)
1640:(PDF)
1419:(PDF)
1342:S2CID
1257:(PDF)
1246:(PDF)
869:band
832:Radio
822:1:27
808:1:40
794:1:28
780:2:40
766:2:29
752:2:51
738:1:20
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640:1:55
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612:2:06
598:1:40
584:2:28
570:2:53
556:1:35
379:Times
368:Print
345:Media
294:Times
97:JSTOR
83:books
1950:(As
1814:2023
1783:2019
1749:2011
1702:2010
1681:2011
1655:2011
1606:ISBN
1498:2011
1453:2011
1427:2011
1399:2013
1375:2013
1353:2013
1307:link
1293:2016
1265:2022
1223:ISBN
1202:2013
1015:and
986:Bomb
816:20.
802:19.
788:18.
774:17.
760:16.
746:15.
732:14.
718:13.
704:12.
690:11.
676:10.
490:and
431:The
372:The
69:news
1334:doi
995:BBC
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606:5.
592:4.
578:3.
564:2.
550:1.
535:No.
517:'s
459:BBC
455:CND
52:by
1975::
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