701:
860:
140:
3467:
404:
2128:
685:
2136:
3601:
567:
119:
2120:
3091:
3098:
3083:
669:
657:
617:, fragmentary specimens are quite common and most often include isolated teeth, the distinctive rostrum, and fragments of the long saw-edged pectoral fin first described by Mantell. Usually, portions of the skull and postcranial skeleton are found separately. This preservational bias can be explained by the fact that the skeleton of
499:
and sent them back east. Between 1873 and 1877, Cope renamed three species based on Mudge's specimens, all of which would eventually be recognized as belonging to the genus
483:(Maastrichtian), but mistakenly identified it as having come from a dinosaur. During the 1870s, B. F. Mudge, a fossil collector supplying material to rival paleontologists
684:
3560:
3664:
3645:
700:
3679:
3694:
3699:
3547:
519:(1895), Loomis (1900), O. P. Hay (1903), in a series of important works, reviewed the genus, adding much to our understanding of this fish.
918:
3689:
3638:
811:
Loomis, F. B. (1900). "Die anatomie und die verwandtschaft der Ganoid-und
Knochen-fische aus der Kreide-Formation von Kansas, U.S.A".
668:
1002:
3709:
3684:
3631:
139:
601:, and adults possessed large blade-like teeth (adults of living swordfish species are toothless). Complete skeletons of
542:
was named by Albin
Stewart in 1898, based on a specimen from the older Lincoln Member of the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper
3674:
3466:
2127:
754:. Report of the U. S. Geological Survey of the Territories. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office):302 pp.
3211:
2135:
606:
3669:
3704:
2119:
248:
241:
3090:
883:
website. Includes detailed taxonomic history, life restorations, bibliography, many photos of fossil remains.
911:
3487:
3157:
1887:
629:
or decay before burial and fossilization (Everhart, 2005; p. 93). Like most of the
Cretaceous marine
1741:
741:
Cope, E. D. 1874. Review of the vertebrata of the
Cretaceous period found west of the Mississippi River.
3573:
1345:
516:
488:
255:
2706:
2699:
1294:
1162:
3384:
3034:
2728:
1973:
1908:
765:
Hay, O. P. (1903). "On certain genera and species of North
American Cretaceous Actinopterous Fishes".
3534:
3349:
3142:
3097:
2692:
2678:
2647:
2640:
2262:
2003:
1987:
1678:
1623:
1324:
1029:
896:
642:
614:
3259:
3188:
2868:
2806:
2749:
2714:
2598:
2590:
2526:
2464:
2345:
2307:
2099:
1959:
1922:
1836:
1748:
1692:
1264:
1213:
3525:
3377:
3314:
3250:
2875:
2817:
2626:
2583:
2479:
2079:
2059:
1996:
1945:
1938:
1785:
1699:
1593:
1551:
1474:
1445:
1385:
1132:
865:
484:
3266:
3082:
2972:
2958:
2924:
2833:
2742:
2540:
2533:
2456:
2372:
2338:
2322:
2283:
2212:
2089:
2069:
1966:
1843:
1829:
3239:
3181:
3027:
3006:
2910:
2770:
2735:
2665:
2605:
2517:
2447:
2359:
2192:
1880:
1850:
1685:
1671:
1664:
1537:
1481:
1415:
1405:
904:
799:
421:
134:
3405:
1579:
1516:
3578:
1806:
1142:
3565:
3200:
2851:
2576:
1952:
1857:
1734:
1706:
1203:
594:
3615:
1304:
656:
3321:
2826:
1894:
1495:
1429:
1365:
1355:
1314:
791:
308:
207:
194:
403:
3226:
3166:
2942:
2490:
2398:
2292:
1762:
1720:
1651:
1630:
934:
464:
41:
3391:
2903:
2860:
2777:
2721:
2562:
1871:
1820:
1602:
1558:
1509:
1254:
1183:
987:
965:
468:
440:
376:
332:
312:
181:
566:
475:, based on Mantell's English finds. Earlier, Leidy had published an illustration of a
3658:
3434:
3335:
3307:
3013:
2999:
2990:
2965:
2887:
2792:
2763:
2685:
2612:
2569:
2506:
2269:
2202:
2175:
2158:
2026:
1727:
1713:
1452:
1438:
1244:
1173:
1112:
551:
527:
461:
435:
spines belonging to this taxon were first recognized in 1822, from chalk deposits in
392:
288:
76:
17:
886:
118:
3600:
3363:
3174:
2547:
2436:
2379:
2246:
2222:
1931:
1901:
1778:
1609:
1502:
1375:
1334:
1122:
598:
472:
432:
3519:
3450:
3398:
3356:
3342:
3300:
3284:
3131:
3115:
3049:
2979:
2931:
2917:
2429:
2422:
2408:
1799:
1616:
1572:
1530:
1488:
1459:
1014:
971:
873:
343:
51:
3608:
3443:
3273:
2840:
2633:
2255:
2010:
1771:
1467:
1274:
1193:
855:
555:
543:
480:
417:
280:
96:
61:
3510:
3419:
3412:
3370:
3328:
2799:
2785:
2555:
2499:
2386:
2331:
2300:
1792:
1637:
1565:
1395:
1284:
1223:
1152:
626:
452:
444:
388:
372:
367:
354:
339:
320:
316:
284:
276:
151:
101:
515:. Between 1895 and 1903, paleontologists in America and England, including
3504:
3020:
2896:
2756:
2472:
2415:
2232:
1523:
1233:
959:
825:
The fossils of the South Downs; or illustrations of the geology of Sussex
638:
622:
590:
448:
171:
91:
86:
71:
66:
56:
3552:
3119:
3053:
2619:
2171:
2154:
2046:
2021:
1095:
1082:
1041:
927:
803:
610:
436:
351:
347:
335:
106:
81:
3293:
2951:
953:
496:
429:
414:
300:
292:
161:
3481:
795:
750:
630:
565:
402:
296:
272:
847:. British Museum of Natural History, London. pp. i-xliii, 1–544.
383:
for an ancestral barracuda. Recent research shows that the genus
3611:
3539:
304:
3485:
3113:
2152:
1080:
946:
900:
759:
Oceans of Kansas: A Natural
History of the Western Interior Sea
736:
Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
724:
Proceedings of the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
641:; the resemblance to living swordfish apparently results from
554:
have come from the upper beds of the Dakota
Sandstone (middle
694:(from Hay, 1903); portions of dentary, splenial, pectoral fin
625:
than that of most bony fishes and tended to be torn apart by
605:
are relatively rare, but in parts of the
Niobrara Chalk, the
893:, on display at the Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center.
845:
Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum. Part 3
279:-like marine fish, that thrived worldwide during the Upper
558:) in Russell County, Kansas (Everhart, 2005; p. 91).
831:
Stewart, A. (1900). "Teleosts of the Upper Cretaceous".
3619:
751:
The Vertebrata of the Cretaceous Formations of the West
734:
Cope, E. D. 1873. On two new species of Saurodontidae.
743:
U. S. Geolological Survey of the Territories, Bulletin
526:
are recognized from the Niobrara Chalk of the western
495:
in Niobrara exposures in Rooks and Ellis counties in
479:
tooth from the Cretaceous-aged Navesink Formation of
3223:
3154:
2662:
2356:
2319:
2280:
2243:
2228:
2218:
2208:
2198:
2188:
2095:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2055:
1984:
1919:
1868:
1817:
1759:
1648:
1590:
1426:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1381:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1330:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1229:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1128:
1118:
1108:
3494:
3433:
3283:
3249:
3222:
3199:
3153:
3130:
3048:
2989:
2941:
2886:
2850:
2816:
2661:
2516:
2489:
2446:
2397:
2355:
2318:
2279:
2242:
2169:
2045:
2020:
1983:
1918:
1867:
1816:
1758:
1647:
1589:
1425:
1093:
1040:
1013:
986:
387:is not at all related to the true swordfish-family
784:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
767:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
327:was a large fish, averaging 2–3 metres in length.
420:discovered by 19th century paleontologists, the
3639:
912:
8:
3646:
3632:
3482:
3231:
3127:
3110:
2670:
2364:
2181:
2166:
2149:
1101:
1090:
1077:
1019:
992:
983:
943:
919:
905:
897:
833:The University Geological Survey of Kansas
117:
31:
652:
593:, though it was smaller with a shorter
491:, discovered a number of specimens of
3665:Late Cretaceous fish of North America
827:. London: Lupton Relfe. xiv + 327 pp.
7:
3597:
3595:
391:, but belongs to the extinct family
307:, it is perhaps best known from the
761:. Indiana University Press: 323 pp.
361:is a combination of the Greek word
3680:Prehistoric ray-finned fish genera
3618:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
331:shared the Cretaceous oceans with
126:Skull and pectoral fin fossils of
25:
3695:Coniacian genus first appearances
637:became extinct at the end of the
546:). Perhaps the oldest remains of
3599:
3465:
3096:
3089:
3081:
2134:
2126:
2118:
858:
699:
683:
667:
655:
138:
3700:Maastrichtian genus extinctions
877:: A Late Cretaceous "Swordfish"
887:The most complete skeleton of
778:Leidy, J. (1857). "Remarks on
574:- the larger (about 3 m long)
456:. In 1857, the fish was named
1:
428:has had a confusing history.
346:, as well as with many other
513:"Pelecopterus" pernicciosus
3726:
3594:
607:Mooreville Chalk Formation
585:In its general body plan,
315:Formation of Kansas (Late
3690:Cretaceous fish of Europe
3462:
3234:
3126:
3109:
3078:
2673:
2367:
2184:
2165:
2148:
2115:
1104:
1089:
1076:
1022:
995:
982:
942:
708:Protosphyraena perniciosa
538:. An additional species,
413:As is the case with many
408:Protosphyraena perniciosa
249:Protosphyraena bentoniana
242:Protosphyraena perniciosa
237:
232:
135:Scientific classification
133:
125:
116:
34:
889:Protosphyraena pernicosa
722:Cope, E. D. (1873). "".
447:who also discovered the
299:have been found in both
47:Coniacian–Maastrichtian
27:Extinct genus of fishes
843:Woodward, A. S. 1895.
757:Everhart, M. J. 2005.
582:
570:Two species of Kansas
522:Today, two species of
410:
3710:Cretaceous fish stubs
3607:This article about a
3574:Paleobiology Database
692:Protosphyraena nitida
676:Protosphyraena nitida
615:geological formations
569:
517:Arthur Smith Woodward
489:Othniel Charles Marsh
406:
371:, the genus name for
256:Protosphyraena nitida
18:Protosphyraena nitida
3685:Cretaceous bony fish
3158:Orthogonikleithridae
1888:Gondwanapleuropholis
674:Holotype rostrum of
643:convergent evolution
597:, was somewhat less
458:Protosphyraena ferox
443:, the physician and
399:History and taxonomy
2818:Chuhsiungichthyidae
1946:Neopholidophoropsis
1742:Pseudopholidoctenus
1552:Pseudoasthenocormus
1446:Australopachycormus
866:Paleontology portal
706:Pectoral girdle of
589:resembled a modern
485:Edward Drinker Cope
3675:Marine fish genera
3182:Orthogonikleithrus
2666:Ichthyodectiformes
2518:Pachyrhizodontidae
2360:Crossognathiformes
2193:Antofagastaichthys
1881:Austropleuropholis
1346:Pholidophorichthys
933:de Pinna, 1996 (=
823:Mantell, G. 1822.
748:Cope, E. D. 1875.
583:
509:"Portheus" gladius
411:
379:initially mistook
3627:
3626:
3589:
3588:
3488:Taxon identifiers
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3460:
3459:
3429:
3428:
3212:Osteoglossomorpha
3201:Osteoglossomorpha
3105:
3104:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3044:
3043:
2852:Bardackichthyidae
2707:Ascalabothrissops
2700:Antarctithrissops
2657:
2656:
2144:
2143:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2108:
1953:Pholidophoristion
1735:Pholidorhynchodon
1707:Parapholidophorus
1295:Luxembourgichthys
1163:Diplospondichthys
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1059:
813:Palaeontographica
782:and its allies".
710:and other fossils
309:Smoky Hill Member
264:
263:
228:
16:(Redirected from
3717:
3670:Pachycormiformes
3648:
3641:
3634:
3603:
3596:
3582:
3581:
3569:
3568:
3556:
3555:
3543:
3542:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3483:
3470:
3469:
3385:Pseudothryptodus
3322:Enischnorhynchus
3232:
3225:
3156:
3128:
3111:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3085:
3035:Vallecillichthys
2827:Chuhsiungichthys
2671:
2664:
2365:
2358:
2321:
2282:
2245:
2230:
2220:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2182:
2167:
2150:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2122:
2097:
2087:
2077:
2067:
2057:
1986:
1974:Steurbautichthys
1921:
1909:Zurupleuropholis
1895:Parapleuropholis
1870:
1819:
1761:
1650:
1594:Aspidorhynchidae
1592:
1428:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1366:Pholidophoropsis
1363:
1356:Pholidophoroides
1353:
1343:
1332:
1322:
1315:Marcopoloichthys
1312:
1302:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1160:
1150:
1140:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1102:
1091:
1078:
1020:
993:
984:
977:
976:
944:
921:
914:
907:
898:
881:Oceans of Kansas
868:
863:
862:
861:
840:
820:
807:
774:
731:
703:
687:
678:(from Hay, 1903)
671:
659:
505:Erisichte nitida
460:by the renowned
295:remains of this
226:
219:
206:
195:Pachycormiformes
193:
143:
142:
121:
111:
48:
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3705:Demopolis Chalk
3655:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3592:
3590:
3585:
3577:
3572:
3564:
3559:
3551:
3546:
3538:
3533:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3490:
3480:
3471:
3464:
3456:
3425:
3279:
3245:
3227:Tselfatiiformes
3218:
3195:
3167:Cavenderichthys
3149:
3122:
3101:
3088:
3080:
3068:
3040:
2985:
2943:Ichthyodectidae
2937:
2882:
2846:
2812:
2693:Altamuraichthys
2679:Africathrissops
2653:
2648:Tingitanichthys
2641:Stanhopeichthys
2512:
2491:Crossognathidae
2485:
2442:
2399:Varasichthyidae
2393:
2351:
2314:
2293:Cavenderichthys
2275:
2263:Longileptolepis
2238:
2178:
2161:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2105:
2041:
2025:
2016:
2004:Kisanganichthys
1988:Catervariolidae
1979:
1914:
1863:
1812:
1763:Archaeomaenidae
1754:
1721:Pholidophoretes
1679:Eopholidophorus
1654:
1652:Pholidophoridae
1643:
1631:Richmondichthys
1624:Pseudovinctifer
1585:
1421:
1325:Neobaleiichthys
1098:
1085:
1056:
1036:
1009:
978:
949:
948:
938:
935:Teleosteomorpha
925:
864:
859:
857:
854:
830:
810:
796:10.2307/3231930
777:
764:
721:
718:
711:
704:
695:
688:
679:
672:
663:
660:
651:
564:
401:
377:paleontologists
365:("early") plus
357:fish. The name
225:
217:
204:
191:
137:
112:
110:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
46:
45:
42:Late Cretaceous
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3723:
3721:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3604:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3570:
3557:
3544:
3531:
3526:Protosphyraena
3516:
3500:
3498:
3496:Protosphyraena
3492:
3491:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3392:Rhamphoichthys
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3260:Abisaadichthys
3255:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3235:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:Waldmanichthys
3185:
3178:
3171:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3136:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3114:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2995:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2904:Chirocentrites
2900:
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2872:
2869:Bardackichthys
2865:
2861:Amakusaichthys
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2822:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2807:Verraesichthys
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2778:Pachythrissops
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2750:Garganoichthys
2746:
2739:
2732:
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2722:Carsothrissops
2718:
2715:Capassoichthys
2711:
2703:
2696:
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2599:Motlayoichthys
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2563:Goulmimichthys
2559:
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2527:Apricenapiscis
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2240:
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2196:
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2159:cycloid scales
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2116:
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2110:
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2100:Xenoleptolepis
2093:
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2018:
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1833:
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1796:
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1749:Zambellichthys
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1598:
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1559:Rhinconichthys
1555:
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1545:Protosphyraena
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1510:Martillichthys
1506:
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1265:Jialingichthys
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1255:Ichthyokentema
1248:
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1214:Grimmenichthys
1207:
1197:
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540:P. bentonianum
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469:paleontologist
441:Gideon Mantell
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3312:
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3014:Saurocephalus
3011:
3009:
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3004:
3002:
3001:
3000:Gwawinapterus
2997:
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2991:Saurodontidae
2988:
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2977:
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2966:Ichthyodectes
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2876:Heckelichthys
2873:
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2793:Sultanuvaisia
2790:
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2783:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
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2768:
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2764:Occithrissops
2761:
2759:
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2709:
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2704:
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2686:Allothrissops
2683:
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2624:
2622:
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2613:Pachyrhizodus
2610:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2596:
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2504:
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2302:
2298:
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2272:
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2270:Proleptolepis
2267:
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2250:
2248:
2241:
2235:
2234:
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2203:Araripichthys
2197:
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1714:Pholidoctenus
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1700:Malingichthys
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1472:
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1436:
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1424:
1418:
1417:
1410:
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1407:
1400:
1398:
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1390:
1388:
1387:
1386:Ruedersdorfia
1380:
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1360:
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1228:
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1205:
1198:
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1174:Dorsetichthys
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1157:
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1147:
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1137:
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1133:Barschichthys
1127:
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1117:
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1113:Atacamichthys
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829:
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576:P. perniciosa
573:
568:
561:
559:
557:
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552:North America
549:
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541:
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536:P. perniciosa
533:
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398:
396:
394:
393:Pachycormidae
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:
364:
360:
356:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:Maastrichtian
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
258:
257:
253:
251:
250:
246:
244:
243:
239:
238:
236:
231:
224:
223:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:Pachycormidae
203:
200:
199:
196:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
132:
129:
124:
120:
115:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3620:expanding it
3606:
3591:
3495:
3449:
3442:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3364:Pentanogmius
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3272:
3267:Eusebichthys
3265:
3258:
3238:
3187:
3180:
3175:Leptolepides
3173:
3165:
3087:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2978:
2973:Postredectes
2971:
2964:
2959:Ghrisichthys
2957:
2950:
2930:
2925:Cladocynodon
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2874:
2867:
2859:
2839:
2834:Jinjuichthys
2832:
2825:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2743:Furloichthys
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2548:Chongichthys
2546:
2541:Cavinichthys
2539:
2534:Aquilopiscis
2532:
2525:
2505:
2498:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2457:Bavarichthys
2455:
2437:Varasichthys
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2385:
2380:Chongichthys
2378:
2373:Bavarichthys
2371:
2344:
2339:Ebertichthys
2337:
2330:
2323:Ascalaboidae
2306:
2299:
2291:
2284:Luisiellidae
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:Leptolepidae
2231:
2223:Pholidolepis
2221:
2213:Paraclupavus
2211:
2201:
2191:
2124:
2098:
2090:Sphaeronchus
2088:
2078:
2070:Bicavolithus
2068:
2058:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1972:
1967:Songaichthys
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1932:Ankylophorus
1930:
1907:
1902:Pleuropholis
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1856:
1849:
1844:Manasichthys
1842:
1835:
1830:Bogdaichthys
1828:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1779:Archaeomaene
1777:
1770:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1655:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1610:Belonostomus
1608:
1601:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1503:Leedsichthys
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1376:Prohalecites
1374:
1364:
1354:
1344:
1335:Oligopleurus
1333:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1131:
1123:Baleiichthys
1121:
1111:
930:
888:
880:
874:
844:
836:
832:
824:
816:
812:
787:
783:
779:
770:
766:
758:
749:
742:
735:
727:
723:
707:
691:
690:Holotype of
675:
662:Skull fossil
634:
618:
613:, and other
602:
599:hydrodynamic
586:
584:
579:
578:and smaller
575:
571:
547:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
512:
508:
504:
500:
492:
476:
473:Joseph Leidy
457:
451:
425:
412:
407:
384:
380:
366:
362:
358:
328:
324:
271:is a fossil
267:
266:
265:
254:
247:
240:
221:
220:
127:
35:
29:
3520:Wikispecies
3451:Euteleostei
3399:Syntegmodus
3357:Paranogmius
3343:Moorevillia
3301:Bananogmius
3285:Plethodidae
3240:Eoplethodus
3143:Elopomorpha
3132:Elopomorpha
3028:Unamichthys
3007:Prosaurodon
2980:Xiphactinus
2932:Eubiodectes
2918:Cladocyclus
2911:Chiromystus
2771:Ogunichthys
2736:Faugichthys
2606:Nardopiscis
2448:Notelopidae
2430:Protoclupea
2423:Luisichthys
2409:Bobbichthys
1851:Siyuichthys
1800:Wadeichthys
1686:Knerichthys
1672:Ceneichthys
1665:Annaichthys
1617:Jonoichthys
1573:Saurostomus
1538:Pachycormus
1531:Orthocormus
1489:Hypsocormus
1482:Haasichthys
1460:Eugnathides
1416:Signeuxella
1406:Seinstedtia
1030:Neopterygii
1015:Neopterygii
972:Neopterygii
738:25:337-339.
418:vertebrates
344:plesiosaurs
227:Leidy, 1857
3659:Categories
3609:Cretaceous
3444:Otocephala
3406:Thryptodus
3274:Protobrama
3063:see below↓
2841:Mesoclupea
2634:Rhacolepis
2256:Leptolepis
2036:see below↓
2011:Songanella
1772:Aphnelepis
1580:Simocormus
1517:Notodectes
1468:Euthynotus
1275:Koonwarria
1194:Eurycormus
1051:see below↓
970:Subclass:
839:: 257–403.
819:: 213–283.
745:1(2):3-48.
730:: 280–281.
716:References
627:scavengers
556:Cenomanian
544:Cenomanian
481:New Jersey
465:naturalist
338:, such as
291:). Though
281:Cretaceous
3420:Zanclites
3413:Tselfatia
3371:Plethodus
3329:Luxilites
3120:Teleostei
3054:Teleostei
2800:Thrissops
2786:Prymnetes
2556:Elopopsis
2500:Apsopelix
2387:Salminops
2332:Ascalabos
2301:Luisiella
1807:Zaxilepis
1793:Oreochima
1638:Vinctifer
1566:Sauropsis
1396:Seefeldia
1285:Ligulella
1224:Hengnania
1153:Ceramurus
1143:Bunoderma
1096:Teleostei
1083:Teleostei
1042:Teleostei
952:Kingdom:
928:Teleostei
891:yet found
790:: 91–95.
621:was less
580:P. nitida
532:P. nitida
453:Iguanodon
445:geologist
389:Xiphiidae
373:barracuda
368:Sphyraena
355:predatory
340:mosasaurs
321:Campanian
317:Coniacian
285:Coniacian
277:swordfish
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
3505:Wikidata
3350:Niobrara
3021:Saurodon
2897:Aidachar
2757:Gillicus
2729:Dugaldia
2577:Kradimus
2473:Notelops
2416:Domeykos
2233:Todiltia
2172:Teleosts
2155:Teleosts
2022:Teleosts
1858:Wukangia
1524:Ohmdenia
1234:Hulettia
1204:Galkinia
960:Chordata
958:Phylum:
954:Animalia
639:Mesozoic
623:ossified
591:sailfish
462:American
449:dinosaur
433:pectoral
422:taxonomy
336:reptiles
283:Period (
233:Species
201:Family:
172:Chordata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
3566:1018258
3553:4839279
3540:4654856
3511:Q391039
2620:Platinx
2346:Tharsis
2047:Otolith
1305:Majokia
964:Class:
879:at the
804:3231930
773:: 1–95.
649:Gallery
611:Alabama
595:rostrum
562:Anatomy
437:England
352:extinct
348:species
333:aquatic
319:-Early
311:of the
214:Genus:
188:Order:
178:Class:
3294:Bachea
2952:Cooyoo
2591:Michin
2465:Michin
1496:Kaykay
802:
511:, and
497:Kansas
430:Fossil
415:fossil
363:protos
301:Europe
293:fossil
3614:is a
3579:35294
3561:IRMNG
3116:Crown
3050:Crown
2174:with
2157:with
931:sensu
800:JSTOR
631:fauna
439:, by
375:, as
297:taxon
273:genus
3616:stub
3612:fish
3548:GBIF
3210:see
3141:see
2049:taxa
2024:with
1028:see
1001:see
534:and
487:and
467:and
342:and
305:Asia
303:and
52:PreꞒ
3535:EoL
792:doi
609:of
550:in
424:of
350:of
323:).
275:of
3661::
3576::
3563::
3550::
3537::
3522::
3507::
835:.
817:46
815:.
798:.
788:11
786:.
771:19
769:.
728:24
726:.
645:.
633:,
530::
507:,
503::
471:,
395:.
102:Pg
44:,
3647:e
3640:t
3633:v
3622:.
3224:†
3192:?
3170:?
3155:†
3118:-
3052:-
2879:?
2864:?
2781:?
2710:?
2663:†
2594:?
2551:?
2468:?
2460:?
2401:?
2390:?
2357:†
2320:†
2311:?
2296:?
2281:†
2244:†
2229:†
2219:†
2209:†
2199:†
2189:†
2096:†
2086:†
2076:†
2066:†
2056:†
1985:†
1920:†
1869:†
1818:†
1760:†
1649:†
1591:†
1463:?
1427:†
1412:†
1402:†
1392:†
1382:†
1372:†
1362:†
1352:†
1342:†
1338:?
1331:†
1321:†
1311:†
1301:†
1291:†
1281:†
1271:†
1261:†
1251:†
1241:†
1237:?
1230:†
1220:†
1210:†
1200:†
1190:†
1180:†
1170:†
1166:?
1159:†
1149:†
1139:†
1129:†
1119:†
1109:†
937:)
920:e
913:t
906:v
837:6
806:.
794::
287:-
218:†
205:†
192:†
107:N
97:K
92:J
87:T
82:P
77:C
72:D
67:S
62:O
57:Ꞓ
20:)
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