85:. With a group of young physicians not yet influenced by traditional psychiatry —as well as psychologists, volunteers and students— Basaglia started an intense project for the theoretical-practical criticism of the institution of the asylum. At that time, there were approximately 1,200 patients in the San Giovanni psychiatric hospital, most of them were under compulsory treatment. From 1971 to 1974, the efforts of Franco Basaglia and his equipe were directed at changing the rules and logic which governed the institution, putting the hierarchy in question, changing the relations between patients and operators, inventing new relations, opportunities and spaces, and restoring freedom and rights to the inmates.
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value to individual life histories. Any form of physical containment and shock therapy was suppressed, the barriers and mesh which had enclosed the wards were removed, doors and gates were opened, compulsory hospitalizations became voluntary and definitive ones were revoked, thus the patients regained their political and civil rights.
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Giovanna Russo and
Francesco Carelli state that back in 1978 the Basaglia reform perhaps could not be fully implemented because society was unprepared for such an avant-garde and innovative concept of mental health. Thirty years later, it has become more obvious that this reform reflects a concept of
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In the hospital being transformed, guardianship was substituted by care, institutional abandonment by the full assumption of responsibility for the patient and their condition, while the negation of the individual through the concept of illness-danger was replaced by the conferring of importance and
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in 1978 and terminated with the very end of the
Italian state mental hospital system in 1998. Among European countries, Italy was the first to publicly declare its repugnance for a mental health care system which led to social exclusion and segregation. The psychiatric reform was also a consequence
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The reform was directed towards the gradual dismantling of the psychiatric hospitals and required a comprehensive, integrated and responsible community mental health service. The object of community care is to reverse the long-accepted practice of isolating the mental ill in large institutions, to
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modern health and social care for mental patients. The
Italian example originated samples of effective and innovative service models and paved the way for deinstitutionalisation of mental patients.
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a very careful integration between the various facilities within the geographically based system of care, the same team providing outpatient as well as inpatient and community care.
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The closure of various hospital settings became possible because of constant reduction of in-patients number which in the course of years had the following dynamics:
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65:– an open ward created as an alternative to the psychiatric hospital – from 1973 to 1996 Antonucci worked on the dismantling of the psychiatric hospitals
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promote their integration in the community offering them a milieu which is socially stimulating, while avoiding subjecting them to too intense
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questioned the basis itself of psychiatry. After working with
Edelweiss Cotti in 1968 at the Centro di Relazioni Umane in
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a relatively low dose of inpatient care, avoiding treating any new patients in mental hospital;
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294:"Community psychiatry without mental hospitals — the Italian experience: a review"
408:"Dal 1968 al 1995: la prima fase del "superamento" dell'istituzione psichiatrica"
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Mental health at the crossroads: the promise of the psychosocial approach
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is the reform of psychiatry which started in Italy after the passing of
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became the director of the provincial psychiatric hospital located in
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Burti L. (2001). "Italian psychiatric reform 20 plus years after".
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specified the main characteristics of the
Italian experience:
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community care as the principal component of the system;
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346:[Dacia Maraini interviews Giorgio Antonucci].
483:Giorgio Antonucci speaks about Franco Basaglia
28:'s case and stories collected and analyzed in
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344:"Dacia Maraini intervista Giorgio Antonucci"
57:Since the late 1960s, the Italian physician
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260:Ramon, Shulamit; Williams, Janet (2005).
299:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
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266:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 57.
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488:Pervasive Technology Lab (CIC) (2011)
439:"Dismantling asylums: The Italian Job"
410:. Psichiatria e storia. Archived from
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231:10.1034/j.1600-0447.2001.1040s2041.x
470:. Trieste: Mental Health Department
385:. Trieste: Mental Health Department
352:(in Italian). 1978. Archived from
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437:Russo G., Carelli F. (May 2009).
525:Deinstitutionalisation in Italy
446:London Journal of Primary Care
218:Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
24:of a public debate sparked by
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465:"Psychiatric Reform in Italy"
380:"Psychiatric Reform in Italy"
292:Tansella M. (November 1986).
490:Technology for Mental Health
225:(410 Supplementum): 41–46.
34:Portami su quello che canta
17:Psychiatric reform in Italy
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312:10.1177/014107688607901117
495:Archive Giorgio Antonucci
463:Del Giudice G. (1998).
378:Del Giudice G. (1998).
515:Mental health in Italy
186:Deinstitutionalisation
520:History of psychiatry
93:Main characteristics
63:Cividale del Friuli
510:Health care reform
356:on 13 April 2013.
273:978-0-7546-4191-9
191:Giorgio Antonucci
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59:Giorgio Antonucci
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98:Michele Tansella
47:social pressures
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306:(11): 664–669.
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79:Franco Basaglia
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30:Alberto Papuzzi
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457:External links
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485:(in Italian)
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196:Giorgio Coda
181:Basaglia Law
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159:1979: 1.710
148:1978: 2.176
137:1977: 2.492
126:1976: 2.684
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26:Giorgio Coda
21:Basaglia Law
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166:Estimations
156:1975: 2.834
153:1971: 3.634
145:1974: 2.937
142:1970: 4.054
134:1973: 3.037
131:1969: 4.508
123:1972: 3.385
120:1968: 4.633
71:Luigi Lolli
504:Categories
418:2010-10-21
202:References
67:Osservanza
349:La Stampa
247:40910917
239:11863050
175:See also
32:'s book
330:3795212
321:1290535
83:Trieste
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53:Course
474:5 Oct
468:(PDF)
442:(PDF)
389:5 Oct
383:(PDF)
243:S2CID
75:Imola
476:2010
391:2010
326:PMID
268:ISBN
235:PMID
69:and
40:Aims
316:PMC
308:doi
227:doi
223:104
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