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from about 1550 to 1750, when a process was discovered that used coal. The large sections of white coal had previously been mixed with charcoal to give the right temperature, as charcoal alone was too hot and would have
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The pits were created by removing soil to create a depression about 12–13 feet (4m) in diameter, breached by a 'spout' and thus forming a 'Q' shape. The pits were dug from the end of the
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in
Scotland and East Derbyshire. Due to their small size, they are not likely to be confused with quarries, although bomb craters from
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View looking eastwards from Lodge Hill towards
Windmill Hill with the Q-pit in the foreground and the Mendip Hills in the background.
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woodlands and as such they are an important landscape feature indicating both previous industrial activity and the presence of a
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the lead. Some evidence exists to suggest that some had a secondary use in the charking of coal into coke.
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174:"to chark" is defined as: to reduce by strong heat, as to produce charcoal or coke.
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for use in coursing or degreasing wool and were once found in sheep rearing areas.
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The white coal produced in Q-pits was largely used in the smelting of
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at the site or nearby. The pits are often found in association with
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The pits are a common feature in lead mining districts such as the
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were of a similar shape and size, however, they were used to make
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In 2007 an isolated example was identified and excavated in
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up to around 1760, the start of the
Industrial Revolution.
228:"A Q-pit on Lodge Hill, Westbury-sub-Mendip, Somerset"
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in
Somerset. Over 200 such pits have been surveyed in
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can occasionally lead the landscape historian astray.
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when white coal was largely superseded by the use of
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are kiln sites which were dug for the production of
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269:Buildings and structures in Scotland
155:The New Naturalist Series. Woodlands
121:near the lead smelting areas on the
274:Buildings and structures in England
233:. Council for British Archaeology.
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294:Lead mining in the United Kingdom
206:Woods, Hedgerows and Leafy Lanes.
185:Woods, Hedgerows and Leafy Lanes.
279:Archaeological sites in Scotland
226:Lane, Barry (25 December 2008).
284:Archaeological sites in England
304:Forestry in the United Kingdom
1:
66:Many Q-pits were located in
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245:"Westbury Archaeology"
204:Muir, Richard (2008).
183:Muir, Richard (2008).
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208:Pub. Tempus, Stroud.
187:Pub. Tempus, Stroud.
102:Geographical location
35:Industrial Revolution
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299:History of forestry
157:. London: Collins.
119:Westbury-sub-Mendip
251:. 2008. p. 5.
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214:978-0-7524-4615-8
193:978-0-7524-4615-8
163:978-0-00-720244-7
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127:Ecclesall Woods
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249:studylib.net
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123:Mendip Hills
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112:World War II
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82:Construction
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92:Potash pits
88:Middle Ages
56:volatilised
263:Categories
165:. p. 205.
133:References
31:white coal
108:Leadhills
68:deciduous
216:. p. 92.
153:(2007).
76:saw pits
72:woodland
62:Location
45:Purpose
212:
191:
161:
96:potash
27:Q-pits
231:(PDF)
210:ISBN
189:ISBN
159:ISBN
51:lead
39:coke
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247:.
141:^
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