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ore from the mid-sixteenth to the late seventeenth centuries. It produces more heat than green wood but less than charcoal and thus prevents the lead evaporating. White coal could be used mixed with charcoal for other industrial uses than lead smelting. White coal was produced in distinctive circular
165:
India is fast becoming a major manufacturer and consumer of white coal. A large number of companies have switched their boiler fuels to use white coal instead of fossil fuels. White coal manufacturing capacity is increasing in the state of
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan.
62:
Although traditionally made by drying chopped wood, white coal can be made from numerous waste products, most of which are formed into briquettes. Raw materials which can be used include:
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Combustion is more uniform compared to coal and boiler response to changes in steam requirements is faster, due to higher quantity of volatile matter in briquettes.
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The production of white coal (briquettes made of biomass) using agricultural and forest waste is more common in
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Briquettes have consistent quality, have high burning efficiency, and are ideally sized for complete combustion.
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Producers of white coal proclaim the following benefits from using the fuel:
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There is no sulphur in the white coal, therefore no toxic gases.
87:
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30:
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produced by drying chopped wood over a fire. It differs from
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of the finished briquettes is approximately 3500 to 4000
308:"White coal becomes a popular fuel source in Rajasthan"
50:. They are frequently found in the woods of South
37:which is carbonised wood. White coal was used in
125:White coal is cheaper than coal and fire wood.
8:
310:. Zee News. 13 January 2010. Archived from
192:
137:have a higher practical thermal value.
75:Forest leaves; wood chips and shavings
19:Not to be confused with water power
7:
204:The New Naturalist Series. Woodlands
14:
225:Woods, Hedgerows and Leafy Lanes.
16:Dried chopped wood used as fuel
248:. Real biocoal. Archived from
46:pits with a channel, known as
1:
376:
246:"Welcome to Real Bio Coal"
18:
206:. London : Collins.
81:Rice husk and paddy straw
131:Moisture content is nil.
69:Cotton hulls and stalks
223:Muir, Richard (2008).
227:Pub. Tempus, Stroud.
109:Sesame seeds oil cake
325:India-carbon outlook
290:www.biocoalindia.com
252:on 24 February 2014.
314:on 30 October 2010.
340:Jaipur Green Fuels
135:Biomass briquettes
72:Castor seed shells
296:on 20 March 2012.
233:978-0-7524-4615-8
212:978-0-00-720244-7
146:Low ash contents.
78:Sugarcane bagasse
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292:. Archived from
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66:Groundnut shells
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286:"Ramit biocoal"
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200:Rackham, Oliver
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151:calorific value
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96:Sunflower waste
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334:External links
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274:Hadoti biotech
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235:. pp. 91 - 92.
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182:Solid biofuels
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84:Mustard waste
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29:is a form of
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312:the original
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294:the original
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250:the original
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104:pearl millet
99:Maize stalks
61:
26:
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345:Green Fuels
171:North India
112:Wheat straw
93:Coffee husk
214:. p. 205.
187:References
58:Production
27:White coal
21:Hydropower
52:Yorkshire
354:Category
263:AR Fuels
202:(2007).
177:See also
117:Benefits
41:to melt
35:charcoal
102:Bajra (
39:England
231:
210:
106:) cobs
48:Q-pits
360:Fuels
229:ISBN
208:ISBN
155:kcal
149:The
90:dust
88:Coir
43:lead
31:fuel
356::
288:.
173:.
159:kg
54:.
161:.
157:/
23:.
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