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for certain that it was fully known to his
Companions as early as the sixth year of his mission (that is, at least seven years before he left Mecca for Medina): for it was this very surah which at that period accidentally fell into the hands of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab - who until then had been a bitter opponent of the Prophet - and caused his conversion to Islam (Ibn Sad 111/1, 191 ff.)
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second verse of the sura that is mentioned in Asbab al-Nuzul. Wahidi says that this was sent down because
Muhammad once desired food to entertain a guest, but could not afford it. The Jewish man selling the food refused to sell it without a security, and Muhammad was furious with this. To appease his prophet, God sent down this verse.
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Verse 56: "We showed
Pharaoh all Our signs, but he denied them and refused ." Verse 85: "…but God said, 'We have tested your people in your absence: the Samiri has led them astray.'" Verse 97: "(Moses) said: "Get thee gone! but thy (punishment) in this life will be that thou wilt say, 'touch me not';
1223:
This section is an introduction to the sura. It begins with God addressing
Muhammad, then lists several of God's characteristics and praises Him. In this section, there is also a mention of the Quran as a reminder of God's existence, a theme that is seen throughout the Quran. One of the two verses in
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As is the case with the preceding surah, its position in the chronology of Qur'anic revelation is not difficult to establish. Despite the vague assertions of some of the later authorities that it was revealed during the last phase (or even in the last year) of the
Prophet's sojourn in Mecca, we know
1252:, and how Moses's people were tested by God. Moses is originally tasked by God to go to Pharaoh, who has erred, and try to show him the right path. Verses 25-28: "He said, my Lord, open up my heart, and make my task easy for me. Loosen the knot in my tongue, so that they may understand my speech."
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for allowing the people to worship anything other than the one true God. Samiri's provokation of Moses's disciples to worship a lowly calf beside the
Almighty, clearly refuted God's grace as well as Moses and Aaron's preaching. Hence, Samiri's defiance that is quite similar to Iblis' or Satan's had
1331:
This section contains another of the patterns discussed by
Neuwirth, the signs of God's existence. It references the ruins of old cities as signs that God exists and can easily destroy people. Also, this section instructs believers to pray, and not to long for others' possessions. Verse 131 is the
1200:
Sura 20 focuses upon one theme, and is structured in such a way as to reinforce this theme repeatedly. Sura 20 begins with an introduction which proclaims the greatness of God. In the body of the sura, there are two distinct stories, one about Moses and one about Adam, each of which is broken into
1214:
terms the ring structure in his book "How to Read the Qur'an". The first part of the sura, up until the story of Adam, and the second part are, thematically and structurally, copies of each other. The story about Moses gives a much longer, more detailed description to introduce the theme, and the
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Verse 114: "Exalted be God, the one who is truly in control. , do not rush to recite before the revelation is fully complete…" Verse 116: "When We said to the angels, 'Bow down before Adam,' they did. But Iblis refused." Verse 121–122: "…Adam disobeyed his Lord and was led astray—later his lord
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Verse 99: "…We have given you a Qur'an from Us." Verses 111–112: "Those burdened with evil deeds will despair, but whoever has done righteous deeds and believed need have no fear of injustice or deprivation." Verse 113: "We have sent the Qur'an down in the Arabic tongue and given all kinds of
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This section again refers to the revealed nature of the Quran, and discusses the Day of
Judgment. It gives a brief description of the events that will take place on judgment day. Disbelievers will be punished, but believers need not fear. This account of judgment day is an example of the
1344:
The conclusion includes another of the elements
Neuwirth discusses: debate. In the conclusion, there is a debate between the disbelievers and Muhammad. The disbelievers wonder why God does not bring them a sign, and in the final verse God instructs Muhammad what to reply to them.
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Verse 131: "And do not gaze longingly at what We have given some of them to enjoy, the finery of this present life: We test them through this, but the provision of your Lord is better and more lasting." Verse 132: "Order your people to pray, and pray steadfastly yourself."
815:'s book "The Cambridge Companion to the Qur'an". These include the eschatological prophecies of the Quran, signs of God's existence, and debate. Additionally, sura 20 employs what has been termed the "ring structure" to reinforce its central theme.
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did bow. Iblis (Satan) was punished and made the enemy of man. Satan tempted Adam, and Adam gave in, straying from God. But, Adam repented for his mistake and asked for God's forgiveness quite devotedly, for which God finally forgave him.
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shorter story of Adam serves to summarize and repeat the theme already discussed. The introduction and conclusion paragraphs, including the verses where God addresses
Muhammad, are the bookends to the sura, and bind the stories together.
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and moreover (for a future penalty) thou hast a promise that will not fail: Now look at thy god, of whom thou hast become a devoted worshipper: We will certainly (melt) it in a blazing fire and scatter it broadcast in the sea!"
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Moses is triumphant over the Pharaoh because he is helped by God, but is then chased from the land by Pharaoh. After escaping, Moses leaves his people to confer with God. During his absence, his people are led awry by
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This section begins with a proclamation of God's greatness, and then another address from God to Muhammad. Then, God relates the story of Adam. When God created Adam and asked the angels to bow before him, all but
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Verses 2–3: "It was not to distress you that We sent down the Qur'an to you, but as a reminder for those who hold God in awe…" Verse 8: "God—There is no god but Him—the most excellent names belong to Him."
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and the punishment of the disbelievers. To conclude the sura, there is another section restating and reinforcing the main theme, followed by a brief instruction to Muhammad. This repetitive pattern is what
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Verse 126: "…You ignored Our revelations when they came to you, so today you will be ignored." Verse 127: "…The greatest and most enduring punishment is in the Hereafter."
1607:
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Guezzou, Mokrane. Al-Wāḥidī's Asbāb Al-nuzūl: Great Commentaries of the Holy Qur'an. : Royal Aal Al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought, 2008. Print.
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Verse 135: ", say, 'We are all waiting, so you carry on waiting: you will come to learn who has followed the even path, and been rightly guided.'"
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This section restates what was said before: Those who follow God will be rewarded, and those who do not will be punished on the Day of Judgment.
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Ernst, Carl W. How to Read the Qurʼan: A New Guide, with Select Translations. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, 2011. Print.
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were saying that Muhammad was distressed because he left their religion, and that God only sent down the Quran to distress Muhammad.
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nature of the Quran, as described by Angelika Neuwirth. Also in this section, in verse 113, is a specific reference to the Quran in
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McAuliffe, Jane Dammen. The Cambridge Companion to the Qurʼān. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2006. Print.
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warnings in it, so that they may beware or it may make them take heed."
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smaller sections. Both stories are prefaced by instructions from God to
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1575:"Transliteration of Surah TaHa in Roman Script with English and Arabic"
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Infidels will appear in the judgment blind, and reasons for blindness
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The resurrection and the conduct of those judged on the judgment-day
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Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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The Message of the Quran, M. Asad, 1982, Introduction Surah Ta-Ha
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The magicians defy the wrath of Pharaoh, and express hope in God
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brought him close, accepted his repentance, and guided him."
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God commands Moses to lead the Israelites through the Red Sea
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Pharaoh proposes to meet Moses and Aaron with countermiracles
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Haleem, Abdel. The Qur'an. New York: Oxford UP, 2010. Print.
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This section recounts the story of Moses's encounter with
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God feeds the Israelites on manna and quails in the desert
1514:"'Oldest' Koran fragments found in Birmingham University"
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An admonition promised, with penalty of rejection of it
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123–127 Judgment day and the disbelievers' punishment
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Among the subjects treated in this chapter are God's
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99–113 Judgment day and the disbelievers' punishment
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Pharaoh threatens the magicians with dire punishment
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Pharaoh pursues them, and is overwhelmed by the sea
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of the Israelites and the crossing of the Red Sea (
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1178:The Jews demand a sign, and the Quraish disbelieve
1088:The fate of the wicked and reward of the righteous
942:Pharaoh rejects Moses and accuses him of imposture
747:at the beginning of many surahs of the holy Quran
1082:No intercession on that day, except by permission
976:Pharaoh encourages the magicians to do their best
739:(Ṭāhā) which is widely mistaken to be one of the
1608:The Holy Qur'an (Maulana Muhammad Ali)/20. Ta Ha
849:The Quran an admonition from God to the faithful
30:"Q20" redirects here. For the bus services, see
1501:The History of Khalifahs Who Took The Right Way
1024:God's treatment of the unbelieving and penitent
1541:. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co.
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1113:All the angels prostrate to Adam except Iblís
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982:The contest between Moses and the magicians
662:Calligraphy of the letter "Taa'" and "Haa'"
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1146:God pardons, but expels them from Paradise
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1370:"Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah TaHa"
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859:, and possessed of most excellent names
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1193:The first two words of Chapter 20 are
964:The magicians dispute among themselves
936:Conversation between Pharaoh and Moses
47:
1598:, 50+ translations, islamawakened.com
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1327:128–132 Instructions to the believers
741:names of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
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1125:Adam and Eve will never struggle in
1064:Sámirí's explanation of his conduct
1039:Moses reproaches them with idolatry
924:God reminds Moses of former favours
818:This is the chapter that convinced
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703:
1539:, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes
1205:, and followed by a discussion of
970:They counsel Pharaoh against Moses
915:Moses prays for the assistance of
881:He is chosen and instructed by God
877:God speaks to him out of the fire
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1172:Muhammad comforted and encouraged
1068:Sámirí's doom to social ostracism
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930:He is sent with Aaron to Pharaoh
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829:is a Quranic manuscript in the
743:. But is just one of the many
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988:The magicians are converted
855:God one, a Sovereign King,
835:Birmingham Quran manuscript
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27:20th chapter of the Qur'an
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1298:114–123 The story of Adam
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1260:, and begin to worship a
1119:Adam warned against Satan
1107:Adam broke God's covenant
1030:The Israelites worship a
906:He is commanded to go to
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36:Q20X (New York City bus)
1617:Clear Quran translation
1244:9–98 The story of Moses
1224:this sura mentioned in
32:Q20 (New York City bus)
1043:They lay the blame on
783:), the worship of the
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2367:Chapters in the Quran
1653:Chapters of the Quran
1531:Wherry, Elwood Morris
822:to convert to Islam.
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277:Birmingham manuscript
262:Samarkand Kufic Quran
43:Taha (disambiguation)
1535:A Complete Index to
863:The History of Moses
41:For other uses, see
731:(disjoined letters)
56:
1340:133–135 Conclusion
1166:The Makkans warned
831:Mingana Collection
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526:Biblical parallels
272:Topkapi manuscript
77:mysterious letters
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1140:Adam disobeys God
1099:The Story of Adam
958:against deception
837:, dated 0-25 AH.
809:Angelika Neuwirth
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708:20th chapter
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620:Islam portal
509:Hermeneutics
462:Translations
330:
183:
94:English text
75:
63:
2377:Golden calf
1537:Sale's Text
1499:as-Suyuti,
1383:14 February
1262:golden calf
1032:golden calf
793:Fall of Man
785:Golden Calf
514:Esotericism
392:Eschatology
256:Manuscripts
250:Historicity
89:Arabic text
2361:Categories
1366:Ibn Kathir
1352:References
857:omniscient
791:) and the
777:the Exodus
602:Shi’a view
519:Abrogation
332:Muqatta'at
179:muqaṭṭaʻāt
52:20 of the
2323:Four Quls
1374:Quran 4 U
1258:al-Samiri
1226:al-Wahidi
1189:Structure
956:magicians
716:) of the
706:) is the
587:Criticism
567:Inerrancy
480:Ahmadiyya
290:Divisions
1614:Quran 20
1533:(1896).
1518:BBC News
1203:Muhammad
899:miracles
615:Category
597:Quranism
496:Exegesis
380:Parables
375:Miracles
353:Prophets
199:Quran 21
194:Quran 19
184:Ṭā Hā طه
177:Opening
113:Position
2313:Medinan
2220:101–114
1250:Pharaoh
1234:Quraysh
1176:133-134
1170:130-132
1164:128-129
1158:125-127
1144:122-123
1123:118-119
1092:112-114
1086:109-111
1074:102-107
908:Pharaoh
841:Summary
580:Related
475:English
448:Qira'at
436:Tarteel
411:Reading
387:Science
370:Legends
363:Animals
346:Content
312:Medinan
223:History
168:Sajdahs
67:
2346:Seerah
2341:Tafsir
2336:Hadith
2308:Meccan
2109:81–100
1378:Tafsir
1288:Arabic
1127:Jannah
1045:Samiri
797:20:120
771:
718:Qur'an
700:Arabic
431:Tajwid
307:Meccan
140:verses
107:Meccan
18:Q20:53
2372:Moses
2301:Types
1998:61–80
1887:41–60
1776:21–40
1596:Q20:4
1305:Iblis
1266:Aaron
1195:Ṭā Hā
1066:97-98
1056:94-95
1050:92-93
1041:90-91
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928:43-50
922:36-42
917:Aaron
913:26-35
895:18-24
885:15-17
879:13-14
875:11-12
827:Ṭā Hā
801:Moses
789:20:88
781:20:77
773:20:10
769:Quran
713:sūrah
667:Ṭā Hā
562:I'jaz
443:Ahruf
419:Qāriʾ
358:Women
297:Surah
213:Quran
154:Rukus
124:Hizb
74:see:
71:Ṭā Hā
54:Quran
50:Surah
1665:1–20
1657:List
1385:2020
1228:'s "
887:The
868:8-10
820:Umar
805:Adam
803:and
723:āyāt
504:List
470:List
424:Hifz
326:Juz'
321:Āyah
302:List
231:Waḥy
172:none
117:Juzʼ
34:and
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853:4-7
847:1-3
811:in
775:),
397:God
166:of
164:No.
152:of
150:No.
144:135
138:of
136:No.
126:no.
2363::
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2015:63
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736:طه
733::
704:طه
702::
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691:ɑː
682:ɑː
130:32
119:16
64:طه
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