366:
749:, a mobile ookinete is formed, which penetrates the peritropic membrane surrounding the blood meal and travels to the outer wall of the mid-gut of the mosquito. The oocyst then develops under the basal membrane and after a period of two to three weeks a variable amount of sporozoites are produced within each oocyst. The number of sporozoites that are produced varies with temperature and can range from anywhere between many hundreds to a few thousand. Eventually, the oocyst ruptures and the sporozoites are released into the hemocoel of the mosquito. The sporozoites are then carried by the circulation of the hemolymph to the salivary glands, where they become concentrated in the acinal cells. A small number of sporozoites are introduced into the salivary duct and injected into the skin of the bitten human. This subsequently leads to the cycle in the human liver.
44:
425:
71:
644:
4598:
1026:
623:
939:
and given the complexity of the parasite it can be inferred why. He states that very few studies are conducted with this parasite, perhaps as a result of its perceived low morbidity and prevalence. Collins cites the great restrictions of studies with chimpanzees and monkeys as a sizeable barrier.
804:
is not decolorized and no dots are visible on the cell surface. The food vacuole is small and the parasite is compact. Cells seldom host more than one parasite. Band forms, where the parasite forms a thick band across the width of the infected cell, are characteristic of this species (and some
356:
in 1886 demonstrated that in some patients there was a relationship between the 72-hour life cycle of the parasite and the chill and fever patterns in the patient. The same observation was found for parasites with 48-hour cycles. Golgi concluded that there must be more than one species of malaria
765:
are the first stages that appear in the blood. The ring stages grow slowly but soon fill one-fourth to one-third of the parasitized cell. Pigment increases rapidly and the half-grown parasite may have from 30 to 50 jet-black granules. The parasite changes various shapes as it grows and stretches
697:
Following the erythrocytic cycle, which lasts for seventy two hours on average, six to fourteen merozoites are released to reinvade other erythrocytes. Finally, some of the merozoites develop into either micro- or macrogametocytes. The two types of gametocytes are taken into the mosquito during
882:
The food vacuole is the specialized compartment that degrades hemoglobin during the asexual erythrocytic stage of the parasite. It is implied that effective drug treatments can be developed by targeting the proteolytic enzymes of the food vacuole. In a paper published in 1997, Westling
1371:
Clemente JC, Govindasamy L, Madabushi A, Fisher SZ, Moose RE, Yowell CA, Hidaka K, Kimura T, Hayashi Y, Kiso Y, Agbandje-McKenna M, Dame JB, Dunn BM, McKenna R (March 2006). "Structure of the aspartic protease plasmepsin 4 from the malarial parasite
Plasmodium malariae bound to an
837:. This assay was found to be highly specific and sensitive. Although serologic tests are not specific enough for diagnostic purposes, they can be used as basic epidemiologic tools. The immunofluorescent-antibody (IFA) technique can be used to measure the presence of antibodies to
1785:
Rutledge GG, Böhme U, Sanders M, Reid AJ, Cotton JA, Maiga-Ascofare O, Djimdé AA, Apinjoh TO, Amenga-Etego L, Manske M, Barnwell JW, Renaud F, Ollomo B, Prugnolle F, Anstey NM, Auburn S, Price RN, McCarthy JS, Kwiatkowski DP, Newbold CI, Berriman M, Otto TD (February 2017).
1332:
Westling J, Yowell CA, Majer P, Erickson JW, Dame JB, Dunn BM (November 1997). "Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and P. malariae: a comparison of the active site properties of plasmepsins cloned and expressed from three different species of the malaria parasite".
958:
A recent study shows that quartan malaria parasites are easily exchanged between humans and monkeys in Latin
America. Thus, a lack of host specificity in mammalian hosts can be hypothesized and quartan malaria can be considered to be a true anthropozoonosis.
679:
In the liver stage, many thousands of merozoites are produced in each schizont. As the merozoites are released, they invade erythrocytes and initiate the erythrocytic cycle, where the parasite digests hemoglobin to obtain amino acids for protein synthesis.
852:
the researchers presented three patients who were found to be infected with the parasite after taking anti-malarial medications. Given the slower pre-erythrocytic development and longer incubation period compared to the other malaria causing
440:, much of southeast Asia, Indonesia, on many of the islands of the western Pacific and in areas of the Amazon Basin of South America. In endemic regions, prevalence ranges from less than 4% to more than 20%, but there is evidence that
1715:
Albert
Lalremruata, Magda Magris, Sarai Vivas-MartĂnez, Maike Koehler, Meral Esen (September 2015), "Natural infection of Plasmodium brasilianum in humans: Man and monkey share quartan malaria parasites in the Venezuelan Amazon",
841:. A pattern has emerged in which an infection of short duration causes a rapidly declining immune response, but upon re-infection or recrudescence, the IFA level rises significantly and remains present for many months or years.
1574:
365:
865:
can occur when plasma concentrations of the anti-malarials gradually decrease after the anti-malarial medications are taken. According to Dr. William E. Collins from the Center of
Disease Control (CDC),
435:
is the one of the least studied of the six species that infect humans, in part because of its low prevalence and milder clinical manifestations compared to the other species. It is widespread throughout
934:
Both of these experiments illustrate that development of vaccine options will prove challenging, if not impossible. Dr. William
Collins doubts that anyone is currently looking for possible vaccines for
1476:
Mohapatra PK, Prakash A, Bhattacharyya DR, Goswami BK, Ahmed A, Sarmah B, Mahanta J (July 2008). "Detection & molecular confirmation of a focus of
Plasmodium malariae in Arunachal Pradesh, India".
4585:
492:
mosquito, but many different species have been shown to transmit the parasite at least experimentally. Collins and
Jeffrey report over thirty different species, which vary by geographic region.
630:
is a eukaryote of the phylum
Apicomplexa. Unusual characteristics of this organism in comparison to general eukaryotes include the rhoptry, micronemes, and polar rings near the apical end.
4575:
606:
infections. Even with these techniques, however, it may still be impossible to differentiate infections, as is the case in areas of South
America where humans and monkeys coexist and
1578:
377:
Each year, approximately 500 million people will be infected with malaria worldwide. Of those infected, roughly two million will die from the disease. Malaria is caused by six
833:. The development of such an assay has included the use of generic primers that target a highly conserved region of the 18S rRNA genes of the four human-infecting species of
602:
is through the examination of peripheral blood films stained with Giemsa stain. PCR techniques are also commonly used for diagnoses confirmation as well as to separate mixed
1652:
Müller-Stöver I, Verweij JJ, Hoppenheit B, Göbels K, Häussinger D, Richter J (February 2008). "Plasmodium malariae infection in spite of previous anti-malarial medication".
887:
focused their attention on the aspartic endopeptidase class of enzymes, simply called plasmepsins. They sought to characterize the specificity for the enzymes cloned from
1504:
4632:
1758:
1258:
348:
Malaria has been recognized since the Greek and Roman civilizations over 2,000 years ago, with different patterns of fever described by the early Greeks. In 1880,
870:
is most commonly used for treatment and no evidence of resistance to this drug has been found. In that event, it is possible that the results from Müller-Stöver
5021:
966:
plasmepsin 4, by
Professor Ben Dunn and his research team from the University of Florida may provide hope for long term malaria control in the near future.
551:), the preference for development in older erythrocytes and the resulting earlier development of immunity by the human host. Another defining feature of
793:, which is an important reason to warn the laboratory immediately when the blood sample is drawn so they can process the sample as soon as it arrives.
5008:
571:
infections. It has been suggested that immune complexes may cause structural glomerular damage and that renal disease may also occur. Although
4625:
447:
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has an application that allows people to view specific parts of the world and how they are affected by
4480:
421:
species and so there is a great need for the development of effective treatments for decreasing the yearly mortality and morbidity rates.
1861:
508:
associated malaria is limited, but the data suggests that there is great variation, often the length of time depending on the strain of
4535:
1274:"Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the aspartic protease plasmepsin 4 from the malarial parasite Plasmodium malariae"
4176:
1553:
4618:
4565:
4560:
1902:
857:
species, the researchers hypothesized that the anti-malarials may not be effective enough against the pre-erythrocytic stages of
4418:
1897:
1272:
Madabushi A, Chakraborty S, Fisher SZ, Clemente JC, Yowell C, Agbandje-McKenna M, Dame JB, Dunn BM, McKenna R (February 2005).
725:
mosquito takes a blood meal from an infected individual, gametocytes are ingested from the infected person. A process known as
43:
4502:
563:
and fevers show quartan periodicity. Along with bouts of fever and more general clinical symptoms such as chills and nausea,
721:
mosquito and in the human host. The mosquito serves as the definitive host and the human host is the intermediate. When the
4580:
4555:
4353:
1981:
1971:
1954:
4465:
4219:
2140:
424:
4995:
504:, or the period of time between the infection of the parasite and demonstration of that parasite within the body, of
70:
4530:
478:
parasites, it can remain in a human host for an extended period of time and still remain infectious to mosquitoes.
403:
369:
Relative incidence of Plasmodium species by country of origin for imported cases to non-endemic countries, showing
931:
infections from different parts of the world. The data showed a high level of multi-genotypic carriage in humans.
5026:
4570:
991:
318:
infection. Found worldwide, it causes a so-called "benign malaria", not nearly as dangerous as that produced by
4497:
4346:
3733:
1211:"The geography of imported malaria to non-endemic countries: a meta-analysis of nationally reported statistics"
579:
species, as manifested in the incidences of anemia, low birth rate and reduced resistance to other infections.
397:
215:
531:
parasites, one being that maximum parasite counts are usually low compared to those in patients infected with
4986:
4734:
4702:
4550:
4427:
4288:
4236:
3973:
3871:
3539:
3009:
1986:
1854:
1503:
Singh B, Kim Sung L, Matusop A, Radhakrishnan A, Shamsul SS, Cox-Singh J, Thomas A, Conway DJ (March 2004).
474:
can be maintained at very low infection rates among a sparse and mobile population because unlike the other
4948:
4923:
4706:
3027:
1041:
691:
4775:
4507:
4475:
4283:
4249:
4231:
4169:
3782:
3302:
2321:
2260:
2182:
1949:
1252:
1001:
540:
385:
304:
194:
2826:
2816:
3338:
2979:
2821:
2770:
2760:
826:
806:
800:(erythrocyte) is never enlarged and may even appear smaller than that of normal red blood cells. The
501:
417:. At any one time, an estimated 300 million people are said to be infected with at least one of these
4403:
4035:
3888:
3330:
3314:
3310:
3306:
2962:
2862:
2074:
1799:
1381:
730:
4023:
4011:
3962:
3584:
3278:
3262:
3258:
3004:
2950:
2775:
726:
5062:
4791:
4720:
4641:
4460:
4363:
4336:
4270:
4029:
4006:
3989:
3596:
3334:
3270:
3207:
3164:
3021:
3016:
2844:
2356:
2021:
413:
4089:
3893:
3859:
3830:
3576:
3505:
3322:
3266:
2765:
2718:
2350:
2015:
2006:
895:
Using substrate specificity studies and inhibitor analysis, it was found that the plasmepsins for
4888:
4540:
4525:
4470:
4081:
4064:
4047:
3998:
3955:
3950:
3900:
3318:
3274:
3254:
3054:
2991:
2967:
2273:
2230:
2116:
2049:
1966:
1944:
1932:
1907:
1847:
1677:
1631:
1535:
539:
The reason for this can possibly be accounted for by the lower number of merozoites produced per
437:
224:
65:
4118:
4110:
4056:
3326:
2986:
2925:
2327:
2316:
2026:
830:
4094:
2218:
848:
infection is underscored by its possible anti-malarial resistance. In a study by Müller-Stöver
789:
for more than 30 minutes before the blood film is made will look very similar in appearance to
5034:
4748:
4712:
4610:
4487:
4069:
3943:
3905:
3380:
3298:
2942:
2780:
2641:
2564:
2135:
1976:
1939:
1927:
1917:
1825:
1752:
1741:
1669:
1623:
1527:
1485:
1455:
1397:
1350:
1303:
1240:
1191:
643:
2997:
5039:
4843:
4802:
4783:
4779:
4601:
4373:
4341:
4256:
4242:
4214:
4204:
4162:
3818:
3372:
3348:
3344:
3182:
3126:
2623:
2427:
2165:
1891:
1815:
1807:
1731:
1721:
1661:
1613:
1519:
1445:
1437:
1389:
1342:
1293:
1285:
1230:
1222:
1181:
1173:
1011:
1006:
781:
775:
391:
349:
310:
211:
5000:
1788:"Plasmodium malariae and P. ovale genomes provide insights into malaria parasite evolution"
4545:
4408:
4380:
3806:
3384:
3352:
3172:
3168:
3131:
3109:
3074:
2785:
2584:
2516:
2446:
2177:
2170:
1557:
658:
which recur at approximately three-day intervals (therefore occurring every fourth day, a
1803:
1385:
1031:
575:
alone has a low morbidity rate, it does contribute to the total morbidity caused by all
555:
is that the fever manifestations of the parasite are more moderate relative to those of
4910:
4880:
4740:
4657:
4649:
4645:
3701:
3617:
3527:
3448:
3388:
3358:
3141:
3085:
3062:
2885:
2646:
2601:
2434:
2414:
2303:
2069:
1922:
1874:
1820:
1787:
1736:
1450:
1425:
1298:
1273:
1235:
1210:
1186:
1161:
797:
108:
95:
1523:
1426:"Characterization and application of multiple genetic markers for Plasmodium malariae"
1226:
5056:
4929:
4849:
4754:
4358:
4321:
4209:
3967:
3876:
3716:
3665:
3652:
3635:
3559:
3406:
3294:
3215:
3136:
3091:
3079:
3044:
2836:
2747:
2677:
2589:
2572:
2451:
2292:
2279:
2111:
353:
332:
1681:
1635:
1505:"A large focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings"
4874:
4865:
4766:
4726:
4492:
4331:
4129:
3835:
3823:
3777:
3757:
3706:
3683:
3551:
3534:
3522:
3465:
3453:
3417:
3394:
3288:
3284:
3250:
3192:
3187:
3176:
3160:
3156:
3118:
2973:
2955:
2879:
2689:
2665:
2653:
2495:
2475:
2458:
2439:
2405:
2341:
2225:
2195:
2093:
1539:
161:
151:
141:
944:
parasite that infects South American monkeys is thought to be an adapted form of
4980:
4684:
4675:
4432:
4368:
4017:
3938:
3921:
3811:
3802:
3739:
3727:
3721:
3626:
3472:
3459:
3232:
3197:
3151:
3146:
2917:
2855:
2706:
2634:
2628:
2577:
2543:
2523:
2391:
2285:
2268:
2248:
2207:
2152:
2123:
2098:
1726:
1209:
Tatem AJ, Jia P, Ordanovich D, Falkner M, Huang Z, Howes R; et al. (2017).
867:
746:
734:
131:
352:
discovered that the causative agent of malaria is a parasite. Detailed work of
4818:
4437:
4413:
4303:
4298:
4226:
4123:
3864:
3769:
3746:
3694:
3688:
3646:
3640:
3589:
3564:
3514:
3441:
3429:
3423:
3399:
3244:
3240:
3220:
3097:
3067:
2897:
2797:
2792:
2735:
2729:
2682:
2670:
2658:
2610:
2483:
2463:
2237:
2200:
2158:
2146:
2057:
1665:
1441:
1393:
1289:
683:
The total length of the intraerythrocytic development is roughly 72 hours for
590:
infections. Molecular analysis is usually required for an accurate diagnosis.
379:
340:– longer than the two-day (tertian) intervals of the other malarial parasite.
171:
4971:
4894:
4666:
4442:
4293:
4278:
3930:
3841:
3751:
3676:
3658:
3601:
3477:
3411:
2873:
2867:
2849:
2723:
2694:
2618:
2500:
2422:
2361:
2188:
1878:
1870:
1839:
1602:"Looking under the skin: the first steps in malarial infection and immunity"
907:
Unfortunately, this means that the development of a selective inhibitor for
801:
758:
488:
292:
121:
82:
58:
17:
1829:
1745:
1673:
1627:
1600:
MĂ©nard, R; Tavares, J; Cockburn, I; Markus, M; Zavala, F; Amino, R (2013).
1531:
1489:
1459:
1401:
1346:
1307:
1244:
1195:
975:
543:, the longer 72-hour developmental cycle (compared to the 48-hour cycle of
1354:
4965:
4918:
4697:
4689:
3881:
3794:
3670:
3435:
2930:
2891:
2809:
2753:
2554:
2242:
2104:
2081:
1961:
1177:
762:
456:
299:
1811:
1618:
1601:
974:
In 2017 the full genome was published. The sequences can be accessed on
470:
can infect several species of mosquito and can cause malaria in humans.
5013:
4834:
4812:
4797:
4199:
4185:
2803:
2741:
2488:
2380:
2297:
2128:
2086:
2062:
2040:
1061:
996:
622:
523:
causes a chronic infection that in some cases can last a lifetime. The
315:
698:
feeding and the cycle is repeated. There are no animal reservoirs for
2212:
919:
presented evidence that there may be regular genetic exchange within
634:
is known best for the infection it causes in humans, namely, malaria.
51:
4942:
512:
parasite. Usually, the prepatent period ranges from 16 to 59 days.
4385:
655:
642:
621:
423:
364:
327:
786:
357:
parasite responsible for these different patterns of infection.
295:
that causes malaria in humans. It is one of several species of
4946:
4614:
4158:
1843:
927:
were isolated and analyzed in 70 samples of naturally acquired
4326:
4586:
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
829:
primers and to efforts towards the development of real-time
911:
may prove more challenging than the development of one for
694:, there are roughly 6–8 parasite cells in the erythrocyte.
4154:
1424:
Bruce MC, Macheso A, Galinski MR, Barnwell JW (May 2007).
809:
are often seen in these parasites: more so than any other
527:
parasite has several differences between it and the other
582:
Due to a similarity in the appearances of the pathogens,
486:
The vector of transmission of the parasite is the female
302:
that infect other organisms as pathogens, also including
962:
The continuing work with the plasmepsin associated with
4576:
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
979:
1060:
Coatney GR, Collins WE, Warren M, Contacos PG (1971).
330:
that recur at approximately three-day intervals – a
4955:
4909:
4864:
4833:
4765:
4683:
4674:
4665:
4656:
4518:
4453:
4396:
4314:
4192:
4109:
4080:
4055:
4046:
3997:
3988:
3929:
3920:
3852:
3793:
3768:
3625:
3616:
3575:
3550:
3513:
3504:
3371:
3231:
3206:
3117:
3108:
3053:
3042:
2941:
2916:
2835:
2705:
2609:
2600:
2563:
2552:
2541:
2474:
2413:
2404:
2389:
2378:
2349:
2340:
2259:
2048:
2039:
2014:
2005:
757:The ring stages that are formed by the invasion of
1072:. Division of Parasitic Disease, CDC. p. 209.
923:populations. Six polymorphic genetic markers from
878:Public health, prevention strategies and vaccines
455:parasite. It can be found at the following link:
1647:
1645:
565:the presence of edema and the nephrotic syndrome
1720:, vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 1186–1192,
1575:"Malaria eModule - ASEXUAL ERYTHROCYTIC STAGES"
654:is the only human malaria parasite that causes
4626:
4170:
1855:
666:) intervals of the other malarial parasites.
8:
1757:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1257:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
766:across the host cell to form the band form.
1701:Collins, William. "RE: Current research on
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1471:
1469:
1162:"Plasmodium malariae: parasite and disease"
825:infections has led to modifications of the
805:would say is diagnostic). Large grains of
4943:
4680:
4671:
4662:
4633:
4619:
4611:
4177:
4163:
4155:
4052:
3994:
3926:
3622:
3510:
3501:
3114:
3050:
2711:
2606:
2560:
2549:
2410:
2401:
2397:
2386:
2346:
2045:
2011:
2002:
1862:
1848:
1840:
1366:
1364:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
844:The increasing need to correctly identify
428:Geographical areas of malaria transmission
42:
31:
1819:
1775:" Email to Chibuzo Eke. 18 February 2009.
1735:
1725:
1705:" Email to Chibuzo Eke. 18 February 2009.
1617:
1449:
1297:
1234:
1185:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
861:They thought that further development of
717:has distinct developmental cycles in the
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1372:allophenylnorstatine-based inhibitor".
1160:Collins WE, Jeffery GM (October 2007).
1052:
598:The preferable method for diagnosis of
1750:
1569:
1567:
1478:The Indian Journal of Medical Research
1250:
903:showed less specificity than that for
709:Similar to the other human-infecting
586:infections are often misdiagnosed as
457:http://cdc.gov/malaria/map/index.html
444:infections are vastly underreported.
7:
4481:National Malaria Eradication Program
4536:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
733:soon ensues and up to eight mobile
1771:Dunn, Ben."RE:Current research on
761:released by rupturing liver stage
25:
796:Microscopically, the parasitised
27:Species of single-celled organism
4597:
4596:
4566:African Leaders Malaria Alliance
4561:South African Malaria Initiative
1554:"Biology: Malaria (CDC malaria)"
1374:Acta Crystallographica Section D
1278:Acta Crystallographica Section F
1024:
614:are not easily distinguishable.
69:
54:-stained micrograph of a mature
4419:Malaria antigen detection tests
952:may hold valuable insight into
745:Following fertilization of the
4503:Malaria in Mandatory Palestine
874:provided isolated incidences.
567:has been documented with some
1:
4581:Medicines for Malaria Venture
4556:African Malaria Network Trust
1524:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15836-4
1227:10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30326-7
1166:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
690:At the schizont stage, after
254:Plasmodium malariae quartanae
4466:Millennium Development Goals
662:), longer than the two-day (
1727:10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.07.033
1606:Nature Reviews Microbiology
1066:(Grassi and Feletti, 1890)"
675:Liver stage and blood stage
5079:
4531:Against Malaria Foundation
404:Plasmodium ovale wallikeri
4594:
4571:Amazon Malaria Initiative
3500:
2714:
2511:
2400:
2314:
2001:
1885:
1666:10.1007/s00436-007-0804-4
1442:10.1017/S0031182006001958
1394:10.1107/S0907444905041260
1335:Experimental Parasitology
1290:10.1107/S1744309105001405
992:List of parasites (human)
770:Laboratory considerations
451:, and other types of the
249:Celli and Sanfelice, 1891
230:
223:
200:
193:
66:Scientific classification
64:
50:
41:
34:
4498:Malaria in the Caribbean
4347:Sterile insect technique
647:Plasmodium malariae wiki
398:Plasmodium ovale curtisi
237:Feletti and Grassi, 1889
4735:Cyclospora cayetanensis
4703:Cryptosporidium hominis
4551:Africa Fighting Malaria
4397:Diagnosis and treatment
3540:Vitrella brassicaformis
942:Plasmodium brasilianium
915:Another study by Bruce
821:Failure to detect some
813:species, 8 merozoites.
314:, responsible for most
4924:Prototheca wickerhamii
4707:Cryptosporidium parvum
4315:Control and prevention
1347:10.1006/expr.1997.4225
817:Management and therapy
648:
635:
500:Information about the
429:
374:
4776:Plasmodium falciparum
4508:Malaria Atlas Project
2261:Postciliodesmatophora
1654:Parasitology Research
1002:Plasmodium falciparum
646:
625:
427:
386:Plasmodium falciparum
368:
305:Plasmodium falciparum
4404:Diagnosis of malaria
4220:Pregnancy-associated
2963:Eleutheroschizonidae
2075:Cariacothrix caudata
1773:Plasmodium malariae.
1703:Plasmodium malariae.
1178:10.1128/CMR.00027-07
1070:The primate malarias
692:schizogonic division
326:. The signs include
5001:Plasmodium_malariae
4987:Plasmodium malariae
4957:Plasmodium malariae
4721:Cystoisospora belli
4642:Protozoan infection
4461:Diseases of poverty
4454:Society and malaria
4364:Sickle-cell anaemia
4337:Malaria prophylaxis
3208:Blastogregarinorina
3165:Oligochaetocystinae
1812:10.1038/nature21038
1804:2017Natur.542..101R
1619:10.1038/nrmicro3111
1581:on 22 December 2007
1560:on 13 October 2008.
1386:2006AcCrD..62..246C
1064:Plasmodium malariae
1042:Plasmodium malariae
948:more research with
715:Plasmodium malariae
521:Plasmodium malariae
516:Infection in humans
414:Plasmodium knowlesi
409:Plasmodium malariae
288:Plasmodium malariae
274:Plasmodium rodhaini
262:Haemamoeba laverani
242:Plasmodium malariae
234:Haemamoeba malariae
204:Plasmodium malariae
56:Plasmodium malariae
36:Plasmodium malariae
4889:Pythium insidiosum
4541:Imagine No Malaria
4526:Malaria Consortium
4471:History of malaria
4354:Genetic resistance
4279:Anopheles mosquito
3303:Amphiplatysporidae
3255:Cephaloidophoridae
3055:Archigregarinorida
2050:Intramacronucleata
649:
636:
541:erythrocytic cycle
438:sub-Saharan Africa
430:
375:
5050:
5049:
5035:Open Tree of Life
4949:Taxon identifiers
4940:
4939:
4905:
4904:
4860:
4859:
4829:
4828:
4749:Toxoplasma gondii
4713:Cryptosporidiosis
4608:
4607:
4488:World Malaria Day
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4105:
4104:
3984:
3983:
3916:
3915:
3612:
3611:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3381:Schizogregarinina
3367:
3366:
3038:
3037:
2943:Protococcidiorida
2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2827:Selenococcidiidae
2817:Elleipsisomatidae
2781:Cryptosporidiidae
2642:Haemogregarinidae
2565:Agamococcidiorida
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2336:
2335:
2136:Oligohymenophorea
2035:
2034:
1798:(7639): 101–104.
1518:(9414): 1017–24.
1215:Lancet Infect Dis
496:Incubation period
284:
283:
278:
270:
258:
250:
238:
16:(Redirected from
5070:
5043:
5042:
5030:
5029:
5017:
5016:
5004:
5003:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4944:
4844:Balantidium coli
4803:Blackwater fever
4681:
4672:
4663:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4612:
4600:
4599:
4374:G6PDH deficiency
4342:Mosquito control
4215:Blackwater fever
4179:
4172:
4165:
4156:
4053:
3995:
3927:
3819:Duboscquellaceae
3623:
3511:
3502:
3373:Neogregarinorida
3349:Actinocephalidae
3345:Stylocephaloidea
3339:Trichorhynchidae
3183:Schaudinnellidae
3127:Aikinetocystidae
3115:
3051:
2980:Eleutheroschizon
2822:Lankesterellidae
2771:Calyptosporiidae
2761:Atoxoplasmatidae
2712:
2624:Dactylosomatidae
2607:
2561:
2550:
2411:
2402:
2398:
2387:
2347:
2166:Parablepharismea
2141:Ichthyophthirius
2046:
2012:
2003:
1914:
1894:
1864:
1857:
1850:
1841:
1834:
1833:
1823:
1782:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1739:
1729:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1686:
1685:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1621:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1577:. Archived from
1571:
1562:
1561:
1556:. Archived from
1550:
1544:
1543:
1509:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1436:(Pt 5): 637–50.
1421:
1406:
1405:
1380:(Pt 3): 246–52.
1368:
1359:
1358:
1329:
1312:
1311:
1301:
1284:(Pt 2): 228–31.
1269:
1263:
1262:
1256:
1248:
1238:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1157:
1074:
1073:
1057:
1028:
1027:
1012:Plasmodium ovale
1007:Plasmodium vivax
827:species-specific
807:malarial pigment
502:prepatent period
449:Plasmodium vivax
392:Plasmodium vivax
350:Alphonse Laveran
311:Plasmodium vivax
276:
268:
256:
248:
236:
206:
186:P. malariae
74:
73:
46:
32:
21:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5038:
5033:
5025:
5020:
5012:
5007:
4999:
4994:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4951:
4941:
4936:
4901:
4856:
4825:
4761:
4688:
4652:
4639:
4609:
4604:
4590:
4546:Malaria No More
4514:
4449:
4409:Malaria culture
4392:
4381:Malaria vaccine
4310:
4188:
4183:
4153:
4136:
4101:
4076:
4042:
4036:Rhizellobiopsis
3980:
3912:
3889:Pronoctilucidae
3848:
3807:Amoebophryaceae
3789:
3764:
3715:Without theca:
3608:
3571:
3546:
3484:
3385:Caulleryellidae
3363:
3353:Stylocephalidae
3331:Sphaerocystidae
3315:Dactylophoridae
3311:Cnemidosporidae
3307:Brustiophoridae
3227:
3202:
3173:Stomatophorinae
3169:Rhynchocystinae
3132:Allantocystidae
3110:Eugregarinorida
3104:
3075:Selenidioididae
3047:
3034:
2937:
2904:
2863:Toxoplasmatinae
2831:
2786:Cryptosporidium
2701:
2596:
2585:Rhytidocystidae
2557:
2546:
2529:
2517:Cardiosporidium
2507:
2470:
2447:Leucocytozoidae
2394:
2383:
2366:
2332:
2310:
2255:
2178:Phyllopharyngea
2171:Parablepharisma
2031:
1997:
1996:
1912:
1890:
1881:
1868:
1838:
1837:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1749:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1689:
1651:
1650:
1643:
1612:(10): 701–712.
1599:
1598:
1594:
1584:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1423:
1422:
1409:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1331:
1330:
1315:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1249:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1159:
1158:
1077:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1029:
1025:
1020:
988:
972:
950:P. brasilianium
880:
819:
772:
755:
743:
731:microgametocyte
707:
677:
672:
670:Human infection
641:
620:
596:
518:
498:
484:
465:
463:Role in disease
363:
346:
338:quartan malaria
291:is a parasitic
219:
208:
202:
189:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5076:
5074:
5066:
5065:
5055:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5031:
5018:
5005:
4992:
4977:
4961:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4915:
4913:
4911:Archaeplastida
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4881:Blastocystosis
4870:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4771:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4741:Cyclosporiasis
4731:
4730:
4729:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4694:
4692:
4678:
4669:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4650:Archaeplastida
4640:
4638:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4615:
4606:
4605:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4281:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4159:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4086:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4061:
4059:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4024:Parallobiopsis
4012:Elliobiocystis
4003:
4001:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3963:Rastromonadida
3960:
3948:
3935:
3933:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3898:
3886:
3874:
3869:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3828:
3816:
3799:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3774:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3744:
3712:
3711:
3702:Prorocentrales
3699:
3681:
3663:
3634:With a theca:
3631:
3629:
3620:
3618:Dinoflagellata
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3594:
3585:Alphamonadidae
3581:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3532:
3528:Chromera velia
3519:
3517:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3470:
3449:Schizocystidae
3446:
3404:
3392:
3389:Ophryocystidae
3377:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3359:Blabericolidae
3356:
3342:
3292:
3282:
3279:Uradiophoridae
3263:Didymophoridae
3259:Cephalolobidae
3248:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3142:Enterocystidae
3139:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3086:Meroselenidium
3072:
3063:Exoschizonidae
3059:
3057:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3014:
3005:Mackinnoniidae
3002:
2984:
2960:
2951:Angeiocystidae
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2886:Nephroisospora
2860:
2841:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2790:
2778:
2776:Caryotrophidae
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2687:
2675:
2663:
2651:
2647:Haemogregarina
2639:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2602:Eucoccidiorida
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2582:
2569:
2567:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2493:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2456:
2444:
2435:Haemoproteidae
2432:
2419:
2417:
2415:Haemospororida
2408:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2355:
2353:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2304:Tracheloraphis
2290:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2235:
2223:
2205:
2193:
2175:
2163:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2091:
2079:
2070:Cariacotrichea
2067:
2054:
2052:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2020:
2018:
2009:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1987:Mesomycetozoea
1984:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1923:Diaphoretickes
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1777:
1764:
1707:
1687:
1641:
1592:
1563:
1545:
1495:
1465:
1407:
1360:
1313:
1264:
1201:
1075:
1051:
1050:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
987:
984:
971:
968:
913:P. falciparum.
905:P. falciparum.
879:
876:
818:
815:
798:red blood cell
771:
768:
754:
751:
742:
739:
727:exflagellation
706:
705:Mosquito stage
703:
676:
673:
671:
668:
640:
637:
626:As a protist,
619:
616:
612:P. brasilianum
595:
592:
517:
514:
497:
494:
483:
480:
464:
461:
362:
359:
345:
342:
282:
281:
280:
279:
271:
259:
251:
239:
228:
227:
221:
220:
209:
198:
197:
191:
190:
183:
181:
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
152:Haemospororida
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
112:
111:
106:
99:
98:
96:Diaphoretickes
93:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5075:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5041:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4988:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4945:
4931:
4930:Protothecosis
4928:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4851:
4850:Balantidiasis
4848:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4756:
4755:Toxoplasmosis
4753:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4624:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4603:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:Organisations
4517:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4428:Antimalarials
4426:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4359:Duffy antigen
4357:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4322:Public health
4320:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4210:Quartan fever
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4180:
4175:
4173:
4168:
4166:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4030:Thalassomyces
4026:
4025:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4007:Ellobiopsidae
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Protalveolata
3987:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3968:Parvilucifera
3964:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3877:Oxyrrhinaceae
3875:
3873:
3872:Ichthyodinium
3870:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3717:Gymnodiniales
3714:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3666:Gonyaulacales
3664:
3661:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3653:Ornithocercus
3649:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3636:Dinophysiales
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3597:Voromonadidae
3595:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3560:Colpodellidae
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3407:Lipotrophidae
3405:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3335:Stenophoridae
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3295:Stenophoricae
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3271:Hirmocystidae
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3216:Siedleckiidae
3214:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:Diplocystidae
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3092:Selenidioides
3088:
3087:
3082:
3081:
3080:Merogregarina
3076:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3045:Gregarinasina
3041:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3023:
3022:Myriosporides
3018:
3017:Myriosporidae
3015:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2845:Sarcocystinae
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2837:Sarcocystidae
2834:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2748:Pseudoklossia
2744:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2678:Klossiellidae
2676:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2591:
2590:Rhytidocystis
2586:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2573:Gemmocystidae
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2540:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:Leucocytozoon
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2377:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:Colponemadida
2354:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2293:Karyorelictea
2291:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2280:Climacostomum
2276:
2275:
2270:
2269:Heterotrichea
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2112:Muranotrichea
2110:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2022:Acavomonadida
2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Stramenopiles
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1913:(major groups
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1660:(3): 547–50.
1659:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:(3): 185–93.
1340:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:(1): 98–107.
1220:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1172:(4): 579–92.
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1056:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
985:
983:
981:
977:
969:
967:
965:
960:
956:
955:
951:
947:
943:
938:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
877:
875:
873:
869:
864:
860:
856:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
816:
814:
812:
808:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
783:
778:
777:
769:
767:
764:
760:
752:
750:
748:
740:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
704:
702:
701:
695:
693:
688:
686:
681:
674:
669:
667:
665:
661:
660:quartan fever
657:
653:
645:
638:
633:
629:
624:
617:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
593:
591:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
557:P. falciparum
554:
550:
549:P. falciparum
546:
542:
538:
534:
533:P. falciparum
530:
526:
522:
515:
513:
511:
507:
503:
495:
493:
491:
490:
481:
479:
477:
473:
469:
462:
460:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
434:
426:
422:
420:
416:
415:
410:
406:
405:
400:
399:
395:
393:
388:
387:
382:
381:
372:
367:
360:
358:
355:
351:
343:
341:
339:
335:
334:
333:quartan fever
329:
325:
321:
320:P. falciparum
317:
313:
312:
307:
306:
301:
298:
294:
290:
289:
275:
272:
267:
263:
260:
255:
252:
247:
243:
240:
235:
232:
231:
229:
226:
222:
217:
213:
207:
205:
199:
196:
195:Binomial name
192:
188:
187:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
4956:
4922:
4887:
4875:Blastocystis
4873:
4866:Stramenopile
4842:
4811:
4787:
4774:
4767:Aconoidasida
4747:
4733:
4727:Isosporiasis
4719:
4701:
4493:Epidemiology
4332:Mosquito net
4269:
4263:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4130:Platyproteum
4128:
4122:
4093:
4090:Chilovoridae
4068:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
3972:
3966:
3954:
3942:
3904:
3894:Pronoctiluca
3892:
3880:
3863:
3860:Acrocoelidae
3840:
3836:Hematodinium
3834:
3831:Syndiniaceae
3824:Duboscquella
3822:
3810:
3781:
3778:Noctilucales
3758:Symbiodinium
3756:
3750:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3707:Prorocentrum
3705:
3693:
3687:
3684:Peridiniales
3675:
3669:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3600:
3588:
3577:Voromonadida
3563:
3552:Colpodellida
3538:
3535:Vitrellaceae
3526:
3523:Chromeraceae
3506:Apicomonadea
3476:
3466:Schizocystis
3464:
3458:
3454:Lymphotropha
3452:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3418:Farinocystis
3416:
3410:
3398:
3395:Gigaductidae
3323:Monoductidae
3289:Porosporidae
3285:Porosporicae
3267:Gregarinidae
3251:Gregarinicae
3219:
3193:Thiriotiidae
3188:Selenidiidae
3177:Zygocystinae
3161:Monocystinae
3157:Monocystidae
3119:Aseptatorina
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3066:
3026:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2990:
2978:
2974:Defretinella
2972:
2966:
2956:Angeiocystis
2954:
2929:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2880:Hyaloklossia
2878:
2872:
2866:
2854:
2848:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2784:
2766:Barrouxiidae
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2719:Aggregatidae
2693:
2690:Legerellidae
2681:
2669:
2666:Karyolysidae
2657:
2654:Hepatozoidae
2645:
2633:
2627:
2588:
2576:
2522:
2515:
2499:
2496:Theileriidae
2487:
2476:Piroplasmida
2462:
2459:Plasmodiidae
2450:
2440:Haemoproteus
2438:
2426:
2406:Aconoidasida
2360:
2351:Colponemadea
2342:Colponemidia
2326:
2320:
2302:
2296:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2247:
2241:
2238:Spirotrichea
2229:
2226:Protocruziea
2217:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2183:Chilodonella
2181:
2169:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2097:
2094:Litostomatea
2085:
2073:
2061:
2025:
2016:Acavomonadea
2007:Acavomonidia
1972:Opisthokonta
1795:
1791:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1718:eBioMedicine
1717:
1710:
1702:
1657:
1653:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1583:. Retrieved
1579:the original
1558:the original
1548:
1515:
1511:
1498:
1481:
1477:
1433:
1430:Parasitology
1429:
1377:
1373:
1338:
1334:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1253:cite journal
1218:
1214:
1204:
1169:
1165:
1069:
1063:
1055:
1040:
1039:
1038:profile for
1035:
980:plasmoDB.org
973:
964:P. malariae,
963:
961:
957:
954:P. malariae.
953:
949:
946:P. malariae,
945:
941:
936:
933:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
893:P. malariae.
892:
888:
884:
881:
871:
862:
859:P. malariae.
858:
854:
849:
845:
843:
839:P. malariae.
838:
834:
822:
820:
810:
795:
790:
780:
774:
773:
756:
744:
741:Sexual stage
737:are formed.
735:microgametes
722:
718:
714:
710:
708:
700:P. malariae.
699:
696:
689:
684:
682:
678:
663:
659:
651:
650:
631:
627:
611:
607:
603:
599:
597:
587:
583:
581:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:
509:
505:
499:
487:
485:
475:
471:
467:
466:
452:
448:
446:
441:
432:
431:
418:
412:
408:
402:
396:
390:
384:
378:
376:
370:
361:Epidemiology
347:
337:
331:
323:
319:
309:
303:
296:
287:
286:
285:
277:Brumpt, 1939
273:
265:
261:
253:
245:
241:
233:
203:
201:
185:
184:
172:
162:Plasmodiidae
142:Aconoidasida
115:
102:
89:
55:
35:
29:
18:Quartan ague
4981:Wikispecies
4685:Conoidasida
4676:Apicomplexa
4476:Roman fever
4433:Artemisinin
4369:Thalassemia
4082:Chilovorida
4065:Algovoridae
4048:Myzomonadea
4018:Ellobiopsis
3999:Ellobiopsea
3974:Rastrimonas
3956:Phagodinium
3951:Phagodinida
3939:Perkinsidae
3922:Perkinsozoa
3901:Psammosidae
3812:Amoebophyra
3803:Syndiniales
3740:Karlodinium
3728:Gymnodinium
3722:Amphidinium
3627:Dinokaryota
3473:Syncystidae
3460:Machadoella
3319:Leidyanidae
3275:Metameridae
3233:Septatorina
3198:Urosporidae
3152:Lecudinidae
3147:Ganymedidae
3010:Mackinnonia
2992:Coelotropha
2968:Coelotropha
2918:Ixorheorida
2856:Sarcocystis
2707:Eimeriorina
2635:Dactylosoma
2629:Babesiosoma
2578:Gemmocystis
2544:Conoidasida
2524:Nephromyces
2392:Apicomplexa
2286:Blepharisma
2249:Stylonychia
2231:Protocruzia
2208:Prostomatea
2196:Plagiopylea
2153:Tetrahymena
2124:Nassophorea
2117:Muranothrix
2099:Balantidium
1585:11 December
1484:(1): 52–6.
976:geneDB.org
937:P. malariae
929:P. malariae
925:P. malariae
921:P. malariae
909:P. malariae
897:P. malariae
868:chloroquine
863:P. malariae
846:P. malariae
823:P. malariae
791:P. malariae
785:sitting in
747:macrogamete
713:parasites,
685:P. malariae
652:P. malariae
608:P. malariae
600:P. malariae
594:Diagnostics
588:P. malariae
584:P. knowlesi
573:P. malariae
569:P. malariae
553:P. malariae
525:P. malariae
510:P. malariae
506:P. malariae
472:P. malariae
468:P. malariae
442:P. malariae
433:P. malariae
371:P. malariae
269:Labbe, 1894
257:Kruse, 1892
132:Apicomplexa
5063:Plasmodium
4835:Ciliophora
4819:Babesiosis
4438:Mefloquine
4414:Blood film
4304:Gametocyte
4299:Hypnozoite
4284:Life cycle
4250:falciparum
4237:life cycle
4227:Plasmodium
4124:Filipodium
4119:Squirmidae
4111:Squirmidea
4057:Algovorida
3865:Acrocoelus
3770:Noctilucea
3747:Suessiales
3695:Peridinium
3689:Pfiesteria
3647:Histioneis
3641:Dinophysis
3590:Alphamonas
3565:Colpodella
3515:Chromerida
3442:Menzbieria
3430:Lipocystis
3424:Lipotropha
3400:Gigaductus
3327:Monoicidae
3245:Fusionidae
3241:Fusionicae
3221:Siedleckia
3098:Veloxidium
3068:Exoschizon
3028:Myriospora
2987:Grelliidae
2926:Ixorheidae
2898:Toxoplasma
2798:Cyclospora
2793:Eimeriidae
2736:Merocystis
2730:Grasseella
2683:Klossiella
2671:Karyolysus
2659:Hepatozoon
2611:Adeleorina
2484:Babesiidae
2464:Plasmodium
2328:Myrionecta
2322:Mesodinium
2317:Mesodiniea
2201:Plagiopyla
2159:Vorticella
2147:Paramecium
2058:Armophorea
2041:Ciliophora
2027:Acavomonas
1018:References
940:Since the
855:Plasmodium
835:Plasmodium
831:PCR assays
811:Plasmodium
759:merozoites
753:Morphology
711:Plasmodium
639:Life cycle
632:Plasmodium
628:Plasmodium
604:Plasmodium
577:Plasmodium
529:Plasmodium
476:Plasmodium
453:Plasmodium
419:Plasmodium
380:Plasmodium
373:in yellow.
297:Plasmodium
173:Plasmodium
4895:Pythiosis
4667:Alveolate
4443:Proguanil
4294:Merozoite
4095:Chilovora
3944:Perkinsus
3931:Perkinsea
3842:Syndinium
3783:Noctiluca
3752:Polarella
3677:Gonyaulax
3659:Oxyphysis
3602:Voromonas
3478:Syncystis
3412:Apicystis
2874:Hammondia
2868:Besnoitia
2850:Frenkelia
2724:Aggregata
2695:Legerella
2619:Adeleidae
2501:Theileria
2423:Garniidae
2362:Colponema
2219:Holophrya
2189:Tokophrya
1967:Amoebozoa
1945:Alveolata
1933:Cryptista
1908:Eukaryota
1879:Alveolata
1871:Eukaryota
802:cytoplasm
763:schizonts
723:Anopheles
719:Anopheles
537:P. vivax.
489:Anopheles
383:species:
300:parasites
293:protozoan
266:quartanae
246:quartanae
180:Species:
122:Alveolata
83:Eukaryota
5057:Category
4966:Wikidata
4919:Algaemia
4792:knowlesi
4788:malariae
4698:Coccidia
4690:Coccidia
4602:Category
4289:Schizont
4271:knowlesi
4264:malariae
4205:Cerebral
4070:Algovora
3906:Psammosa
3882:Oxyrrhis
3795:Syndinea
3671:Ceratium
3436:Mattesia
3299:Acutidae
2931:Ixorheis
2892:Neospora
2810:Isospora
2754:Selysina
2555:Coccidia
2243:Euplotes
2105:Dileptus
2082:Colpodea
1962:Amorphea
1940:Rhizaria
1928:Hacrobia
1918:Excavata
1903:Bacteria
1830:28117441
1753:citation
1746:26501116
1682:12491253
1674:18060428
1636:21437365
1628:24037451
1532:15051281
1490:18820359
1460:17140466
1402:16510971
1308:16511002
1245:27777030
1196:17934075
986:See also
901:P. vivax
889:P. vivax
782:P. ovale
776:P. vivax
561:P. vivax
545:P. vivax
324:P. vivax
316:malarial
225:Synonyms
158:Family:
128:Phylum:
79:Domain:
59:schizont
5014:7655747
4972:Q133969
4813:Babesia
4798:Malaria
4232:biology
4200:Malaria
4193:Biology
4186:Malaria
3734:Karenia
2998:Grellia
2804:Eimeria
2742:Ovivora
2489:Babesia
2381:Myzozoa
2298:Loxodes
2274:Stentor
2129:Nassula
2087:Colpoda
2063:Metopus
1977:Animals
1898:Archaea
1821:5326575
1800:Bibcode
1737:4588399
1540:7776536
1451:1868962
1382:Bibcode
1355:9371083
1299:1952262
1236:5392593
1187:2176047
1032:Scholia
997:Malaria
850:et al.,
729:of the
664:tertian
618:Biology
344:History
218:, 1889)
212:Feletti
168:Genus:
148:Order:
138:Class:
5040:352307
2428:Garnia
2213:Coleps
1955:Plants
1892:Domain
1828:
1818:
1792:Nature
1744:
1734:
1680:
1672:
1634:
1626:
1538:
1530:
1512:Lancet
1488:
1458:
1448:
1400:
1353:
1306:
1296:
1243:
1233:
1194:
1184:
1034:has a
970:Genome
917:et al.
885:et al.
872:et al.
656:fevers
482:Vector
328:fevers
216:Grassi
214:&
52:Giemsa
4784:ovale
4780:vivax
4386:RTS,S
4257:ovale
4243:vivax
3853:Other
1982:Fungi
1678:S2CID
1632:S2CID
1536:S2CID
1508:(PDF)
1036:topic
354:Golgi
264:var.
244:var.
116:Clade
103:Clade
90:Clade
5027:5858
5022:NCBI
5009:GBIF
4648:and
1826:PMID
1759:link
1742:PMID
1670:PMID
1624:PMID
1587:2007
1528:PMID
1486:PMID
1456:PMID
1398:PMID
1351:PMID
1304:PMID
1259:link
1241:PMID
1192:PMID
1062:"18
978:and
899:and
891:and
787:EDTA
779:and
610:and
559:and
547:and
411:and
308:and
4996:AFD
4658:SAR
4646:SAR
4327:DDT
1875:SAR
1816:PMC
1808:doi
1796:542
1732:PMC
1722:doi
1662:doi
1658:102
1614:doi
1520:doi
1516:363
1482:128
1446:PMC
1438:doi
1434:134
1390:doi
1343:doi
1294:PMC
1286:doi
1231:PMC
1223:doi
1182:PMC
1174:doi
535:or
336:or
322:or
109:SAR
5059::
5037::
5024::
5011::
4998::
4983::
4968::
4921::
4700::
4644::
4127:,
4033:,
4027:,
4021:,
4015:,
3971:,
3839:,
3805::
3755:,
3737:,
3731:,
3725:,
3692:,
3674:,
3656:,
3650:,
3644:,
3463:,
3457:,
3439:,
3433:,
3427:,
3421:,
3415:,
3387:,
3351:,
3337:,
3333:,
3329:,
3325:,
3321:,
3317:,
3313:,
3309:,
3305:,
3301:,
3277:,
3273:,
3269:,
3265:,
3261:,
3257:,
3175:,
3171:,
3167:,
3163:,
3095:,
3089:,
3083:,
3025:,
2995:,
2977:,
2971:,
2895:,
2889:,
2883:,
2877:,
2871:,
2853:,
2807:,
2801:,
2751:,
2745:,
2739:,
2733:,
2727:,
2632:,
2325:,
2301:,
2283:,
2277:,
2246:,
2216:,
2186:,
2156:,
2150:,
2144:,
2102:,
1877::
1873::
1824:.
1814:.
1806:.
1794:.
1790:.
1755:}}
1751:{{
1740:,
1730:,
1690:^
1676:.
1668:.
1656:.
1644:^
1630:.
1622:.
1610:11
1608:.
1604:.
1566:^
1534:.
1526:.
1514:.
1510:.
1480:.
1468:^
1454:.
1444:.
1432:.
1428:.
1410:^
1396:.
1388:.
1378:62
1376:.
1363:^
1349:.
1339:87
1337:.
1316:^
1302:.
1292:.
1282:61
1280:.
1276:.
1255:}}
1251:{{
1239:.
1229:.
1219:17
1217:.
1213:.
1190:.
1180:.
1170:20
1168:.
1164:.
1078:^
1068:.
982:.
687:.
459:.
407:,
401:,
389:,
118::
105::
92::
4790:/
4786:/
4782:/
4778:/
4705:/
4687:/
4634:e
4627:t
4620:v
4178:e
4171:t
4164:v
4133:)
4121:(
4098:)
4092:(
4073:)
4067:(
4039:)
4009:(
3977:)
3965:(
3959:)
3953:(
3947:)
3941:(
3909:)
3903:(
3897:)
3891:(
3885:)
3879:(
3868:)
3862:(
3845:)
3833:(
3827:)
3821:(
3815:)
3809:(
3786:)
3780:(
3761:)
3749:(
3743:)
3719:(
3710:)
3704:(
3698:)
3686:(
3680:)
3668:(
3662:)
3638:(
3605:)
3599:(
3593:)
3587:(
3568:)
3562:(
3543:)
3537:(
3531:)
3525:(
3481:)
3475:(
3469:)
3451:(
3445:)
3409:(
3403:)
3397:(
3391:)
3383:(
3355:)
3347:(
3341:)
3297:(
3291:)
3287:(
3281:)
3253:(
3247:)
3243:(
3224:)
3218:(
3179:)
3159:(
3101:)
3077:(
3071:)
3065:(
3031:)
3019:(
3013:)
3007:(
3001:)
2989:(
2983:)
2965:(
2959:)
2953:(
2934:)
2928:(
2901:)
2865:(
2859:)
2847:(
2813:)
2795:(
2789:)
2783:(
2757:)
2721:(
2698:)
2692:(
2686:)
2680:(
2674:)
2668:(
2662:)
2656:(
2650:)
2644:(
2638:)
2626:(
2593:)
2587:(
2581:)
2575:(
2504:)
2498:(
2492:)
2486:(
2467:)
2461:(
2455:)
2449:(
2443:)
2437:(
2431:)
2425:(
2365:)
2359:(
2331:)
2319:(
2307:)
2295:(
2289:)
2271:(
2252:)
2240:(
2234:)
2228:(
2222:)
2210:(
2204:)
2198:(
2192:)
2180:(
2174:)
2168:(
2162:)
2138:(
2132:)
2126:(
2120:)
2114:(
2108:)
2096:(
2090:)
2084:(
2078:)
2072:(
2066:)
2060:(
2030:)
2024:(
1989:)
1863:e
1856:t
1849:v
1832:.
1810::
1802::
1761:)
1724::
1684:.
1664::
1638:.
1616::
1589:.
1542:.
1522::
1492:.
1462:.
1440::
1404:.
1392::
1384::
1357:.
1345::
1310:.
1288::
1261:)
1247:.
1225::
1198:.
1176::
1046:.
394:,
210:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
