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morals of the people also immediately decline." He directed the bishops to choose carefully those candidates to be admitted to the seminary. "You must examine with greater diligence the morals and the knowledge of men who are entrusted with the care and guidance of souls, that they may be eager to continuously feed and assist the people entrusted to them by the administration of the sacraments, the preaching of Godâs word and the example of good works...Consecrate with holy orders and promote to the performance of the sacred mysteries only those who have been carefully examined and who are virtuous and wise."
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Gregory's condemnation of "...The crafty Bible
Societies which renew the old skill of the heretics and ceaselessly force on people of all kinds, even the uneducated, gifts of the Bible. They issue these in large numbers and at great cost, in vernacular translations... The commentaries which are included often contain perverse explanations; so, having rejected divine tradition, the doctrine of the Fathers and the authority of the Catholic Church, they all interpret the words of the Lord by their own private judgment, thereby perverting their meaning."
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resembled
Freemasonry but with a commitment to Italian nationalism and no association with Napoleon and his government. The Carbonari was a secret society divided into small covert cells scattered across Italy. They were strongly anti-clerical in both their philosophy and programme. The Carbonari movement spread across Italy. A well-known member of the Carbonari was
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205:"Qui pluribus" contains the first mention of communism in any papal encyclopedia. Pius described communism as "...a doctrine most opposed to the very natural law. For if this doctrine were accepted, the complete destruction of everyoneâs laws, government, property, and even of human society itself would follow."
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As a partial remedy, Pius then spoke at some length on the education and training of the clergy, "However, priests are the best examples of piety and Godâs worship, and people tend generally to be of the same quality as their priests. When ministers are ignorant or neglectful of their duty, then the
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The encyclical is particularly directed against socialists and communists, who through "their outlandish errors and their many harmful methods, plots and contrivances... which they use to set in motion their plans to quench peoplesâ zeal for piety, justice and virtue, to corrupt morals, to cast all
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the supreme pontificate..., We are sending this letter to you without delay, in accordance with the established practice of Our predecessors. Its purpose is to urge that you keep the night-watches over the flock entrusted to your care with the greatest possible eagerness, wakefulness and effort..."
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Pius IX was elected to the papacy in June 1846. The following
November, he addressed this encyclical to "All Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, and Bishops", exhorting them to be vigilant against the dangers of rationalism, pantheism, Communism, and modernity. "Therefore, since We have now assumed
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Italian nationalism exploded in the post-Napoleonic years, leading to the establishment of secret societies bent on a unified Italy. After 1815, Freemasonry in Italy was repressed and discredited due to its French connections. A void was left that the
Carbonari filled with a movement that closely
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In 1844, Pope
Gregory XVI issued the Encyclical, "Inter praecipuas machinationes", against the anti-Catholic propaganda in Italy of the London Bible Society and the New York Christian Alliance, which endeavoured with some success, in spreading anti-clericalism among the populace. Pius reiterated
448:"While not mentioning Masonry directly, it criticizes those it does not identify for those same faults that the previous papal pronouncements imputed to Freemasonry, and is regarded as an anti-Masonic pronouncement by some Catholic sources."
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Pius condemned "secret sects who have come forth from the darkness to destroy and desolate both the sacred and the civil commonwealth". While not specifically mentioning
Freemasonry, Hermann Gruber, writing in the
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on 9 November 1846. It was the first encyclical of his reign and written to urge the prelates to be on guard against the dangers posed by
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divine and human laws into confusion, and to weaken and even possibly overthrow the
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and other popular philosophies. It was a commentary on the widespread civil unrest spreading across Italy, as
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Rath, R. John. "The
Carbonari: Their Origins, Initiation Rites, and Aims,"
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According to Thomas W. O'Brien, much of the document was drafted by
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Gruber, Hermann. "Masonry (Freemasonry)." The
Catholic Encyclopedia
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A Living
Tradition: Catholic Social Doctrine and Holy See Diplomacy
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 3 January 2019
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Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 1 January 2019
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Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 1 January 2019
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Declaration Concerning Status of Catholics Becoming Freemasons
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Toke, Leslie. "Pope Gregory XVI." The Catholic Encyclopedia
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Stummvoll, A. Alexander. "Catholic Teaching on Communism",
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Encyclical promulgated by Pope Pius IX on 9 November 1846
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among the papal pronouncements against Freemasonry.
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