Quotation marks in English - Knowledge (XXG)

781:, if a quotation is broken by words of the main sentence, and then resumed, the punctuation before the break should follow the closing quote unless it forms part of the quotation. An exception may be made when writing fiction, where the first comma may be placed before the first closing quote. In non-fiction, some British publishers may permit placing punctuation that is not part of the person's speech inside the quotation marks but prefer that it be placed outside. Periods and commas that 317:"I wish you joy. If you love Mr. Darcy half as well as I do my dear Wickham, you must be very happy. It is a great comfort to have you so rich, and when you have nothing else to do, I hope you will think of us. I am sure Wickham would like a place at court very much, and I do not think we shall have quite money enough to live upon without some help. Any place would do, of about three or four hundred a year; but however, do not speak to Mr. Darcy about it, if you had rather not. 1053:, requires that there be no space. When a quotation is followed by other writing on a line of text, a space follows the closing quotation mark unless it is immediately followed by other punctuation within the sentence, such as a colon or closing punctuation. (These exceptions are ignored by some Asian computer systems that systematically display quotation marks with the included spacing, as this spacing is part of the fixed-width characters.) 4418: 481:, 17th edition (2017), acknowledges this type of use but, in section 7.57, cautions against its overuse: "Quotation marks are often used to alert readers that a term is used in a nonstandard (or slang), ironic, or other special sense .... hey imply 'This is not my term,' or 'This is not how the term is usually applied.' Like any such device, 861:, whereby commas and periods are almost always placed inside closing quotation marks. This is done because it results in closer spacing and what is judged to be a cleaner appearance. The American style is used by most newspapers, publishing houses, and style guides in the United States and, to a lesser extent, Canada as well. 469:

or to indicate special terminology that should be identified for accuracy's sake as someone else's terminology, as when a term (particularly a controversial term) pre-dates the writer or represents the views of someone else, perhaps without judgement (contrast this neutrally distancing quoting to the negative use of

233:

Single or double quotation marks denote either speech or a quotation. Double quotes are preferred in the United States, and also tend to be preferred in Australia (though the Australian Government prefers single quotes) and Canada. Single quotes are more usual in the United Kingdom, Ireland and South

2471:

4. Punctuation: a. ... The second member of a pair of quotation marks should precede any other adjacent mark of punctuation, unless the other mark is a necessary part of the quoted matter .... 6. Cited Forms: ... e. After the first occurrence of non-English forms, provide a gloss in single quotation

978:

With narration of direct speech, both styles retain punctuation inside the quotation marks, with a full stop changing into a comma if followed by attributive matter, also known as a speech tag or annunciatory clause. Americans tend to apply quotations when signifying doubt of veracity (sarcastically

701:

With regard to quotation marks adjacent to periods and commas, there are two styles of punctuation in widespread use. These two styles are most commonly referred to as "American" and "British", or sometimes "typesetters' quotation" and "logical quotation". Both systems have the same rules regarding

468:

People also use quotation marks in this way to distance the writer from the terminology in question so as not to be associated with it, for example to indicate that a quoted word is not official terminology, or that a quoted phrase presupposes things that the author does not necessarily agree with;

705:

In all major forms of English, question marks, exclamation marks, semicolons, and any other punctuation (with the possible exceptions of periods and commas, as explained in the sections below) are placed inside or outside the closing quotation mark depending on whether they are part of the quoted

1003:

that may be nested within a primary quotation. British English often uses single quotation marks to identify the outermost text of a primary quotation versus double quotation marks for inner, nested quotations. By contrast, American English typically uses double quotation marks to identify the

810:

call the British style "new" quoting. It is also similar to the use of quotation marks in many other languages (including Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan, Dutch and German). A few US professional societies whose professions frequently employ various non-word characters, such as

133:

text. Because typewriter and computer keyboards lack keys to directly enter typographic quotation marks, much of typed writing has neutral quotation marks. Some computer software has the feature often called "smart quotes" which can, sometimes imperfectly, convert neutral quotation marks to

277:

in more levels than inner and outer quotation. Nesting levels up to five can be found in the Christian Bible. In these cases, questions arise about the form (and names) of the quotation marks to be used. The most common way is to simply alternate between the two forms, thus:

1056:

There is generally no space between an opening quotation mark and the following word, or a closing quotation mark and the preceding word. When a double quotation mark or a single quotation mark immediately follows the other, proper spacing for legibility may suggest that a

626:), whereas the titles of minor works within or a subset of the larger publication (such as poems, short stories, named chapters, journal papers, newspaper articles, TV show episodes, video game levels, editorial sections of websites, etc.) are written with quotation marks. 1730:

characters or if the mark begins a line, the mark will be rendered as an opening quote; if not, it will be rendered as a closing quote or apostrophe. This method can cause errors, especially for contractions that start with an apostrophe or text with nested quotations:

828:(members of a subculture of enthusiastic programmers) switched to what they later discovered to be the British quotation system because placing a period inside a quotation mark can change the meaning of data strings that are meant to be typed character-for-character. 890:

Nevertheless, many American style guides explicitly permit periods and commas outside the quotation marks when the presence of the punctuation mark inside the quotation marks leads to ambiguity, such as when describing keyboard input, as in the following example:

93:

title or name. Quotation marks may be used to indicate that the meaning of the word or phrase they surround should be taken to be different from (or, at least, a modification of) that typically associated with it, and are often used in this way to express

580:

Quotation marks, rather than italics, are generally used for the titles of shorter works. Whether these are single or double depends on the context; however, many styles, especially for poetry, prefer the use of single quotation marks.

353:; it is not a direct quote, and in the course of any composition, it is important to document when one is using a quotation versus when one is just giving content, which may be paraphrased, and which could be open to interpretation. 1690:

To make typographic quotation marks easier to enter, publishing software often automatically converts typewriter quotation marks (and apostrophes) to typographic form during text entry (with or without the user being aware of it).

1125:. For instance, 5 feet and 6 inches is often written 5' 6"; and 40 degrees, 20 arcminutes, and 50 arcseconds is written 40° 20' 50". When available, however, primes should be used instead (e.g. 5 1302:. Some websites do not allow typographic quotation marks or apostrophes in posts. One can skirt these limitations, however, by using the HTML character codes or entities or the other key combinations in the following table. In 161:

have the same visual appearance and code point (U+2019), as do the neutral single quote and typewriter apostrophe (U+0027). (Despite the different code points, the curved and straight versions are sometimes considered multiple

301:, where the convention in English is to give opening quotation marks to the first and each subsequent paragraph, using closing quotation marks only for the final paragraph of the quotation, as in the following example from 1225:) both are used interchangeably. In some languages, if it is desired to include the same quotation marks used to delimit a string inside the string, the quotation marks are doubled. For example, to represent the string 1925:

100 skill-building lessons using 10 favorite books : a teacher's treasury of irresistible lessons & activities that help children meet learning goals in reading, writing, math and more

1290:. However, most computer text-editing programs provide a "smart quotes" feature to automatically convert straight quotation marks into bidirectional punctuation, though sometimes imperfectly 1856:

In Windows, if it is necessary to follow a space with a closing quotation mark when Smart Quotes is in effect, it is usually sufficient to input the character using the Alt code shown

681:

in lieu of underlining or italics, most commonly on signs or placards. This usage can be confused with ironic or altered-usage quotation, sometimes with unintended humor. For example,

241:

A publisher's or author's style may take precedence over regional general preferences. The important idea is that the style of opening and closing quotation marks must be matched:

220:, quotation marks were used to denote pithy comments. They were used to quote direct speech as early as the late sixteenth century, and this practice became more common over time. 209:

books, they would be repeated at the beginning of every line of a long quotation. When this practice was abandoned, the empty margin remained, leaving the modern form of indented

5600: 4003: 2217: 750:

quoted material and in which the punctuation mark fits with the sense of the quotation, but otherwise to place punctuation outside the closing quotation marks. Fowler's

2635:

Punctuation marks are placed inside the quotation marks only if the sense of the punctuation is part of the quotation; this system is referred to as logical quotation.

1272:

Standard English computer keyboard layouts inherited the single and double straight quotation marks from the typewriter (the single quotation mark also doubling as an

1176: 137:

The typographic closing double quotation mark and the neutral double quotation mark are similar to – and sometimes stand in for – the

153:. Characters with different meanings are typically given different visual appearance in typefaces that recognize these distinctions, and they each have different 4377: 878:

This style also places periods and commas inside the quotation marks when dealing with direct speech, regardless of whether the work is fiction or non-fiction:

201:

Quotation marks were first cut in metal type during the middle of the sixteenth century, and were used copiously by some printers by the seventeenth. In some

4454: 2656: 944: 1049:

In English, when a quotation follows other writing on a line of text, a space precedes the opening quotation mark unless the preceding symbol, such as an

864:

When dealing with words-as-words, short-form works, and sentence fragments, standard American style places periods and commas inside the quotation marks:

841:

requires that the closing quotation mark precede the period or comma unless that period or comma is "a necessary part of the quoted matter". The websites

1883: 102:

show it is being called that ironically). They are also sometimes used to emphasise a word or phrase, although this is usually considered incorrect.

806: 2180: 2320: 1903: 4915: 1037:, recommend single quotation marks. In journals and newspapers, quotation mark double/single use often depends on the individual publication's 3400: 3174: 3147: 3111: 2901: 2741: 2704: 2376: 2282: 2124: 2019: 763:

When dealing with words-as-words, short-form works and sentence fragments, this style places periods and commas outside the quotation marks:

297:, and thus do not require quotation marks. However, quotation marks are used for multiple-paragraph quotations in some cases, especially in 3447: 1027: 752: 431:

Quotation marks are also used to indicate that the writer realises that a word is not being used in its current commonly accepted sense:

1726:

The method for producing smart quotes may be based solely on the character preceding the mark. If it is a space or another of a set of

2864: 2594: 1957: 979:

or seriously), to imply another meaning to a word or to imply a cynical take on a paraphrased quotation, without punctuation at all.

2839: 2517: 2251: 2164: 2111: 1988: 1888: 689:

is not used with its everyday meaning, or indeed to indicate that the fish or oysters are anything but fresh. As another example,

5331: 4447: 2209: 958:

In both major styles, regardless of placement, only one end mark (?, !, or .) can end a sentence. Only the period, however,

5671: 90: 77:

or inverted commas, also known informally as quotes, talking marks, speech marks, quote marks, quotemarks or speechmarks, are

5676: 3210: 3198: 2421: 1932: 825: 117:" quotation marks), or may be distinctly left-handed and right-handed (typographic or, colloquially, curly quotation marks); 726:

to indicate content between the quotation marks that has been modified from, or was not present in, the original material.

4372: 3335: 2458: 1222: 1214: 895: 838: 98:(for example, in the sentence 'The lunch lady plopped a glob of "food" onto my tray.' the quotation marks around the word 702:

question marks, exclamation points, colons, and semicolons. However, they differ in the treatment of periods and commas.

5623: 4257: 4219: 2441: 339:

are also often used before and after the interruption, more often for quotations of speech than for quotations of text:

286:

If such a passage is further quoted in another publication, then all of their forms have to be shifted up by one level.

1298:. Generally, this smart quote feature is enabled by default, and it can be turned off in an "options" or "preferences" 508: 494: 5346: 4440: 4403: 3472: 3363: 2797: 2558: 2398: 2067: 919: 477: 2586: 2306: 178:, quotations were distinguished merely by indicating the speaker, and this can still be seen in some editions of the 785:

part of the person's speech are permitted inside the quotation marks regardless of whether the material is fiction.

113:. Opening and closing quotation marks may be identical in form (called neutral, vertical, straight, typewriter, or " 3983: 2733: 2509: 2274: 1975: 831:

Some American style guides specific to certain specialties also prefer the British style. For example, the journal

756:

provides an early example of the rule: "All signs of punctuation used with words in quotation marks must be placed

149:

while either the typographic closing single quotation mark or the neutral single quotation mark may represent the

3629: 3255: 1202: 1106: 114: 2476:'sheep' is a noun. No comma precedes the gloss and no comma follows, unless necessary for other reasons: Latin 4387: 4204: 3875: 3812: 3517: 3440: 1692: 1218: 2615: 2082: 2531:

In the British style (OUP 1983), all signs of punctuation used with words and quotation marks must be placed

2918:

A Primer of Information about the Marks of Punctuation and Their Use Both Grammatically and Typographically.

2692: 2011: 1980: 1276:), and they do not include individual keys for left-handed and right-handed typographic quotation marks. In 3832: 3555: 3373: 2622: 2071:(17th ed.). Part 2, Chapter 6.117. Retrieved 3 January 2019. Subscription required (free trial available). 1090: 746: – is to include within quotation marks only those punctuation marks that appeared in the 157:. Despite being semantically different, the typographic closing single quotation mark and the typographic 2553: 2393: 2063: 658: 5618: 4732: 4307: 3807: 3802: 3715: 3702: 3535: 1281: 1206: 678: 2426: 1021: 5645: 5628: 5514: 5089: 4432: 4099: 3740: 3594: 3359: 1198: 555:

the quotation marks – even in North American publications, which might otherwise prefer them inside:

217: 5149: 2194: 1260:). This is a continuation of a typewriter tradition of using ticks for opening quotation marks; see 5635: 5361: 5259: 5104: 4672: 4517: 4487: 4421: 4382: 4295: 4189: 4044: 4022: 4012: 3880: 3487: 3477: 3433: 846: 303: 198:, or the other way around). Long quotations were also set this way, at full size and full measure. 2039: 1004:

outermost text of a primary quotation versus single quotation marks for inner, nested quotations.

5650: 5640: 4345: 4272: 4252: 4242: 4214: 4184: 4144: 3771: 3634: 3619: 3560: 3550: 3313: 2453: 1277: 1066: 962:

end a quoted sentence when it does not also end the enclosing sentence, except for literal text:

833: 792:"Today", said the Prime Minister, "I feel free from care and anxiety." (preferred in non-fiction) 715:

There are three major definitions of the word "gender": vernacular, sociological, and linguistic.

693:

could be interpreted to mean that the convenience was for the bank employees, not the customers.

544: 335:, a closing quotation mark is used before the interruption, and an opening quotation mark after. 2368: 2362: 3277: 1310:

scripts can be used to assign simpler key combinations to opening and closing quotation marks.

328:, in some older texts, the quotation mark is repeated every line, rather than every paragraph. 4987: 4930: 4290: 4209: 4164: 4094: 3565: 3206: 3194: 3170: 3143: 2897: 2860: 2835: 2827: 2737: 2700: 2696: 2513: 2503: 2372: 2288: 2278: 2247: 2160: 2120: 2106: 2015: 1984: 1953: 1928: 1303: 145:. Likewise, the typographic opening single quotation mark is sometimes used to represent the 5376: 5297: 5221: 4881: 4176: 4129: 3968: 3915: 3776: 3586: 3247: 2889: 2661: 1234: 1085:

This is not common practice in mainstream publishing, which will generally use more precise

936: 907: 666: 586: 274: 105:

Quotation marks are written as a pair of opening and closing marks in either of two styles:

70: 5607: 5549: 5164: 4312: 4199: 4194: 4114: 4082: 3973: 3710: 3512: 3420: 3378: 2885: 1336: 458: 346: 294: 210: 206: 4267: 3112:"'The British style'? 'The American way?' They are not so different | Mind your language" 2730:

Butcher's Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders

2116: 1033: 800: 2831: 2821: 1286: 5411: 4589: 4317: 4262: 4139: 3942: 3766: 3720: 3654: 3624: 3492: 3164: 2893: 1678: 1261: 1210: 1110: 1019:

recommending the same usage as in the US, whereas other authoritative sources, such as

540: 325: 150: 120: 74: 3415: 5665: 5499: 5119: 5047: 4866: 4843: 4109: 4077: 4067: 3947: 3368: 2757: 2685: 1094: 1009: 885:"Today," said the Prime Minister, "I feel free from care and anxiety." (non-fiction) 662: 86: 1105:

Straight quotation marks (or italicised straight quotation marks) are often used to

811:

chemistry and computer programming, use the British form in their style guides (see

5584: 5244: 5002: 4801: 4367: 4247: 4134: 4119: 4089: 4049: 4032: 3786: 3756: 3730: 3639: 3482: 3464: 3409: 1114: 611: 498: 482: 470: 404: 380: 142: 3405: 3395: 3137: 842: 356:

For example, if Hal says: "All systems are functional", then, in indirect speech:

2005: 1314:

How to type typographic quotation marks (and apostrophes) on a computer keyboard

5032: 4968: 4953: 4896: 4464: 4362: 4357: 4350: 4340: 4154: 4104: 4059: 3999: 3963: 3934: 3922: 3902: 3725: 3677: 3545: 2993: 2239: 1394: 1345: 1038: 996: 820: 619: 607: 547:, with the two not separated by a comma or other punctuation, and with strictly 504: 191: 183: 175: 78: 3302: 2505:

Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors and Publishers

1252:

typesetting program, left double quotes are produced by typing two back-ticks (

1221:

and its derivatives) both are used with different meanings and in others (e.g.

453:

but unusual, colloquial, folksy, startling, humorous, metaphoric, or contain a

5472: 5274: 5202: 4566: 4468: 4335: 4149: 4039: 3892: 3885: 3862: 3817: 3781: 3735: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3667: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3456: 2652: 1898: 1727: 1307: 1299: 1273: 1191: 1058: 412: 350: 195: 158: 138: 126: 5612: 5430: 5017: 4687: 4627: 4604: 4532: 3827: 3822: 3599: 3527: 2292: 1877: 1408: 1238: 1134: 1122: 1118: 1015: 913: 623: 438: 298: 290: 253:

For speech within speech, the other style is used as inner quotation marks:

82: 1893: 403:

Quotes indicating verbal irony, or other special use, are sometimes called

146: 717:

Type "C:" at the DOS prompt to switch from a floppy disk to a hard drive.

599:

Articles in books, magazines, journals, etc.: "Extra-Terrestrial Relays",

385:

Another common use of quotation marks is to indicate or call attention to

5530: 5316: 5062: 4717: 4702: 4300: 4159: 3978: 3851: 3837: 3662: 3614: 2268: 1708: 1695:

behavior on macOS and iOS is to make this conversion. These are known as

1323: 794:"Today I feel happy," said the woman, "carefree, and well." (regardless) 650: 187: 883:"Today," said Cinderella, "I feel free from care and anxiety." (fiction) 790:"Today," said Cinderella, "I feel free from care and anxiety." (fiction) 5568: 5457: 4642: 4124: 3910: 3761: 3672: 3604: 3540: 3222: 1146: 1142: 1086: 1080:

Yes, he did say, "He said, 'Good morning.' " (non-breaking space)

1050: 905:

The American style is recommended by the Modern Language Association's

723: 437:

In addition to conveying a neutral attitude and to call attention to a

408: 202: 154: 130: 81:

placed on either side of a word or phrase in order to identify it as a

777:

When dealing with direct speech, according to the British style guide

4778: 4547: 4027: 3644: 2341: 1078:

So Dave actually said, "He said, 'Good morning' "? (thin-space)

446: 2345: 2337: 2333: 2115:. ver. 2.5. Point Roberts, Washington: Hartley & Marks. p. 1190:

Double quotation marks, or pairs of single ones, also represent the

734:

The prevailing style in the United Kingdom – called

2349: 415:, or indicated in speech with a tone change or by replacement with 5179: 5134: 4657: 4502: 3870: 3609: 3577: 1329: 1138: 654: 442: 386: 336: 234:

Africa, though double quotes are also common there, especially in

179: 163: 95: 1007:

British usage does vary, with some authoritative sources such as

4824: 4226: 4072: 4017: 2928:

Other style guides and reference volumes include the following:

462: 4436: 3429: 973:"Is anybody out there?" she asked into the void. (both styles) 3040:

by A. L. Lazarus, A. MacLeish, and H. W. Smith (1971, p. 71),

1249: 454: 3425: 3401:

Quotation marks in the Unicode Common Locale Data Repository

2422:

Language Acquisition: A Journal of Developmental Linguistics

1197:

Straight single and double quotation marks are used in most

950:. This style is also used in some British news and fiction. 871:

The title of the song was "Gloria," which many already knew.

770:

The title of the song was "Gloria", which many already knew.

2181:"Quote me on this: Using single and double quotation marks" 1133: 50″). Prime and double prime are not present in most 3278:"Unicode Character 'RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK' (U+2019)" 869:"Carefree," in general, means "free from care or anxiety." 768:"Carefree", in general, means "free from care or anxiety". 3223:"Quotation Marks. Fowler, H. W. 1908. The King's English" 2728:

Butcher, Judith; Drake, Caroline; Leach, Maureen (2006).

331:

When quoted text is interrupted, such as with the phrase

3193:(Fourth ed.). London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd. 1996. p. 85. 1677:(For additional characters used in other languages, see 902:", including the period, signifies the end of a program. 551:

around the gloss – extraneous terminal punctuation

2984:

by Shirley Fondiller and Barbara Nerone (2006, p. 72),

2859:(9th ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 237. 2307:"New Zealand English: Single or Double Quotation Marks" 449:), quoting can also indicate words or phrases that are 3408: – discussion of the problem of ASCII 3082:

Woodroof's Quotations, Commas And Other Things English

3060:

by Harriet Diamond and Phyllis Dutwin (2005, p. 199),

1089:. It is more common in online writing, although using 691:

Cashiers' desks open until noon for your "convenience"

539:

Precise writing about language often uses italics for

520:

Cheese has calcium, protein, and phosphorus. (concept)

518:"Cheese" is derived from a word in Old English. (word) 364:: Hal said that "everything was going extremely well". 1262:

Quotation mark § Typewriters and early computers

1256:) and right double quotes by typing two apostrophes ( 857:

In the United States, the prevailing style is called

396:

The lunch lady plopped a glob of "food" onto my tray.

369:: Hal said that everything was going extremely well. 3016:

by William Strunk and Elwyn B. White (1979, p. 36),

2880:

Brinck, Tom; Gergle, Darren; Wood, Scott W. (2002).

2621:. Research Institute of Irish and Scottish Studies, 485:

lose their force and irritate readers if overused."

398:

He complained about too many "gummint" regulations.

4396: 4328: 4281: 4235: 4175: 4058: 3998: 3956: 3933: 3901: 3861: 3850: 3795: 3749: 3701: 3653: 3585: 3576: 3526: 3463: 3012:by Michael Strumpf, Auriel Douglas (2004, p. 446), 2855:McFarlane, J. A. (Sandy); Clements, Warren (2003). 1257: 1253: 1184: 1180: 507:can emphasise that an instance of a word refers to 35: 28: 23: 3032:by J. Paradis and M. L. Zimmerman (2002, p. 314), 3030:MIT Guide To Science and Engineering Communication 2942:International Committee of Medical Journal Editors 2938:The Canadian Style: A Guide to Writing and Editing 2758:"The Jargon File, Chapter 5. Hacker Writing Style" 2684: 2552: 2392: 342:"Everything", said Hal, "is going extremely well." 125:. Typographic quotation marks are usually used in 3056:by Earl English and Clarence Hach (1962. p. 75), 434:Crystals somehow "know" which shape to grow into. 3166:Merriam-Webster's Guide to Punctuation and Style 2970:Merriam-Webster's Manual for Writers and Editors 1797:‘ Twas the night before Christmas ... 1792:’ Twas the night before Christmas ... 873:She said she felt "free from care and anxiety." 772:She said she felt "free from care and anxiety". 657:title embedded in an actual title; for example, 186:, quotations were distinguished by setting in a 3048:by Richard Lederer, John Shore (2007, p. 138), 3002:The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge 2270:The Cambridge guide to Australian English usage 2195:"Punctuation Guide | Macquarie Dictionary" 931:, the American Political Science Association's 618:As a rule, the title of a whole publication is 557: 309: 1097:than inserting extraneous spacing characters. 988:Primary quotations versus secondary quotations 4448: 4378:Intellectual property protection of typefaces 3441: 2968:by Thomas S. Kane (1994, pp. 278, 305, 306), 2946:International Reading Association Style Guide 2932:(2008, p. 217), US Department of Education's 2033: 2031: 1268:Typing quotation marks on a computer keyboard 289:In many cases, quotations that span multiple 8: 3920: 3028:by Gerald Alred et al. (2006, pp. 83, 373), 2998:The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage 2930:U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual 1950:Language Toolkit for New Zealand 2, Volume 2 971:"Hello, world!" she exclaimed. (both styles) 2799:The Chicago Manual of Style Online: Q&A 2547: 2545: 2543: 2007:Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage 911:, the American Psychological Association's 667:Simone Rizzo "Sam the Plumber" DeCavalcante 349:. This is because indirect speech can be a 282:" ... ' ... " ... ' ... ' ... " ... ' ... " 190:contrasting with the main body text (often 4455: 4441: 4433: 3858: 3582: 3448: 3434: 3426: 2952:, Association of Legal Writing Directors' 2820:Strunk, William Jr.; White, E. B. (2000). 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2436: 2434: 2101: 2099: 1952:. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. 1884:International variation in quotation marks 1217:) only one type is allowed, in some (e.g. 1117:, e.g. when signifying feet and inches or 1095:semantically appropriate in Web typography 653:embedded in an actual name, or a false or 465:could be described as an "evolving idea". 4404:Punctuation and other typographic symbols 3382:exhibits the problem with "smart quotes". 3072:by James McNab McCrimmon (1973, p. 415), 2974:Simon & Schuster Handbook for Writers 2647: 2645: 2643: 2208:Australian Government (24 October 2022). 1787:'Twas the night before Christmas ... 1093:to create the spacing by kerning is more 807:Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors 5601:Version of this table as a sortable list 3020:by Edward P. J. Corbett (1997, p. 135), 2990:The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation 1904:Western Latin character sets (computing) 1865: 1861: 1733: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1451: 1417: 1413: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1312: 445:, or special terminology (also known as 238:. In New Zealand, both styles are used. 3412:characters used as left quotation marks 3303:"General Punctuation: Range: 2000–206F" 3248:"Character entity references in HTML 4" 3092:by Gerald Alred et al. (2006, p. 451), 3042:The Scott Foresman Handbook for Writers 2976:by Lynn Troyka, et al. (1993, p. 517), 2616:"Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies" 1915: 969:She said, "Hello, world." (both styles) 967:"Hello, world," she said. (both styles) 683:For sale: "fresh" fish, "fresh" oysters 3044:(8th ed.) by John Ruszkiewicz et al., 2580: 2578: 2576: 2498: 2496: 2083:"Fonts, Typography, and Accessibility" 923:, the American Institute of Physics's 548: 516:Cheese is derived from milk. (concept) 20: 3396:Curling Quotes in HTML, SGML, and XML 3084:by D. K. Woodroof (2005, pp. 10–12), 2687:The New Fowler's Modern English Usage 1707:). Straight quotation marks are also 927:, the American Medical Association's 663:Frank "Chairman of the Board" Sinatra 7: 5453: ⟨ ⟩ 3096:by Helen Cunningham (2002, p. 213), 3024:by Phillip S. Sparks (2004, p. 18), 2988:by William A. Sabin (2000, p. 247), 2587:"Punctuating Around Quotation Marks" 2554:"The Chicago Manual of Style Online" 2512:/ Cambridge University Press. 2002. 2394:"The Chicago Manual of Style Online" 753:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage 592:Book chapters: The first chapter of 511:rather than its associated concept. 3201:. Tim Austin, Richard Dixon (2003) 3068:by Adrienne Robins (1997, p. 524), 3062:Crimes Against the English Language 3036:by G. David Garson (2002, p. 178), 2657:"The Rise of "Logical Punctuation"" 1679:Quotation mark § Summary table 713:No, he said, "Where are you, Dave?" 685:, could be construed to imply that 649:Quotation marks can also set off a 121:Quotation mark § Summary table 3086:Journalism Language and Expression 3078:The Lawyer's Guide to Writing Well 3064:by Jill Meryl Levy (2005, p. 21), 2972:by Merriam-Webster (1998, p. 27), 2964:by Geraldine Woods (2005, p. 68), 2894:10.1016/B978-1-55860-658-6.X5000-7 2595:American Psychological Association 2220:from the original on 23 March 2023 2214:Australian Government Style Manual 2068:The Chicago Manual of Style Online 2038:Zwicky, Arnold (29 January 2006). 389:, dubious, or non-standard words: 14: 3406:ASCII and Unicode quotation marks 3334:Spencer, Dave (31 January 2011). 3169:(2nd ed.). Merriam-Webster. 3100:by Vincent Hopper (2000, p. 127). 3080:by Tom Goldstein (2003, p. 163), 3034:Guide to Writing Empirical Papers 2982:Health Professionals Style Manual 2980:by Philip Rubens (2001, p. 208), 2960:by K. D. Sullivan (2006, p. 52), 2112:The Elements of Typographic Style 1923:Lunsford, Susan (December 2001). 1889:Modifier letter double apostrophe 1293: 711:Did he say, "Good morning, Dave"? 543:and single quotation marks for a 345:Quotation marks are not used for 248:"Good morning, Frank," said Hal. 4417: 4416: 3189:"American and British English". 3088:by Sundara Rajan (2005, p. 76), 2244:The Penguin Guide to Punctuation 1857: 1177:HTML character entity references 246:'Good morning, Frank,' said Hal. 3203:The Times Style and Usage Guide 3008:by Amy Einsohn (2000, p. 111), 2966:The New Oxford Guide to Writing 2962:Webster's New World Punctuation 2683:Burchfield, R. W., ed. (1996). 2585:Lee, Chelsea (11 August 2011). 2081:Chagnon, Bevi (December 2013). 1973:Barber, Katherine, ed. (2005). 394:He shared his "wisdom" with me. 311:The letter was to this effect: 264:"Hal said, 'Good morning, Dave, 258:'Hal said, "Good morning, Dave, 37: 3090:The Business Writer's Handbook 3076:by Carole Rich (2000, p. 60), 3052:by Jan Venolia (2001, p. 82), 2958:The McGraw-Hill Desk Reference 2916:Frederick Hamilton (1920: 31) 2784:The Associated Press Stylebook 917:, the University of Chicago's 677:Quotes are sometimes used for 636:Dahl's short story "Taste" in 1: 4373:History of Western typography 3026:Handbook of Technical Writing 3022:Commonsense Grammar and Style 2978:Science and Technical Writing 2857:The Globe and Mail Style Book 2459:Linguistic Society of America 2246:. Penguin Books. p. 94. 839:Linguistic Society of America 606:Album tracks, singles, etc.: 585:Short fiction, poetry, etc.: 4220:traditional point-size names 3416:Commonly confused characters 3110:March, David (19 May 2011). 1948:Hayes, Andrea (April 2011). 1804:"'Hello,' he said, 'to you'" 983:Typographical considerations 894:In the programming language 3473:Canons of page construction 3364:A Visit from Saint Nicholas 3136:Ritter, R. M., ed. (2005). 3094:The Business Style Handbook 2559:University of Chicago Press 2399:University of Chicago Press 2273:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: 2004:Jeremy Butterfield (2015). 1880:, the French quotation mark 1676: 1291: 941:The AP Guide to Punctuation 920:The Chicago Manual of Style 722:A convention is the use of 638:Completely Unexpected Tales 478:The Chicago Manual of Style 118: 5693: 4916:inverted ! and ? 3366:", first published in the 3336:"Typographic Train Wrecks" 3074:Writing and Reporting News 2986:The Gregg Reference Manual 2734:Cambridge University Press 2510:Council of Biology Editors 2275:Cambridge University Press 2142:The Mirror for Magistrates 1976:Canadian Oxford Dictionary 1927:. Scholastic. p. 10. 1842:’Hello,’ he said, ‘to you’ 1829:‘Hello,’ he said, ‘to you’ 1813:‘Hello,’ he said, ‘to you’ 1745:Example erroneous results 1213:. In some languages (e.g. 1101:Non-language-related usage 645:Nicknames and false titles 622:(or, in typewritten text, 503:Either quotation marks or 492: 378: 174:In the first centuries of 52:Single typographic quotes 5596: 5484: 5388: 5332:sound recording copyright 5286: 5191: 5074: 4942: 4855: 4790: 4616: 4476: 4412: 3630:Subscript and superscript 3256:World Wide Web Consortium 3205:. London: HarperCollins. 3191:The Economist Style Guide 3006:The Copyeditor's Handbook 2561:. 2017. Sections 6.9-6.11 2321:"Grammar and punctuation" 2157:Eats, Shoots & Leaves 2040:"Dubious Quotation Marks" 1318: 1233:. Other languages use an 1129: 6″, and 40° 20 849:use logical punctuation. 30:Double typographic quotes 4388:Vox-ATypI classification 3518:Intentionally blank page 3163:Merriam-Webster (2001). 3058:Grammar in Plain English 2950:American Dialect Society 1209:, collectively known as 576:Titles of artistic works 427:Signalling unusual usage 166:of the same character.) 3018:Little English Handbook 2693:Oxford University Press 2012:Oxford University Press 1981:Oxford University Press 594:3001: The Final Odyssey 495:Use–mention distinction 489:Use–mention distinction 5672:Punctuation of English 5449: { } 5441: ( ) 5426: « » 5422: ‹ › 5407: " " 5403: ' ' 5399: “ ” 5395: ‘ ’ 3921: 3070:Writing with a Purpose 2623:University of Aberdeen 2533:according to the sense 2140:Higgins, John (1587). 1899:Typewriter conventions 945:Canadian Public Works' 914:APA Publication Manual 779:Butcher's Copy-editing 758:according to the sense 573: 322: 58:Neutral single quotes 55:Neutral double quotes 5677:Typographical symbols 3360:Moore, Clement Clarke 3098:Essentials of English 3066:The Analytical Writer 3054:Scholastic Journalism 2882:Usability for the Web 2823:The Elements of Style 2711:Emphasis in original. 2367:. F+W Media. p. 2364:Grammatically Correct 2361:Stilman, Ann (1997). 2155:Truss, Lynne (2003). 1199:programming languages 1145:, but are present in 411:in oral speech using 407:. They are sometimes 275:quotations are nested 229:Quotations and speech 5646:Japanese punctuation 5347:registered trademark 5232: | 5090:plus and minus signs 4483: 4258:Typographic features 3000:by Allan M. Siegal, 2954:ALWD Citation Manual 2401:. 2017. Section 7.57 2267:Peters, Pam (2007). 1001:secondary quotations 824:from 1983, American 697:Order of punctuation 218:Early Modern English 16:Usage of punctuation 5636:Chinese punctuation 5362:service mark symbol 5105:multiplication sign 4623: & 4383:Technical lettering 4282:Typography in other 4023:Hanging punctuation 2064:"Smart" apostrophes 1860:rather than typing 1780:I forgot my ‘phone. 1775:I forgot my ’phone. 1770:I forgot my 'phone. 1735: 1315: 1294:§ Smart quotes 1229:in Pascal one uses 999:distinguished from 954:Ending the sentence 929:AMA Manual of Style 744:logical punctuation 304:Pride and Prejudice 155:Unicode code points 143:double prime symbol 5651:Korean punctuation 5641:Hebrew punctuation 4346:Handwriting script 4273:Desktop publishing 4243:Character encoding 4236:Digital typography 3750:Horizontal aspects 3703:Visual distinction 3561:Widows and orphans 3314:Unicode Consortium 3258:. 24 December 1999 2488:'horse' are nouns. 2457:. Washington, DC: 2197:. 25 October 2023. 2107:Bringhurst, Robert 2044:itre.cis.upenn.edu 1734: 1440:(& apostrophe) 1313: 1278:character encoding 1243:'eat \'hot\' dogs' 1231:'eat ''hot'' dogs' 1067:non-breaking space 1022:The King's English 993:Primary quotations 948:The Canadian Style 571:'horse' are nouns. 268:" recalled Frank. 236:journalistic works 134:typographic ones. 5659: 5658: 4988:ordinal indicator 4931:irony punctuation 4430: 4429: 4177:Typographic units 4095:For position only 3994: 3993: 3846: 3845: 3176:978-0-87779-921-4 3149:978-0-19-861041-0 3014:Elements of Style 3010:The Grammar Bible 2903:978-1-55860-658-6 2828:Pearson Education 2743:978-0-521-84713-1 2706:978-0-19-869126-6 2557:(17th ed.). 2397:(17th ed.). 2378:978-0-89879-776-3 2284:978-0-521-87821-0 2210:"Quotation marks" 2126:978-0-88179-132-7 2021:978-0-19-966135-0 1854: 1853: 1674: 1673: 1441: 1332:key combinations 933:APSA Style Manual 898:, the statement " 818:According to the 740:logical quotation 673:Nonstandard usage 596:is "Comet Cowboy" 589:'s "The Sentinel" 549:logical quotation 262:' recalled Frank. 79:punctuation marks 67: 66: 62: 61: 5684: 5608:Currency symbols 5588: 5587: 5581: 5573: 5572: 5571:(paragraph mark) 5565: 5561: 5553: 5552: 5546: 5542: 5534: 5533: 5527: 5519: 5518: 5511: 5503: 5502: 5496: 5492: 5476: 5475: 5469: 5461: 5460: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5434: 5433: 5427: 5423: 5415: 5414: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5380: 5379: 5377:trademark symbol 5373: 5365: 5364: 5358: 5350: 5349: 5343: 5335: 5334: 5328: 5320: 5319: 5313: 5311: 5301: 5300: 5298:copyright symbol 5294: 5278: 5277: 5271: 5263: 5262: 5256: 5248: 5247: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5225: 5224: 5218: 5216: 5206: 5205: 5199: 5183: 5182: 5176: 5168: 5167: 5161: 5153: 5152: 5146: 5138: 5137: 5131: 5123: 5122: 5116: 5108: 5107: 5101: 5093: 5092: 5086: 5082: 5066: 5065: 5059: 5051: 5050: 5044: 5036: 5035: 5029: 5021: 5020: 5014: 5006: 5005: 4999: 4991: 4990: 4984: 4980: 4972: 4971: 4965: 4957: 4956: 4950: 4934: 4933: 4927: 4919: 4918: 4912: 4908: 4900: 4899: 4893: 4885: 4884: 4882:exclamation mark 4878: 4870: 4869: 4863: 4847: 4846: 4840: 4836: 4828: 4827: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4805: 4804: 4798: 4782: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4763: 4760: 4756: 4753: 4749: 4746: 4736: 4735: 4729: 4721: 4720: 4714: 4706: 4705: 4699: 4691: 4690: 4684: 4676: 4675: 4669: 4661: 4660: 4654: 4646: 4645: 4639: 4631: 4630: 4624: 4608: 4607: 4601: 4593: 4592: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4570: 4569: 4563: 4559: 4551: 4550: 4544: 4536: 4535: 4529: 4521: 4520: 4514: 4506: 4505: 4499: 4491: 4490: 4484: 4457: 4450: 4443: 4434: 4420: 4419: 4397:Related template 4329:Related articles 4130:Phototypesetting 3984:reverse-contrast 3969:Display typeface 3926: 3903:Blackletter type 3859: 3796:Vertical aspects 3777:Sentence spacing 3587:Typeface anatomy 3583: 3450: 3443: 3436: 3427: 3383: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3307: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3219: 3213: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3160: 3154: 3153: 3139:New Hart's Rules 3133: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3107: 3101: 3004:(2004, p. 788), 2940:(1997, p. 148), 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2826:(4th ed.). 2817: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2732:(4th ed.). 2725: 2712: 2710: 2691:(3rd ed.). 2690: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2649: 2638: 2637: 2632: 2630: 2620: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2582: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2556: 2549: 2538: 2537: 2528: 2526: 2500: 2491: 2490: 2468: 2466: 2450: 2438: 2429: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2396: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2358: 2352: 2334:Jeremiah 27:1–11 2331: 2325: 2324: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2177: 2171: 2170: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2103: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2078: 2072: 2061: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2035: 2026: 2025: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1979:(2nd ed.). 1970: 1964: 1963: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1920: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1805: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1763: 1757: 1752: 1736: 1721: 1720: 1705: 1704: 1682: 1670: 1665: 1623:(on number pad) 1603: 1592: 1587: 1549:(on number pad) 1529: 1518: 1513: 1467:(on number pad) 1447: 1438: 1432: 1427: 1381:(on number pad) 1361: 1316: 1297: 1259: 1255: 1244: 1235:escape character 1232: 1228: 1187:, respectively. 1186: 1182: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1149:, as characters 1132: 1128: 1072: 1064: 1034:New Hart's Rules 997:orthographically 937:Associated Press 925:AIP Style Manual 908:MLA Style Manual 901: 633:Romeo and Juliet 587:Arthur C. Clarke 314:"My dear Lizzy, 295:block quotations 283: 267: 261: 237: 124: 112: 108: 38: 21: 5692: 5691: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5662: 5661: 5660: 5655: 5592: 5583: 5580: § 5579: 5577: 5567: 5564: ⸿ 5563: 5560: ¶ 5559: 5557: 5548: 5545: ⌑ 5544: 5541: ◊ 5540: 5538: 5529: 5526: ☞ 5525: 5523: 5517:(hedera, aldus) 5513: 5510: ❧ 5509: 5507: 5498: 5495: ‡ 5494: 5491: † 5490: 5488: 5480: 5471: 5468: ” 5467: 5465: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5438: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5419: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5392: 5384: 5375: 5371: 5369: 5360: 5356: 5354: 5345: 5342: ® 5341: 5339: 5330: 5327: ℗ 5326: 5324: 5315: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5296: 5293: © 5292: 5290: 5282: 5273: 5270: · 5269: 5267: 5258: 5255: • 5254: 5252: 5243: 5240: ‖ 5239: 5236: ¦ 5235: 5231: 5229: 5220: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5201: 5198: _ 5197: 5195: 5187: 5178: 5175: ^ 5174: 5172: 5165:minus-plus sign 5163: 5160: ∓ 5159: 5157: 5150:plus–minus sign 5148: 5145: ± 5144: 5142: 5133: 5130: ~ 5129: 5127: 5118: 5115: ÷ 5114: 5112: 5103: 5100: × 5099: 5097: 5088: 5085: − 5084: 5081: + 5080: 5078: 5070: 5061: 5058: ⌀ 5057: 5055: 5046: 5043: ° 5042: 5040: 5031: 5028: ‱ 5027: 5025: 5016: 5013: ‰ 5012: 5010: 5001: 4998: % 4997: 4995: 4986: 4983: ª 4982: 4979: º 4978: 4976: 4967: 4964: № 4963: 4961: 4952: 4949: # 4948: 4946: 4938: 4929: 4926: ⸮ 4925: 4923: 4914: 4911: ¿ 4910: 4907: ¡ 4906: 4904: 4895: 4892: ‽ 4891: 4889: 4880: 4877: ! 4876: 4874: 4865: 4862: ? 4861: 4859: 4851: 4842: 4839: ⸗ 4838: 4835: ⹀ 4834: 4832: 4823: 4820: — 4819: 4816: – 4815: 4812: ‒ 4811: 4809: 4800: 4797: - 4796: 4794: 4786: 4777: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4731: 4728: ⁂ 4727: 4725: 4716: 4713: * 4712: 4710: 4701: 4698: … 4697: 4695: 4686: 4683: \ 4682: 4680: 4671: 4668: / 4667: 4665: 4656: 4653: ^ 4652: 4650: 4641: 4638: @ 4637: 4635: 4626: 4622: 4620: 4612: 4603: 4600: . 4599: 4597: 4588: 4585: ‴ 4584: 4581: ″ 4580: 4577: ′ 4576: 4574: 4565: 4562: ' 4561: 4558: ’ 4557: 4555: 4546: 4543: ‐ 4542: 4540: 4531: 4528: ; 4527: 4525: 4516: 4513: : 4512: 4510: 4501: 4498: , 4497: 4495: 4486: 4482: 4480: 4472: 4461: 4431: 4426: 4408: 4392: 4324: 4284:writing systems 4283: 4277: 4231: 4171: 4115:Microtypography 4054: 3990: 3952: 3929: 3897: 3854:classifications 3853: 3842: 3791: 3745: 3711:Blackboard bold 3697: 3649: 3572: 3522: 3513:Recto and verso 3459: 3454: 3392: 3387: 3386: 3379:Huffington Post 3358: 3354: 3344: 3342: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3282:FileFormat.info 3276: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3231: 3229: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3188: 3184: 3177: 3162: 3161: 3157: 3150: 3135: 3134: 3130: 3120: 3118: 3109: 3108: 3104: 2996:(2007, p. 61), 2936:(2005, p. 43), 2934:IES Style Guide 2927: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2888:. p. 277. 2886:Morgan Kaufmann 2879: 2878: 2874: 2867: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2842: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2782:"Punctuation". 2781: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2744: 2736:. p. 273. 2727: 2726: 2715: 2707: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2667: 2665: 2655:(12 May 2011). 2651: 2650: 2641: 2628: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2584: 2583: 2574: 2564: 2562: 2551: 2550: 2541: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2502: 2501: 2494: 2464: 2462: 2448: 2440: 2439: 2432: 2419:"Style Sheet", 2418: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2391: 2390: 2386: 2379: 2360: 2359: 2355: 2350:Ezekiel 27:1–36 2332: 2328: 2319: 2318: 2314: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2285: 2277:. p. 670. 2266: 2265: 2261: 2254: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2223: 2221: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2167: 2159:. p. 151. 2154: 2153: 2149: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2127: 2105: 2104: 2097: 2087: 2085: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2046: 2037: 2036: 2029: 2022: 2014:. p. 680. 2003: 2002: 1998: 1991: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1960: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1935: 1922: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1874: 1867: 1863: 1850: 1843: 1839: 1837: 1830: 1826: 1824: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1803: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1761: 1755: 1750: 1742:Desired result 1718: 1717: 1702: 1701: 1688: 1668: 1663: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1601: 1597:Double closing 1590: 1585: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1554: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1527: 1523:Double opening 1516: 1511: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1445: 1439: 1430: 1425: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1390: 1386: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1359: 1355:Single opening 1270: 1242: 1230: 1226: 1211:string literals 1172: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1151: 1150: 1130: 1126: 1103: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1073:) be inserted. 1070: 1062: 1047: 990: 985: 976: 975: 972: 970: 968: 956: 903: 899: 888: 887: 884: 876: 875: 872: 870: 855: 843:Knowledge (XXG) 813:ACS Style Guide 797: 796: 793: 791: 775: 774: 771: 769: 732: 724:square brackets 720: 719: 716: 714: 712: 699: 675: 659:Nat "King" Cole 647: 642: 641: 635: 578: 541:the word itself 537: 532: 531: 521: 519: 517: 509:the word itself 501: 493:Main articles: 491: 435: 429: 401: 400: 397: 395: 383: 377: 372: 371: 365: 347:indirect speech 343: 284: 281: 271: 270: 265: 263: 259: 251: 250: 247: 235: 231: 226: 211:block quotation 207:Romantic-period 180:Christian Bible 172: 110: 106: 75:quotation marks 63: 31: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5690: 5688: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5664: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5590: 5575: 5555: 5536: 5521: 5505: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5463: 5445: 5436: 5417: 5412:quotation mark 5389: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5372: 5367: 5357: 5352: 5337: 5322: 5303: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5265: 5250: 5227: 5208: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5170: 5155: 5140: 5125: 5110: 5095: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5053: 5038: 5023: 5008: 4993: 4974: 4959: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4921: 4902: 4887: 4872: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4830: 4807: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4738: 4723: 4708: 4693: 4678: 4663: 4648: 4633: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4595: 4572: 4553: 4538: 4523: 4508: 4493: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4462: 4460: 4459: 4452: 4445: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4318:National Fonts 4310: 4305: 4304: 4303: 4293: 4287: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4263:Web typography 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4239: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4223: 4222: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4181: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4168: 4167: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4140:Reversing type 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4070: 4064: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4036: 4035: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4009: 4007: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3966: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3939: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3918: 3913: 3907: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3896: 3895: 3890: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3867: 3865: 3856: 3848: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3767:Letter-spacing 3764: 3759: 3753: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3721:Color printing 3718: 3713: 3707: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3659: 3657: 3655:Capitalization 3651: 3650: 3648: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3591: 3589: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3570: 3569: 3568: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3532: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3493:Page numbering 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3469: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3438: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421:Quotation mark 3418: 3413: 3403: 3398: 3391: 3390:External links 3388: 3385: 3384: 3352: 3326: 3294: 3269: 3239: 3214: 3182: 3175: 3155: 3148: 3142:. OUP Oxford. 3128: 3102: 3038:Modern English 2921: 2909: 2902: 2872: 2866:978-0771056857 2865: 2847: 2840: 2812: 2789: 2786:. p. 337. 2774: 2749: 2742: 2713: 2705: 2675: 2639: 2607: 2591:APA Style Blog 2572: 2539: 2534: 2518: 2492: 2472:marks: Latin 2430: 2412: 2384: 2377: 2353: 2326: 2312: 2298: 2283: 2259: 2252: 2231: 2200: 2186: 2172: 2165: 2147: 2132: 2125: 2095: 2073: 2056: 2027: 2020: 1996: 1989: 1965: 1959:978-1107624702 1958: 1940: 1933: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1873: 1870: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1848: 1835: 1821: 1819: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1766: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1739:Text as typed 1709:retronymically 1693:Out-of-the-box 1687: 1684: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1658: 1637: 1624: 1605: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1580: 1559: 1550: 1531: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1481: 1468: 1449: 1442: 1437:Single closing 1434: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1420: 1391: 1382: 1363: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1343: 1342:Unicode point 1340: 1333: 1327: 1320: 1287:unidirectional 1269: 1266: 1227:eat 'hot' dogs 1102: 1099: 1076: 1075: 1046: 1043: 989: 986: 984: 981: 965: 964: 955: 952: 893: 881: 880: 867: 866: 859:American style 854: 853:American style 851: 788: 787: 784: 766: 765: 731: 728: 709: 708: 698: 695: 674: 671: 646: 643: 631:Shakespeare's 629: 628: 616: 615: 604: 603:, October 1945 601:Wireless World 597: 590: 577: 574: 536: 535:In linguistics 533: 514: 513: 490: 487: 433: 428: 425: 392: 391: 379:Main article: 376: 373: 359: 358: 341: 280: 256: 255: 244: 243: 230: 227: 225: 222: 171: 168: 111:double (“...”) 107:single (‘...’) 65: 64: 60: 59: 56: 53: 49: 48: 45: 42: 36: 33: 32: 29: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5689: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5619:Logic symbols 5617: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5595: 5586: 5582: 5576: 5570: 5566: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5537: 5532: 5528: 5522: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5501: 5497: 5487: 5486: 5483: 5474: 5470: 5464: 5459: 5455: 5437: 5432: 5428: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5391: 5390: 5387: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5363: 5359: 5353: 5348: 5344: 5338: 5333: 5329: 5323: 5318: 5314: 5304: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5276: 5272: 5266: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5246: 5242: 5228: 5223: 5219: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5190: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5166: 5162: 5156: 5151: 5147: 5141: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5121: 5120:division sign 5117: 5111: 5106: 5102: 5096: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5076: 5073: 5064: 5063:diameter sign 5060: 5054: 5049: 5048:degree symbol 5045: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5019: 5015: 5009: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4960: 4955: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4941: 4932: 4928: 4922: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4868: 4867:question mark 4864: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4845: 4844:double hyphen 4841: 4831: 4826: 4822: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4780: 4776: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4719: 4715: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4659: 4655: 4649: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4615: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4573: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4470: 4469:typographical 4466: 4458: 4453: 4451: 4446: 4444: 4439: 4438: 4435: 4423: 4415: 4414: 4411: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4286: 4280: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4268:Bézier curves 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4253:Rasterization 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4217: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4174: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4110:Microprinting 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4068:Etaoin shrdlu 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4030: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3849: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3451: 3446: 3444: 3439: 3437: 3432: 3431: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3369:Troy Sentinel 3365: 3361: 3356: 3353: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3327: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3240: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3186: 3183: 3178: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3159: 3156: 3151: 3145: 3141: 3140: 3132: 3129: 3117: 3113: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2905: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2876: 2873: 2868: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2848: 2843: 2841:9780205313426 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2816: 2813: 2801: 2800: 2793: 2790: 2785: 2778: 2775: 2763: 2759: 2753: 2750: 2745: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2679: 2676: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2624: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2560: 2555: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2521: 2519:9780521471541 2515: 2511: 2507: 2506: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2447: 2445: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2428: 2425:, (undated), 2424: 2423: 2416: 2413: 2400: 2395: 2388: 2385: 2380: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2327: 2322: 2316: 2313: 2308: 2302: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2263: 2260: 2255: 2253:9780140513660 2249: 2245: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2204: 2201: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2182: 2176: 2173: 2168: 2166:1-59240-087-6 2162: 2158: 2151: 2148: 2143: 2136: 2133: 2128: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2084: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2057: 2045: 2041: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2000: 1997: 1992: 1990:0-19-541816-6 1986: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1969: 1966: 1961: 1955: 1951: 1944: 1941: 1936: 1930: 1926: 1919: 1916: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1859: 1836: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1807: 1802: 1801: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1784: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1767: 1760: 1754: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1732: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1698: 1694: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1667: 1662: 1659: 1638: 1625: 1606: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1589: 1584: 1581: 1560: 1551: 1532: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1515: 1510: 1507: 1482: 1469: 1450: 1443: 1436: 1435: 1429: 1424: 1421: 1410: 1396: 1392: 1383: 1364: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1350:HTML decimal 1349: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1326:combinations 1325: 1321: 1317: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1280:terms, these 1279: 1275: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1251: 1246: 1240: 1236: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1188: 1178: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1100: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1081: 1074: 1068: 1060: 1054: 1052: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1010:The Economist 1005: 1002: 998: 994: 987: 982: 980: 974: 963: 961: 953: 951: 949: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 921: 916: 915: 910: 909: 897: 892: 886: 879: 874: 865: 862: 860: 852: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 835: 829: 827: 823: 822: 816: 814: 809: 808: 803: 802: 795: 786: 782: 780: 773: 764: 761: 759: 755: 754: 749: 745: 741: 737: 736:British style 730:British style 729: 727: 725: 718: 707: 703: 696: 694: 692: 688: 684: 680: 672: 670: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 644: 640: 639: 634: 627: 625: 621: 613: 609: 605: 602: 598: 595: 591: 588: 584: 583: 582: 575: 572: 570: 566: 562: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 534: 530: 528: 524: 512: 510: 506: 500: 496: 488: 486: 484: 480: 479: 474: 472: 466: 464: 461:concept of a 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 432: 426: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 399: 390: 388: 382: 374: 370: 368: 363: 357: 354: 352: 348: 340: 338: 334: 329: 327: 321: 320:"Yours, etc." 318: 315: 312: 308: 306: 305: 300: 296: 292: 287: 279: 276: 269: 254: 249: 242: 239: 228: 223: 221: 219: 214: 212: 208: 204: 199: 197: 193: 189: 185: 182:. During the 181: 177: 169: 167: 165: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 135: 132: 128: 122: 116: 103: 101: 97: 92: 88: 87:direct speech 84: 80: 76: 72: 57: 54: 51: 50: 46: 43: 40: 39: 34: 27: 22: 19: 5624:Math symbols 5585:section mark 5245:vertical bar 5003:percent sign 4802:hyphen-minus 4368:Type foundry 4205:Metric units 4135:Punchcutting 4120:Movable type 4090:Font catalog 4050:Vertical bar 3787:Word spacing 3757:Figure space 3640:Text figures 3483:Even working 3410:grave accent 3377: 3367: 3355: 3343:. Retrieved 3339: 3329: 3317:. Retrieved 3309: 3297: 3285:. Retrieved 3281: 3272: 3260:. Retrieved 3251: 3242: 3230:. Retrieved 3227:Bartleby.com 3226: 3217: 3202: 3190: 3185: 3165: 3158: 3138: 3131: 3119:. Retrieved 3116:the Guardian 3115: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3050:Write right! 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2917: 2912: 2881: 2875: 2856: 2850: 2822: 2815: 2803:. Retrieved 2798: 2792: 2783: 2777: 2765:. Retrieved 2761: 2752: 2729: 2686: 2678: 2666:. Retrieved 2660: 2634: 2627:. Retrieved 2610: 2598:. Retrieved 2590: 2563:. Retrieved 2530: 2523:. Retrieved 2504: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2470: 2463:. Retrieved 2452: 2446:Style Sheet" 2443: 2420: 2415: 2403:. Retrieved 2387: 2363: 2356: 2329: 2315: 2301: 2269: 2262: 2243: 2240:Trask, R. L. 2234: 2222:. Retrieved 2213: 2203: 2189: 2175: 2156: 2150: 2141: 2135: 2110: 2086:. Retrieved 2076: 2066: 2059: 2047:. Retrieved 2043: 2006: 1999: 1974: 1968: 1949: 1943: 1924: 1918: 1855: 1725: 1716: 1712: 1700: 1697:smart quotes 1696: 1689: 1686:Smart quotes 1675: 1285: 1284:are labeled 1271: 1247: 1237:, often the 1196: 1189: 1173:DOUBLE PRIME 1137:, including 1115:double prime 1104: 1084: 1077: 1065:) or larger 1063:  1055: 1048: 1032: 1026: 1020: 1014: 1008: 1006: 1000: 992: 991: 977: 966: 959: 957: 947: 940: 932: 928: 924: 918: 912: 906: 904: 889: 882: 877: 868: 863: 858: 856: 832: 830: 819: 817: 812: 805: 801:Hart's Rules 799: 798: 789: 778: 776: 767: 762: 757: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 733: 721: 710: 704: 700: 690: 686: 682: 676: 648: 637: 632: 630: 617: 612:Space Oddity 600: 593: 579: 568: 564: 560: 558: 552: 538: 526: 522: 515: 502: 499:Metalanguage 483:scare quotes 476: 475: 471:scare quotes 467: 450: 436: 430: 420: 416: 405:scare quotes 402: 393: 384: 381:Scare quotes 366: 361: 360: 355: 344: 332: 330: 323: 319: 316: 313: 310: 302: 288: 285: 272: 257: 252: 245: 240: 232: 215: 200: 173: 151:prime symbol 136: 104: 99: 68: 18: 5033:basis point 4969:numero sign 4954:number sign 4897:interrobang 4465:punctuation 4363:Type design 4358:Style guide 4351:Calligraphy 4341:Handwriting 4155:Type design 4105:Lorem ipsum 4100:Letterpress 4060:Typesetting 4000:Punctuation 3964:Record type 3935:Gaelic type 3923:Schwabacher 3813:Body height 3678:Letter case 3546:Line length 3345:21 December 3319:21 December 3310:Unicode.org 3287:21 December 3121:19 November 3046:Comma Sense 2994:Jane Straus 2805:21 December 2668:21 December 2653:Yagoda, Ben 2629:21 December 2600:21 December 2565:21 December 2525:21 December 2484:'dog', and 2465:21 December 2405:21 December 2049:21 December 1713:dumb quotes 1669:” 1664:” 1591:“ 1586:“ 1517:’ 1512:’ 1431:‘ 1426:‘ 1346:HTML entity 1205:or literal 1201:to delimit 1185:″ 1181:′ 1107:approximate 1039:house style 821:Jargon File 608:David Bowie 567:'dog', and 505:italic type 451:descriptive 293:are set as 192:italic type 184:Renaissance 176:typesetting 123:for details 5666:Categories 5629:Whitespace 5613:Diacritics 5473:ditto mark 5275:interpunct 5203:underscore 4567:apostrophe 4467:and other 4336:Penmanship 4308:East Asian 4150:Type color 4083:monospaced 4040:Interpunct 4033:minus sign 3957:Specialist 3893:Sans-serif 3886:slab serif 3863:Roman type 3818:Cap height 3782:Thin space 3741:Whitespace 3693:Title case 3688:Snake case 3683:Small caps 3668:Camel case 3600:Diacritics 3508:Pull quote 3503:Pagination 3498:Paper size 3457:Typography 3232:7 November 3211:0007145055 3199:0241135567 2830:. p. 2767:7 November 2695:. p. 1934:0439205794 1910:References 1728:hard-coded 1308:AutoHotkey 1282:characters 1274:apostrophe 1258:'' 1207:characters 1192:ditto mark 1135:code pages 1123:arcseconds 1119:arcminutes 1071:  1059:thin space 943:, and the 706:material. 624:underlined 620:italicised 529:s. (word) 525:has three 413:air quotes 351:paraphrase 299:narratives 291:paragraphs 273:Sometimes 159:apostrophe 139:ditto mark 127:manuscript 5615:(accents) 5431:guillemet 5018:per mille 4688:backslash 4628:ampersand 4605:full stop 4533:semicolon 3833:Overshoot 3828:Mean line 3823:Descender 3736:Underline 3578:Character 3556:Runaround 3536:Alignment 3528:Paragraph 3374:quotation 3362:(1823), " 2480:'sheep', 2088:3 January 1878:Guillemet 1239:backslash 1016:The Times 847:Pitchfork 563:'sheep', 459:Dawkins's 439:neologism 421:so-called 362:Incorrect 324:As noted 83:quotation 73:writing, 47:' ' 44:" " 41:‘ ’ 5531:manicule 5317:copyleft 4733:asterism 4718:asterisk 4703:ellipsis 4422:Category 4301:PT Fonts 4296:Cyrillic 4160:Typeface 4078:computer 3979:fat face 3852:Typeface 3838:x-height 3808:Baseline 3803:Ascender 3663:All caps 3625:Rotation 3620:Ligature 3615:Ink trap 2762:CATB.org 2454:Language 2444:Language 2342:29:30–32 2293:73994040 2242:(1997). 2218:Archived 2109:(2002). 1872:See also 1324:Alt code 1322:Windows 1241:, as in 1170:″ 1157:′ 1028:Fowler's 834:Language 804:and the 748:original 679:emphasis 651:nickname 417:supposed 409:gestured 188:typeface 141:and the 24:“ ” 5569:pilcrow 5550:lozenge 5515:fleuron 5458:bracket 5312: 5308: 5217: 5213: 4774: 4743: 4643:at sign 4471:symbols 4463:Common 4248:Hinting 4125:Pangram 3943:Insular 3916:Rotunda 3911:Fraktur 3876:Antiqua 3762:Kerning 3731:Oblique 3726:Italics 3673:Initial 3605:Dingbat 3595:Counter 3541:Leading 3376:in the 3340:Glyphic 2338:29:1–28 1844: 1840: 1831: 1827: 1815: 1811: 1711:called 1660:U+201D 1640:Compose 1631:⇧ Shift 1604: 1582:U+201C 1562:Compose 1530: 1508:U+2019 1500:⇧ Shift 1484:Compose 1475:⇧ Shift 1448: 1422:U+2018 1414:⇧ Shift 1395:Compose 1362: 1339:) keys 1335:Linux ( 1319: 1304:Windows 1248:In the 1203:strings 1147:Unicode 1143:Latin-1 1087:kerning 1051:em dash 1045:Spacing 960:may not 837:of the 826:hackers 553:outside 367:Correct 333:he said 203:Baroque 170:History 131:typeset 91:literal 71:English 5589: 5578: 5574: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5524: 5520: 5508: 5504: 5500:dagger 5493: 5489: 5477: 5466: 5462: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5381: 5370: 5366: 5355: 5351: 5340: 5336: 5325: 5321: 5306: 5302: 5291: 5279: 5268: 5264: 5260:bullet 5253: 5249: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5211: 5207: 5196: 5184: 5173: 5169: 5158: 5154: 5143: 5139: 5128: 5124: 5113: 5109: 5098: 5094: 5083: 5079: 5067: 5056: 5052: 5041: 5037: 5026: 5022: 5011: 5007: 4996: 4992: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4962: 4958: 4947: 4935: 4924: 4920: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4890: 4886: 4875: 4871: 4860: 4848: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4795: 4783: 4779:dinkus 4772: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4759: 4755: 4752: 4748: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4726: 4722: 4711: 4707: 4696: 4692: 4681: 4677: 4666: 4662: 4651: 4647: 4636: 4632: 4621: 4609: 4598: 4594: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548:hyphen 4541: 4537: 4526: 4522: 4511: 4507: 4496: 4492: 4481: 4291:Arabic 4190:Cicero 4028:Hyphen 4013:Bullet 3974:script 3948:Uncial 3881:Didone 3645:Tittle 3488:Margin 3478:Column 3372:. The 3262:30 May 3252:W3.org 3209: 3197: 3173: 3146: 2900: 2863: 2838: 2740: 2703: 2625:. 2008 2516: 2461:. 2015 2375: 2346:34:1–5 2291: 2281: 2250: 2163: 2123: 2018: 1987: 1956: 1931: 1894:ʻOkina 1652:Alt Gr 1600: 1574:Alt Gr 1526: 1496:Alt Gr 1444: 1409:Alt Gr 1358: 1300:dialog 1223:Python 1215:Pascal 1175:. The 1167: 1165:U+2033 1154: 1152:U+2032 1031:, and 935:, the 896:Pascal 742:, and 655:ironic 559:Latin 523:Cheese 447:jargon 387:ironic 337:Commas 164:glyphs 147:ʻokina 5180:caret 5135:tilde 4673:slash 4658:caret 4590:prime 4518:colon 4503:comma 4488:space 4215:Point 4185:Agate 4045:Space 3871:Serif 3772:Pitch 3635:Swash 3610:Glyph 3551:River 3306:(PDF) 2662:Slate 2619:(PDF) 2486:equus 2482:canis 2449:(PDF) 2224:1 May 1858:above 1719:"..." 1703:“...” 1627:⌥ Opt 1553:⌥ Opt 1471:⌥ Opt 1385:⌥ Opt 1330:macOS 1292:(see 1160:PRIME 1139:ASCII 1111:prime 687:fresh 665:, or 569:equus 565:canis 545:gloss 443:slang 441:, or 375:Irony 326:above 224:Usage 196:roman 194:with 96:irony 89:or a 4825:dash 4313:Thai 4227:Twip 4210:Pica 4165:list 4145:Sort 4073:Font 4018:Dash 4004:List 3716:Bold 3566:runt 3465:Page 3347:2018 3321:2015 3289:2018 3264:2015 3234:2010 3207:ISBN 3195:ISBN 3171:ISBN 3144:ISBN 3123:2021 2898:ISBN 2861:ISBN 2836:ISBN 2807:2018 2769:2010 2738:ISBN 2701:ISBN 2670:2018 2631:2018 2602:2018 2567:2018 2527:2018 2514:ISBN 2478:ovis 2474:ovis 2467:2018 2427:p. 2 2407:2018 2373:ISBN 2289:OCLC 2279:ISBN 2248:ISBN 2226:2023 2161:ISBN 2121:ISBN 2090:2019 2051:2018 2016:ISBN 1985:ISBN 1954:ISBN 1929:ISBN 1644:> 1566:< 1488:> 1400:< 1183:and 1179:are 1162:and 1141:and 1121:and 1113:and 1109:the 1013:and 995:are 900:end. 845:and 610:'s " 561:ovis 497:and 463:meme 205:and 129:and 119:see 115:dumb 100:food 5222:tie 2992:by 2890:doi 2697:646 2369:181 1864:or 1764:14 1758:14 1751:'14 1723:). 1650:or 1608:Alt 1572:or 1534:Alt 1494:or 1452:Alt 1406:or 1366:Alt 1250:TeX 1091:CSS 815:). 783:are 760:." 473:). 455:pun 419:or 216:In 109:or 69:In 5668:: 4200:En 4195:Em 3338:. 3312:. 3308:. 3280:. 3254:. 3250:. 3225:. 3114:. 2956:, 2948:, 2944:, 2896:. 2884:. 2834:. 2832:36 2760:. 2716:^ 2699:. 2659:. 2642:^ 2633:. 2593:. 2589:. 2575:^ 2542:^ 2529:. 2508:. 2495:^ 2469:. 2451:. 2433:^ 2371:. 2348:; 2344:; 2340:; 2336:; 2287:. 2216:. 2212:. 2119:. 2117:86 2098:^ 2042:. 2030:^ 2010:. 1983:. 1868:. 1681:.) 1306:, 1264:. 1254:`` 1245:. 1194:. 1041:. 1025:, 939:' 738:, 669:. 661:, 457:: 423:. 307:: 213:. 85:, 5310:© 5215:⁀ 4764:* 4757:* 4750:* 4456:e 4449:t 4442:v 4006:) 4002:( 3449:e 3442:t 3435:v 3349:. 3323:. 3291:. 3266:. 3236:. 3179:. 3152:. 3125:. 2906:. 2892:: 2869:. 2844:. 2809:. 2771:. 2746:. 2709:. 2672:. 2604:. 2569:. 2535:. 2442:" 2409:. 2381:. 2323:. 2309:. 2295:. 2256:. 2228:. 2183:. 2169:. 2144:. 2129:. 2092:. 2053:. 2024:. 1993:. 1962:. 1937:. 1866:' 1862:" 1846:” 1838:“ 1833:“ 1825:“ 1817:” 1809:“ 1762:‘ 1756:’ 1715:( 1699:( 1656:b 1654:+ 1648:" 1646:+ 1642:+ 1635:[ 1633:+ 1629:+ 1621:8 1618:4 1615:1 1612:0 1610:+ 1602:” 1578:v 1576:+ 1570:" 1568:+ 1564:+ 1557:[ 1555:+ 1547:7 1544:4 1541:1 1538:0 1536:+ 1528:“ 1504:B 1502:+ 1498:+ 1492:' 1490:+ 1486:+ 1479:] 1477:+ 1473:+ 1465:6 1462:4 1459:1 1456:0 1454:+ 1446:’ 1418:V 1416:+ 1412:+ 1404:' 1402:+ 1398:+ 1389:] 1387:+ 1379:5 1376:4 1373:1 1370:0 1368:+ 1360:‘ 1337:X 1296:) 1219:C 1131:′ 1127:′ 1069:( 1061:( 614:" 527:E 266:' 260:"

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index