120:. As land administrators they maintained a monopoly in the possession of esoteric and often ancient information and in this context, were considered at best the “refuge of the husbandmen” and at worst; corrupt high officers of empire who manipulated records to their remunerative advantage. Qanungoh Shaikhs today are the descendants of families who held the hereditary office of ‘’Qanungoh’’ during the Muslim period.
115:
level
Qanungoh Shaikhs were hereditary government agents and “permanent repositories of information concerning the revenue receipts, area statistics, local revenue rates and (the) practice and customs” of local areas and municipalities, across the various empires that existed in the
346:
tribes acquiring the title of
Qanungoh. This was a golden age for the Qanungoh and these groups through marital and political affiliation collectively instituted and integrated the Qanungoh Shaikhs as a powerful and wealthy clan. From the early 15th century onwards a small number of
229:
Qanungoh
Shaikhs even today remain influential and amongst most literate elements of Pakistani society. Many well-known political figures and other great academics have arisen from the Qanungo Shaikhs, examples being Sessions Judge
276:
based on the jurisdiction of the regional
Qanungoh and although the title does not officially exist in its previous contexts, it is still nevertheless sometimes used to refer to regional revenue officers, in certain circumstances.
482:
Fisher.J. et al. Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A systematic review. World Health
Organisation. Volume 90, Number 2, Feb. 2012,
473:
Pakistan fertility survey: First Report. World
Fertility Survey, Pakistan Population Planning Council. Population Planning Council of Pakistan, 1976. Page 163.
258:
543:
81:
583:
432:
Yang. A.A. The
Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920. University of California Press, 1989. Page 98.
358:
During the
British period the Qanungoh continued in their hereditary office although their importance declined particularly following the
548:
292:
The title of
Qanungoh appeared in the Sub-Continent between 1270 and 1290 owing to migrations of the minor Arab aristocracy prompted by
588:
578:
319:
over the
Khaljis served as a further conduit for the movement of literate people from Central Asia and the Middle East to the
563:
423:
Singh. Dilbagh. The State, landlords, and peasants: Rajasthan in the 18th Century. Manohar Publications, 1990. Page.174.
30:
573:
553:
246:
362:. As their influence waned during this period they were popularly portrayed as corrupt, debauched and tyrannical.
286:
97:
568:
352:
235:
528:
Mishra.Hare Krishna. Bureaucracy under the Mughals, 1556 A.D. to 1707 A.D. Amar Prakashan, 1989. Page 163.
558:
371:
239:
330:. For the purposes of Qanungoh Shaikhs, the northern expansion of the Mughal empire particularly under
111:
or regional courts of investigation, in criminal matters and in offences of a "spiritual nature". On a
262:
191:
107:, lawyers and a wide variety of other legal functionaries, who would form the principal officers in
117:
254:
187:
297:
65:
285:
Qanungoh Shaikhs are the descendants of the Muslim Qanungohs of what is now Pakistan who are
510:
Rehman. M.M. Encyclopaedia of Historiography.Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. 2006. Pages 68-75.
168:
386:
320:
144:
140:
132:
414:
Malcolm. J, Sir. Report on the Province of Malwa, and Adjoining Districts. Pages 383-384.
123:
The Qanungoh have tribal and marital affinities with varied regional groups such as the
396:
391:
381:
305:
304:. The hereditary office of the Qanungoh was well established and instituted during the
128:
112:
61:
537:
359:
339:
183:
519:
Lanka Sundaram. Mughal Land Revenue System. Stokowski Press. 2007. Pages 51 and 86.
250:
242:
231:
152:
455:
Jagadish Narayan Sarkar. Mughal Polity. Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1984. Page 280.
167:
area. Some people known as Shiekhkhel are also said to have been the Qanungoh in
293:
203:
89:
73:
309:
176:
77:
164:
104:
464:
Lanka Sundaram. Mughal Land Revenue System. Stokowski Press. 2007. Page 58.
446:
Lanka Sundaram. Mughal Land Revenue System. Stokowski Press. 2007. Page 15.
343:
160:
148:
108:
69:
351:
also joined the Qanungoh, the descendants of whom became the Rulers of
327:
316:
301:
195:
156:
124:
76:. The Qanungoh were the employees of the court and judicial systems in
376:
335:
313:
266:
207:
136:
58:
214:
Islam whilst others originating in lower Punjab and Baluchistan are
348:
331:
272:
Today certain administrative areas in Pakistan retain the name of
223:
215:
199:
172:
100:
85:
219:
211:
93:
222:
orders. Some Qanungo Shaikhs have also been known to be of the
442:
440:
438:
88:
Qanungoh literally referring to an "expounder of law" or the
57:(also spelled Qanungo, Kanungoh, Kanungo etc.) are a clan of
326:
Their office continued and was greatly extended under the
492:
West Pakistan Land Revenue Rules 1968 (As amended) 2010.
289:
Shaikh and often retain their tribal or familial names.
34:
194:
provinces, although can be found in small numbers in
323:
to serve as administration over the local populace.
182:
Qanungoh Shaikhs belong to all the districts of the
501:
Azad Jammu and Kashmir Kanoongo Service Rules 1979.
171:. A small number of Qanungoh Shaikh also live in
253:who drafted the first constitution of Pakistan,
51:Muslim clan in parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan
334:resulted in people representing largely Sheikh
210:. A minority of Qanungoh Shaikhs adhere to the
8:
18:
259:Federal Minister for Parliamentary Affairs
338:and other Punjabi tribes as well as some
257:and also Shaikh Aftab Ahmed, the former
206:where they are sometimes referred to as
24:This is an accepted version of this page
407:
20:
7:
49:
544:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan
186:as well as some districts in the
236:Justice Chaudhry Muhammad Sharif
1:
584:Historical legal occupations
605:
549:Arabic-language honorifics
218:and may belong to various
589:Islamic legal occupations
92:. These included judges;
245:, the lawyer and jurist
31:latest accepted revision
269:, amongst many others.
296:'s destruction of the
564:Titles in Afghanistan
372:Shaikhs in South Asia
240:President of Pakistan
80:during the period of
579:Men's social titles
21:Page version status
574:Titles in Pakistan
554:Islamic honorifics
255:Sheikh Anwarul Haq
27:
298:Abbasid Caliphate
234:Maulvi Imam Ali,
68:, other parts of
596:
529:
526:
520:
517:
511:
508:
502:
499:
493:
490:
484:
480:
474:
471:
465:
462:
456:
453:
447:
444:
433:
430:
424:
421:
415:
412:
169:North Waziristan
55:Qanungoh Shaikhs
604:
603:
599:
598:
597:
595:
594:
593:
569:Titles in India
534:
533:
532:
527:
523:
518:
514:
509:
505:
500:
496:
491:
487:
481:
477:
472:
468:
463:
459:
454:
450:
445:
436:
431:
427:
422:
418:
413:
409:
405:
387:Muslim Kayasths
368:
321:Delhi Sultanate
283:
274:Qanungoh Halqas
247:Sir Abdul Qadir
133:Muslim Kayasths
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
602:
600:
592:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
536:
535:
531:
530:
521:
512:
503:
494:
485:
475:
466:
457:
448:
434:
425:
416:
406:
404:
401:
400:
399:
397:Punjabi Shaikh
394:
392:Muslim Khatris
389:
384:
382:Khawaja Shaikh
379:
374:
367:
364:
306:Khalji dynasty
282:
279:
226:denomination.
129:Muslim Rajputs
50:
48:
28:
22:
19:
17:
16:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
601:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
539:
525:
522:
516:
513:
507:
504:
498:
495:
489:
486:
479:
476:
470:
467:
461:
458:
452:
449:
443:
441:
439:
435:
429:
426:
420:
417:
411:
408:
402:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
365:
363:
361:
360:Indian Mutiny
356:
354:
350:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
280:
278:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:Manzoor Qadir
248:
244:
241:
238:, the former
237:
233:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:provinces in
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
40:
36:
32:
25:
559:Noble titles
524:
515:
506:
497:
488:
478:
469:
460:
451:
428:
419:
410:
357:
325:
308:. The loose
291:
284:
273:
271:
243:Wasim Sajjad
232:Khan Bahadur
228:
181:
122:
118:subcontinent
54:
53:
39:11 June 2024
38:
29:This is the
23:
294:Hulegu Khan
204:Afghanistan
192:Balochistan
147:as well as
82:Muslim rule
74:Afghanistan
538:Categories
403:References
310:suzerainty
249:, his son
177:Bangladesh
139:Brahmins,
78:South Asia
483:139-149H.
165:Jullunder
159:and also
105:sahibzada
96:who were
366:See also
344:Pakhtoon
161:Kakkezai
149:Rohillas
109:district
70:Pakistan
35:reviewed
328:Mughals
317:Caliphs
312:of the
302:Baghdad
281:Origins
196:Paktika
163:in the
157:Gardezi
145:Khattar
125:Kukhran
62:Shaikhs
377:Khatri
353:Kangra
340:Baluch
336:Khatri
314:Mamluk
287:styled
267:Attock
208:Hindki
188:Sarhad
184:Punjab
143:, and
137:Mohyal
98:styled
84:; the
72:, and
66:Punjab
59:Muslim
349:Sikhs
332:Akbar
265:from
224:Zikri
216:Sunni
200:Khost
173:India
113:state
101:sahib
90:Qanun
86:title
342:and
261:and
220:Sufi
212:Shia
198:and
190:and
175:and
155:and
153:Rind
141:Awan
94:qazi
300:in
263:MNA
103:or
64:in
37:on
540::
437:^
355:.
179:.
151:,
135:,
131:,
127:,
33:,
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.