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439:'s coastal defense, he had less than 10,000 troops at hand, though the recorded strength was 30,000. Furthermore, many of his soldiers who were young and strong men deserted to make a living elsewhere, leaving behind the old and the weak. The troops also lacked training and discipline, while the defense works were dilapidated due to years of negligence.
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broke through the northern defenses and laid siege to
Beijing. Candidates participating in the martial arts exam were mobilized to defend the nine gates of the capital. Qi Jiguang twice submitted defense proposals to the emperor and was noted to have displayed extraordinary valor and military cunning
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The first trial for Qi's new army came in 1559. After a month-long battle with wokou pirate in
Taizhou Prefecture, the pirates suffered over 5,000 casualties, while Qi's army established a name for itself among both the people of Zhejiang and its enemies. Partly as a result of Qi's military success
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pirates. The marauders that terrorized the
Eastern coastlines were hardly pirates. They constructed inland bases on land and besieged walled cities. They conducted continuous raids for at least two decades. Additionally, they weren't just Japanese. Most of the time, they worked together with mixed
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During the early reign of the Wanli
Emperor (1570s), the Mongol army led by Dong Huli, chieftain of the Duoyan tribe, continuously invaded the Ming territory. Qi Jiguang's troops defeated them many times and captured Dong Huli's younger brother Changtu. When Dong Huli brought his nephew and 300
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When his father died, Qi
Jiguang took over the commandership of Dengzhou Garrison at the age of 17. As his siblings were still young, he married Lady Wang and left domestic affairs to her. Besides building up the naval defense at the garrison, he also led his troops in the defense of
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Chinese bands, with the latter frequently dominating. Even
Chinese explorers provided their leadership. However, the Japanese pirates were the main combatants. Japan served as the base of the invasion, and the Japanese provided all military expertise and equipment.
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and fell out of favor with the Wanli
Emperor after the death of Zhang. In early 1583, Qi was relieved of his duty. His wife left him soon after and he spent the rest of his years in poverty and ailing health.
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Seeing the pirate infestation in Fujian subdued, Qi then returned to
Zhejiang to regroup. The pirates took the opportunity to invade Fujian again, this time succeeding in conquering Xinghua (興化, present day
636:. He also directed the construction of watchtowers along the wall. After two years of hard work, more than 1,000 watchtowers were completed, giving the defensive capability in the north a great boost.
1064:"Discovery Channel's Original Special, BEHIND THE GREAT WALL, Tells the Story of the Greatest Architectural Structure Ever Built and How It Defined Ruler and People of the Ming Dynasty (summary only)"
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In April 1563, Qi
Jiguang led 10,000 troops into Fujian and reclaimed Xinghua. Over the next year, a series of victories by Qi Jiguang's army finally saw the pirate problem in Fujian resolved.
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clansmen to beg tearfully for mercy at the outpost, Qi
Jiguang accepted their surrender. Dong released captives from his previous plunders and vowed to never invade Jizhou again.
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because he believed these people to be honest and hardworking. He also oversaw the construction of 44 naval vessels of various sizes to be used against pirates at sea.
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In the winter of 1572, Qi also conducted a month-long military exercise involving more than 100,000 troops. Based on his experience with the exercise he wrote the
609:) upon Altan Khan and established trade with the Mongols. Altan Khan then forbade his subordinates from raiding Chinese settlements. However, other Mongols led by
591:. However, he did not manage to eliminate Mongolian power, which continued to pester the northern frontier for the next two hundred years. When Qi was in
321:), which he based on his experience as a martial educator and defensive planner in the Ming military forces. He is regarded as a hero in Chinese culture.
474:. After the victory at Cen Harbor, not only was Qi not credited for his valor, he was almost demoted over slander that he liaised with wokou pirates.
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With the situation in Zhejiang under control, Qi shifted his focus to drilling his soldiers. He drafted mainly miners and farmers from the county of
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In July 1562, Qi Jiguang led 6,000 elite troops south into Fujian. Within two months, his army had eradicated three major lairs of wokou pirates at
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In the next year, he was given command of the troops in Jizhou to defend against the Mongols. Qi oversaw the repair work on the segment of the
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After eliminating the pirate threat, Qi Jiguang was called to Beijing in late 1567 to take charge of training the imperial guards.
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province to a family with a long military tradition. His forefather served as a military leader under the
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A historical portrayal of Qi Jiguang by actor Yu Beng Lim is represented in the 2007–2008 joint
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Millinger, James F.; Fang, Chaoying (1976), Goodrich, L. Carrington; Fang, Chaoyang (eds.),
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where the pirating situation had spiraled out of control. Together with two other generals,
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In September 1565, a major battle against wokou pirates was fought on the island of
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Qi Jiguang's late years in Shandong are the subject of the 1980 Hong Kong film,
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pirate activities in the 16th century, as well as for the reinforcement of the
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In 1553, Qi Jiguang was promoted to Assistant Regional Military Commissioner (
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At the age of 22, Qi Jiguang headed for Beijing to take part in the martial
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Qi Jiguang documented his ideas and experience in the form of two books on
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and died in battle. When Zhu Yuanzhang became the founding emperor of the
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An English Translation of General Qi Jiguang's "Quanjing Jieyao Pian"
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is another fictional portrayal of the General and his wife, with
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provided a fictional account of Qi Jiguang enlisting the help of
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continued to test Qi's defenses, though without much success.
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1141:, The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press,
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1587, a Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline
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in Zhejiang, pirate activities surged in the province of
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during the battle, and saw the defeat of the invaders.
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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579:in mid-14th century, the Hongwu Emperor drove the
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1079:The Great Wall of China (TV Movie 2007) - IMDb
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
870:) depicts the conflict with the pirates.
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350:Garrison, a district of the present day
1252:16th-century Chinese military personnel
1116:Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644
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442:In the fall of 1555, Qi was sent to
47:adding citations to reliable sources
886:The 2008 Chinese television series
16:Chinese military general and writer
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395:Battles against the wokou pirates
357:Qi Jiguang's father Qi Jingtong (
764:He also wrote a great number of
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620:Statue of Qi Jiguang in Badaling
417:during Qi Jiguang's time (blue).
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34:needs additional citations for
1044:"The Warrant of Assassination"
816:) was named after Qi Jiguang.
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556:Years on the northern frontier
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839:People's Liberation Army Navy
772:, which he compiled into the
875:The Warrant of Assassination
762:Record of Military Training.
669:He died on 17 January 1588.
641:Records of Military Training
575:With the revolt against the
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313:Record of Military Training
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1022:"戚繼光 (1978) Great General"
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829:Cheng Kung class frigate
1137:Hawley, Samuel (2005),
919:The Great Wall of China
842:Type 680 training ship
820:Ships named in honor Qi
1232:Generals from Shandong
856:A Taiwanese film 1978
826:Republic of China Navy
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681:Bust of Qi Jiguang in
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914:Behind the Great Wall
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1242:Ming dynasty writers
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938:in the leading role.
889:The Shaolin Warriors
384:imperial examination
43:improve this article
1247:Writers from Jining
1155:Huang, Ray (1981),
734:Books by Qi Jiguang
566:Great Wall of China
401:Jiajing wokou raids
303:Great Wall of China
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851:In popular culture
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1174:978-0-300-02518-7
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905:Discovery Channel
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169:(1588-01-17)
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58:"Qi Jiguang"
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1222:1588 deaths
1217:1528 births
1024:. hkmdb.com
1009:Hawley 2005
802:, known as
800:guŏng-biāng
634:Juyong Pass
224:family name
1211:Categories
1085:2022-01-28
980:Gyves 1993
968:Huang 1981
943:References
931:God Of War
858:Qi Jiguang
844:Qi Jiguang
835:(FFG 1105)
626:Great Wall
597:Altan Khan
585:Great Wall
399:See also:
388:Altan Khan
375:) against
330:Early life
258:Wade–Giles
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236:Qi Jiguang
209:Occupation
125:Qi Jiguang
69:newspapers
909:Channel 4
833:Chi Kuang
814:Indonesia
792:guangbing
786:Guangbing
595:in 1550,
550:Guangdong
495:Zhangzhou
325:Biography
275:art names
195:Wuyi (武毅)
1192:archived
1028:March 9,
911:special
810:Malaysia
805:kompyang
628:between
448:Yu Dayou
444:Zhejiang
437:Shandong
348:Dengzhou
336:Shandong
271:Yuanjing
218:In this
179:Shandong
157:Shandong
995:. 1981.
593:Beijing
581:Mongols
512:Niutian
472:Taizhou
452:Tan Lun
373:Beijing
352:Penglai
282:Mengzhu
278:Nantang
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175:Penglai
83:scholar
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742:, the
683:Fuzhou
673:Legacy
546:Nan'ao
536:Putian
522:Lindun
520:) and
502:Hengyu
487:Fujian
468:Haimen
377:Mongol
369:Jizhou
260::
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248:pinyin
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229:Qi (戚)
222:, the
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1195:(PDF)
1188:(PDF)
794:(光餅,
766:poems
760:) or
657:Death
491:Fu'an
429:wokou
424:都指揮僉事
415:China
411:wokou
298:wokou
90:JSTOR
76:books
1169:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1125:ISBN
1030:2020
907:and
824:The
812:and
779:止止堂集
768:and
757:練兵實紀
751:紀效新書
646:練兵實紀
632:and
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