45:
57:
634:
233:
616:
is the J-point. The J-point is easy to identify when the ST segment is horizontal and forms a sharp angle with the last part of the QRS complex. However, when the ST segment is sloped or the QRS complex is wide, the two features do not form a sharp angle and the location of the J-point is less clear.
641:
Not every QRS complex contains a Q wave, an R wave, and an S wave. By convention, any combination of these waves can be referred to as a QRS complex. However, correct interpretation of difficult ECGs requires exact labeling of the various waves. Some authors use lowercase and capital letters,
603:
R-peak time for right ventricle is measured from leads V1 or V2, where upper range of normal is 35 ms. R wave peak time for left ventricle is measured from lead V5 or V6 and 45 ms is the upper range of normal. R wave peak time is considered to be prolonged if it's more than 45 ms.
642:
depending on the relative size of each wave. For example, an Rs complex would be positively deflected, while an rS complex would be negatively deflected. If both complexes were labeled RS, it would be impossible to appreciate this distinction without viewing the actual ECG.
525:(called "delayed transition"). In biomedical engineering, the maximum amplitude in the R wave is usually called "R peak amplitude", or just "R peak". Accurate R peak detection is essential in signal processing equipment for
1334:
Kim SH, Kim CH, Savastyuk E, Kochiev T, Kim HS, Kim TS (2009). "Windowed
Nonlinear Energy Operator-based First-arrival Pulse Detection for Ultrasound Transmission Computed Tomography". In Lim CT, Hong JG (eds.).
90:; in children it may be shorter. The Q, R, and S waves occur in rapid succession, do not all appear in all leads, and reflect a single event and thus are usually considered together. A
650:
Monomorphic refers to all QRS waves in a single lead being similar in shape. Polymorphic means that the QRS change from complex to complex. These terms are used in the description of
1587:
187:
Ventricles contain more muscle mass than the atria. Therefore, the QRS complex is considerably larger than the P wave. The QRS complex is often used to determine the
180:, there can be an abnormal second upward deflection within the QRS complex. In this case, such a second upward deflection is referred to as R′ (pronounced "R
1395:
Singh HR, Sharma R, Sahgal N, Sethi P, Kushwah R, Kachhawa P (2010). "An improved method of measurement of ECG parameters for online medical diagnosis".
1526:
Emrich, Jonas; Koka, Taulant; Wirth, Sebastian; Muma, Michael (2023-09-04). "Accelerated Sample-Accurate R-Peak
Detectors Based on Visibility Graphs".
1810:
600:
R wave peak time (RWPT) represents the time from the onset of QRS complex to the peak of R wave, which is usually measured in aVL and V5 or V6 leads.
144:
60:
Diagram showing how the polarity of the QRS complex in leads I, II, and III can be used to estimate the heart's electrical axis in the frontal plane.
1580:
585:
509:
is where the QRS complex changes from predominantly negative to predominantly positive (R/S ratio becoming >1), and this usually occurs at V
457:, with subsequent fibrosis. A pathologic Q wave is defined as having a deflection amplitude of 25% or more of the subsequent R wave, or being
1545:
1494:
1379:
1352:
1318:
1230:
1111:
1084:
1057:
1030:
814:
1196:
2179:
1573:
703:
409:
2184:
670:. Numerous other algorithms have been proposed and investigated. In recent research, heart beat detection methods based on
1723:
2100:
477:
with an increasing R and a decreasing S wave when moving toward the left side. There is usually a qR-type of complex in V
446:. For this reason, they are referred to as septal Q waves and can be appreciated in the lateral leads I, aVL, V5 and V6.
1855:
1833:
404:
96:
2095:
1840:
986:
1921:
617:
There is no consensus on the precise location of the J-point in these circumstances. Two possible definitions are:
2125:
2082:
2072:
1948:
1928:
1892:
1815:
1775:
1596:
1049:
ECG Signal
Processing, Classification and Interpretation: A Comprehensive Framework of Computational Intelligence
1943:
1933:
1823:
581:
413:
199:
540:(PRWP) varies in the literature. It may be defined, for example, as R wave of less than 2–4 mm in leads V
2130:
2062:
2007:
1908:
1828:
1712:
1690:
651:
589:
465:
in amplitude. However, diagnosis requires the presence of this pattern in more than one corresponding lead.
443:
211:
203:
1670:
2067:
2057:
1971:
1717:
1675:
1479:
2022 44th Annual
International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)
838:
277:
729:"Exercise standards for testing and training: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association"
1916:
577:
454:
207:
1076:
ThinkQuest 2010: Proceedings of the First
International Conference on Contours of Computing Technology
1665:
1648:
1298:
221:
38:
769:
2012:
1850:
1845:
1680:
1653:
473:
Looking at the precordial leads, the R wave usually progresses from showing an rS-type complex in V
318:
281:
195:
177:
69:
956:
906:
2120:
1985:
1738:
1551:
1508:
1455:
1271:
818:
72:. It is usually the central and most visually obvious part of the tracing. It corresponds to the
1756:
1728:
1708:
1541:
1500:
1490:
1447:
1412:
1375:
1348:
1314:
1290:
1263:
1226:
1178:
1107:
1101:
1080:
1053:
1047:
1026:
1020:
1001:
887:
804:
Compendium for interpretation of ECG at
Uppsala Institution for Clinical Physiology. Year 2010
750:
727:
Fletcher GF, Ades PA, Kligfield P, Arena R, Balady GJ, Bittner VA, et al. (August 2013).
683:
667:
188:
150:
77:
1369:
1200:
2105:
1700:
1533:
1482:
1439:
1404:
1340:
1306:
1255:
1168:
1074:
877:
869:
740:
674:
have been introduced, enabling fast and sample-precise R-peak annotation even in noisy ECG.
671:
530:
191:
of the electrocardiogram, although it is also possible to determine a separate P wave axis.
1955:
1685:
1565:
304:
158:
135:
is 0.08 to 0.10 seconds. When the duration is longer it is considered a wide QRS complex.
1527:
1537:
1302:
2115:
2040:
2032:
1626:
1613:
1430:
Köhler BU, Hennig C, Orglmeister R (2002). "The principles of software QRS detection".
1173:
1156:
1128:
931:
882:
857:
181:
73:
449:
Pathologic Q waves occur when the electrical signal passes through stunned or scarred
2173:
1733:
1643:
1636:
1621:
1555:
1512:
856:
PĂ©rez-Riera AR, de Abreu LC, Barbosa-Barros R, Nikus KC, Baranchuk A (January 2016).
154:
1474:
1459:
1275:
858:"R-Peak Time: An Electrocardiographic Parameter with Multiple Clinical Applications"
220:
of the QRS complex may be useful for detection of coronary artery disease during an
194:
The duration, amplitude, and morphology of the QRS complex are useful in diagnosing
2147:
2137:
2110:
1999:
1990:
1787:
1761:
1486:
663:
273:
49:
1344:
839:
Loyola
University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine. > EKG Interpretive skills
176:
Any abnormality of conduction takes longer and causes "widened" QRS complexes. In
1475:"Fast and Sample Accurate R-Peak Detection for Noisy ECG Using Visibility Graphs"
1408:
1310:
745:
728:
2152:
2142:
1870:
1860:
1771:
164:
86:
56:
44:
633:
2090:
1875:
1765:
1748:
1631:
613:
526:
450:
1259:
2022:
1793:
1660:
548:
and/or presence of a reversed R wave progression, which is defined as R in V
297:
27:
Electrocardiogram waveform representing ventricular contraction in the heart
1504:
1451:
1416:
1182:
1005:
891:
754:
68:
is the combination of three of the graphical deflections seen on a typical
1267:
2050:
1781:
161:. If they are working efficiently, the QRS complex duration in adults is
1246:
Pan J, Tompkins WJ (March 1985). "A real-time QRS detection algorithm".
232:
2045:
873:
1443:
624:
The point at which the ECG trace becomes more horizontal than vertical
17:
1885:
1880:
1339:. IFMBE Proceedings. Vol. 23. Springer. pp. 468–471 (469).
131:(or beginning of the Q wave) to the end of the S wave. Normally this
116:
110:
31:
2017:
1604:
1225:. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 356.
632:
231:
217:
55:
43:
1569:
431:
Large amplitude might indicate of left ventricular hypertrophy
80:
of the heart and contraction of the large ventricular muscles.
442:
Normal Q waves, when present, represent depolarization of the
621:
The "first point of inflection of the upstroke of the S wave"
1157:"EKG Criteria for Fibrinolysis: What's Up with the J Point?"
1295:
Innovations in
Computing Sciences and Software Engineering
1529:
2023 31st
European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)
662:
A common algorithm used for QRS complex detection is the
493:. It is normal to have a narrow QS and rSr' patterns in V
1337:
497:, and this is also the case for qRs and R patterns in V
1291:"ECG Feature Extraction using Time Frequency Analysis"
114:
follows the S wave, and in some cases, an additional
94:
is any downward deflection immediately following the
815:"Complementary and Alternative Medicine Index (CAM)"
2081:
2031:
1998:
1984:
1964:
1901:
1803:
1747:
1699:
1612:
1603:
704:"QRS Interval - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
851:
849:
847:
1432:IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine
980:
978:
976:
108:is any downward deflection after the R wave. The
529:measurement and it is the main feature used for
453:; as such, they are usually markers of previous
184:"). This would be described as an RSR′ pattern.
666:algorithm (or method); another is based on the
517:. It is normal to have the transition zone at V
296:S amplitude in V1 + R amplitude in V5 < 3.5
1019:Szczepaniak PS, Lisboa PJ, Kacprzyk J (2000).
1581:
1150:
1148:
485:with the R-wave amplitude usually taller in V
381:Abnormality indicates presence of infarction
8:
1397:Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
1368:Chaudhuri S, Pawar TD, Duttagupta S (2009).
1248:IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
1197:"PSTF Paramedic Student Electrocardiography"
236:Schematic representation of the QRS complex.
1473:Koka, Taulant; Muma, Michael (2022-07-11).
371:Amplitude less than 1/3 QRS amplitude (R+S)
1995:
1609:
1588:
1574:
1566:
1481:. Vol. 2022. IEEE. pp. 121–126.
612:The point where the QRS complex meets the
408:Duration longer than 45 ms might indicate
83:In adults, the QRS complex normally lasts
37:"QRS" redirects here. For other uses, see
1403:(Medical and Care Compunetics 6): 40–46.
1172:
1161:The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
881:
834:
832:
830:
828:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
744:
396:Right ventricle: lead V1 or V2 < 35 ms
145:Electrical conduction system of the heart
104:follows as an upward deflection, and the
1155:Brownfield J, Herbert M (January 2008).
770:"III. Characteristics of the Normal ECG"
637:Various QRS complexes with nomenclature.
393:Left ventricle: lead V5 or V6 < 45 ms
239:
1597:Physiology of the cardiovascular system
862:Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology
695:
592:, or a faulty ECG recording technique.
153:occurs almost simultaneously, via the
774:University of Utah School of Medicine
48:Schematic representation of a normal
7:
1297:. Springer. pp. 461–466 (462).
957:"Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)"
907:"Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)"
521:(called "early transition") and at V
352:Measured in increased QRS amplitude
1538:10.23919/eusipco58844.2023.10290007
1371:Ambulation Analysis in Wearable ECG
1127:Cadogan M, Buttner R (2020-10-01).
930:Cadogan M, Buttner R (2020-10-01).
576:is commonly attributed to anterior
403:Large amplitude might indicate of
368:ms in leads other than III and aVR
272:Prolonged duration could indicate
25:
955:Burns E, Buttner R (2018-08-01).
905:Burns E, Buttner R (2018-08-01).
374:Amplitude less than 1/4 of R wave
278:intraventricular conduction delay
1293:. In Sobh T, Elleithy K (eds.).
30:For other uses of "S wave", see
580:, but it may also be caused by
572:, or any combination of these.
410:left posterior fascicular block
1487:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871266
586:Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
317:Increased amplitude indicates
310:R in V5 or V6 < 2.6 mV
70:electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
1:
1724:Aortic valve area calculation
1345:10.1007/978-3-540-92841-6_115
1133:Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL
994:Journal of Insurance Medicine
961:Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL
936:Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL
911:Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL
1532:. IEEE. pp. 1090–1094.
1409:10.3233/978-1-60750-565-5-40
1311:10.1007/978-90-481-9112-3_78
1221:Sutin KM, Marino PL (2007).
746:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829b5b44
405:left ventricular hypertrophy
214:, and other disease states.
149:Depolarization of the heart
1841:Effective refractory period
1720:) / End-diastolic dimension
1100:Yoo HJ, van Hoof C (2010).
1046:Gacek A, Pedrycz W (2011).
841:Retrieved on April 22, 2010
127:start at the end of the PR
2201:
646:Monomorphic or polymorphic
461:(40 ms) in width and
142:
36:
29:
2180:Cardiac electrophysiology
2126:Tubuloglomerular feedback
2073:Critical closing pressure
1893:Hexaxial reference system
1816:Cardiac electrophysiology
1106:. Springer. p. 197.
1052:. Springer. p. 108.
1025:. Springer. p. 256.
1022:Fuzzy Systems in Medicine
987:"Poor R-wave progression"
2101:Renin–angiotensin system
1374:. Springer. p. 67.
1260:10.1109/TBME.1985.325532
582:left bundle branch block
212:electrolyte derangements
200:conduction abnormalities
2131:Cerebral autoregulation
2096:Kinin–kallikrein system
2063:Jugular venous pressure
1713:End-diastolic dimension
1691:Pressure volume diagram
1129:"R Wave Peak Time RWPT"
1079:. Springer. p. 8.
932:"R Wave Peak Time RWPT"
652:ventricular tachycardia
590:ventricular hypertrophy
574:Poor R wave progression
538:poor R wave progression
444:interventricular septum
218:High frequency analysis
204:ventricular hypertrophy
2068:Portal venous pressure
2058:Mean arterial pressure
1972:Ventricular remodeling
1718:End-systolic dimension
1676:Cardiac function curve
638:
455:myocardial infarctions
252:Clinical significance
237:
76:of the right and left
61:
53:
2185:Diagnostic cardiology
1709:Fractional shortening
708:www.sciencedirect.com
636:
578:myocardial infarction
235:
208:myocardial infarction
172:Clinical significance
59:
47:
1649:End-diastolic volume
1103:Bio-Medical CMOS ICs
985:MacKenzie R (2005).
821:on 4 September 2009.
222:exercise stress test
120:follows the T wave.
39:QRS (disambiguation)
2013:Vascular resistance
1851:Electrocardiography
1846:Pacemaker potential
1776:Conduction velocity
1681:Venous return curve
1654:End-systolic volume
1303:2010iics.book..461N
319:cardiac hypertrophy
282:bundle branch block
269:Shorter in children
196:cardiac arrhythmias
178:bundle branch block
2121:Myogenic mechanism
1739:Left atrial volume
1671:Frank–Starling law
874:10.1111/anec.12323
639:
536:The definition of
469:R wave progression
238:
62:
54:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
1980:
1979:
1820:Action potential
1811:Conduction system
1757:Cardiac pacemaker
1729:Ejection fraction
1547:978-9-4645-9360-0
1496:978-1-7281-2782-8
1444:10.1109/51.993193
1381:978-1-4419-0725-7
1354:978-3-540-92840-9
1320:978-90-481-9111-6
1232:978-0-7817-4802-5
1113:978-1-4419-6596-7
1086:978-81-8489-988-7
1059:978-0-85729-867-6
1032:978-3-7908-1263-3
684:Electrophysiology
672:visibility graphs
668:Hilbert transform
588:, right and left
435:
434:
364:Duration up to 40
16:(Redirected from
2192:
2106:Vasoconstrictors
2083:Regulation of BP
1996:
1929:pulmonary artery
1902:Chamber pressure
1610:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1567:
1560:
1559:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1289:Nair MA (2010).
1286:
1280:
1279:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1199:. Archived from
1193:
1187:
1186:
1176:
1152:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1073:Pise SJ (2011).
1070:
1064:
1063:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1016:
1010:
1009:
991:
982:
971:
970:
968:
967:
952:
946:
945:
943:
942:
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
902:
896:
895:
885:
853:
842:
836:
823:
822:
817:. Archived from
811:
805:
802:
785:
784:
782:
780:
765:
759:
758:
748:
724:
718:
717:
715:
714:
700:
596:R wave peak time
464:
460:
367:
344:
338:
307:< 4.5 mV
265:
240:
167:
89:
21:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2159:
2077:
2027:
1989:
1986:Vascular system
1976:
1960:
1897:
1799:
1784:(Contractility)
1743:
1695:
1686:Wiggers diagram
1599:
1594:
1564:
1563:
1548:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1497:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1018:
1017:
1013:
989:
984:
983:
974:
965:
963:
954:
953:
949:
940:
938:
929:
928:
924:
915:
913:
904:
903:
899:
855:
854:
845:
837:
826:
813:
812:
808:
803:
788:
778:
776:
767:
766:
762:
726:
725:
721:
712:
710:
702:
701:
697:
692:
680:
660:
648:
631:
610:
598:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:transition zone
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
462:
458:
440:
365:
342:
336:
329:
327:
305:precordial lead
263:
230:
174:
162:
159:Purkinje fibers
147:
141:
123:To measure the
84:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2198:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2116:Autoregulation
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2041:Pulse pressure
2037:
2035:
2033:Blood pressure
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1911:
1909:Central venous
1905:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1790:(Excitability)
1785:
1779:
1769:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1627:Cardiac output
1624:
1618:
1616:
1614:Cardiac output
1607:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1546:
1518:
1495:
1465:
1422:
1387:
1380:
1360:
1353:
1326:
1319:
1281:
1254:(3): 230–236.
1238:
1231:
1213:
1188:
1144:
1119:
1112:
1092:
1085:
1065:
1058:
1038:
1031:
1011:
972:
947:
922:
897:
843:
824:
806:
786:
760:
739:(8): 873–934.
719:
694:
693:
691:
688:
687:
686:
679:
676:
659:
656:
647:
644:
630:
627:
626:
625:
622:
609:
606:
597:
594:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
522:
518:
514:
510:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:
439:
436:
433:
432:
429:
427:
425:
419:
418:
401:
399:
398:
397:
394:
389:
383:
382:
379:
377:
376:
375:
372:
369:
360:
354:
353:
350:
348:
347:
346:
340:
332:
322:
321:
315:
313:
312:
311:
308:
301:
292:
286:
285:
270:
267:
260:
254:
253:
250:
249:Value comments
247:
244:
229:
226:
173:
170:
140:
137:
74:depolarization
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2197:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:Cardiac index
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1644:Stroke volume
1642:
1638:
1637:Stroke volume
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1622:Cardiac cycle
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1203:on 2011-12-19
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
981:
979:
977:
973:
962:
958:
951:
948:
937:
933:
926:
923:
912:
908:
901:
898:
893:
889:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
831:
829:
825:
820:
816:
810:
807:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
787:
775:
771:
768:Yanowitz FG.
764:
761:
756:
752:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
723:
720:
709:
705:
699:
696:
689:
685:
682:
681:
677:
675:
673:
669:
665:
657:
655:
653:
645:
643:
635:
628:
623:
620:
619:
618:
615:
607:
605:
601:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
539:
534:
532:
528:
508:
468:
466:
456:
452:
447:
445:
437:
430:
428:
426:
424:
421:
420:
417:
415:
411:
406:
402:
400:
395:
392:
391:
390:
388:
385:
384:
380:
378:
373:
370:
363:
362:
361:
359:
356:
355:
351:
349:
341:
335:
334:
333:
331:
324:
323:
320:
316:
314:
309:
306:
302:
299:
295:
294:
293:
291:
290:QRS amplitude
288:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
261:
259:
256:
255:
251:
248:
245:
242:
241:
234:
227:
225:
223:
219:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
185:
183:
179:
171:
169:
166:
160:
156:
155:bundle of His
152:
146:
138:
136:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
118:
113:
112:
107:
103:
99:
98:
93:
88:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
58:
51:
46:
40:
33:
19:
2148:Carotid body
2111:Vasodilators
1991:hemodynamics
1865:
1796:(Relaxation)
1788:Bathmotropic
1762:Chronotropic
1528:
1521:
1478:
1468:
1438:(1): 42–57.
1435:
1431:
1425:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1370:
1363:
1336:
1329:
1294:
1284:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1223:The ICU book
1222:
1216:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:the original
1191:
1167:(1): 40–42.
1164:
1160:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1122:
1102:
1095:
1075:
1068:
1048:
1041:
1021:
1014:
1000:(1): 58–62.
997:
993:
964:. Retrieved
960:
950:
939:. Retrieved
935:
925:
914:. Retrieved
910:
900:
868:(1): 10–19.
865:
861:
819:the original
809:
777:. Retrieved
773:
763:
736:
732:
722:
711:. Retrieved
707:
698:
664:Pan-Tompkins
661:
649:
640:
611:
602:
599:
573:
537:
535:
506:
472:
451:heart muscle
448:
441:
422:
407:
386:
357:
326:Ventricular
325:
289:
274:hyperkalemia
258:QRS duration
257:
246:Normal value
216:
193:
186:
175:
148:
132:
128:
125:QRS interval
124:
122:
115:
109:
105:
101:
95:
91:
82:
65:
63:
50:sinus rhythm
2153:Glomus cell
2143:Aortic body
2138:Paraganglia
1949:ventricular
1922:ventricular
1871:QT interval
1866:QRS complex
1861:PR interval
1834:ventricular
1772:Dromotropic
733:Circulation
629:Terminology
568:< R in V
560:< R in V
552:< R in V
533:detection.
459:> 0.04 s
339:in V5 or V6
328:activation
66:QRS complex
2174:Categories
2091:Baroreflex
2008:Compliance
2000:Blood flow
1876:ST segment
1804:Conduction
1794:Lusitropic
1766:Heart rate
1749:Heart rate
1701:Ultrasound
1632:Heart rate
1207:2010-03-27
1138:2022-01-17
966:2022-01-17
941:2022-01-17
916:2022-01-17
713:2022-08-05
690:References
658:Algorithms
614:ST segment
531:arrhythmia
527:heart rate
343:< 30 ms
337:< 50 ms
330:time (VAT)
228:Components
163:80 to 110
151:ventricles
143:See also:
85:80 to 100
78:ventricles
52:ECG wave.
2051:Diastolic
2023:Perfusion
1782:Inotropic
1661:Afterload
1556:264882655
1513:252165794
564:or R in V
556:or R in V
489:than in V
463:> 2 mm
412:, LVH or
303:R+S in a
298:millivolt
262:75 to 105
243:Parameter
139:Formation
2046:Systolic
1824:cardiac
1505:36086455
1460:11337745
1452:11935987
1417:20543337
1276:14260358
1183:19561701
1006:15895699
892:26523751
779:14 April
755:23877260
678:See also
280:such as
133:interval
129:interval
1666:Preload
1299:Bibcode
1268:3997178
1174:2672223
883:6931847
608:J-point
438:Q wave
1956:Aortic
1944:atrial
1917:atrial
1913:Right
1886:U wave
1881:T wave
1856:P wave
1829:atrial
1554:
1544:
1511:
1503:
1493:
1458:
1450:
1415:
1378:
1351:
1317:
1274:
1266:
1229:
1181:
1171:
1110:
1083:
1056:
1029:
1004:
890:
880:
753:
505:. The
423:S wave
387:R wave
366:
358:Q wave
264:
117:U wave
111:T wave
106:S wave
102:R wave
97:P wave
92:Q wave
32:S wave
18:R-wave
2018:Pulse
1965:Other
1940:Left
1934:wedge
1605:Heart
1552:S2CID
1509:S2CID
1456:S2CID
1272:S2CID
990:(PDF)
501:and V
481:and V
345:in V1
182:prime
100:. An
1542:ISBN
1501:PMID
1491:ISBN
1448:PMID
1413:PMID
1376:ISBN
1349:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1264:PMID
1227:ISBN
1179:PMID
1108:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1002:PMID
888:PMID
781:2010
751:PMID
544:or V
513:or V
414:LBBB
300:(mV)
189:axis
157:and
64:The
1711:= (
1534:doi
1483:doi
1440:doi
1405:doi
1401:156
1341:doi
1307:doi
1256:doi
1169:PMC
878:PMC
870:doi
741:doi
737:128
276:or
2176::
1550:.
1540:.
1507:.
1499:.
1489:.
1477:.
1454:.
1446:.
1436:21
1434:.
1411:.
1399:.
1347:.
1313:.
1305:.
1270:.
1262:.
1252:32
1250:.
1177:.
1163:.
1159:.
1147:^
1131:.
998:37
996:.
992:.
975:^
959:.
934:.
909:.
886:.
876:.
866:21
864:.
860:.
846:^
827:^
789:^
772:.
749:.
735:.
731:.
706:.
654:.
584:,
483:6,
416:.
284:.
266:ms
224:.
210:,
206:,
202:,
198:,
168:.
165:ms
87:ms
1988:/
1778:)
1774:(
1768:)
1764:(
1589:e
1582:t
1575:v
1558:.
1536::
1515:.
1485::
1462:.
1442::
1419:.
1407::
1384:.
1357:.
1343::
1323:.
1309::
1301::
1278:.
1258::
1235:.
1210:.
1185:.
1165:9
1141:.
1116:.
1089:.
1062:.
1035:.
1008:.
969:.
944:.
919:.
894:.
872::
783:.
757:.
743::
716:.
570:1
566:2
562:2
558:3
554:3
550:4
546:4
542:3
523:5
519:2
515:4
511:3
503:6
499:5
495:1
491:6
487:5
479:5
475:1
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
