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Ships." The
Questions Committee said on the subject of the DCBs that "it is difficult, if not impossible, for an enemy to interfere with the control by wireless jambing, since each boat works on a different wave length and the discovery of the wave length is a delicate operation" and "these weapons are already capable of being handled in numbers: two of them can be controlled by one aircraft, three of them have been manoeuvred close to one another simultaneously without mutual interference, and probably as many as eight can be handled in a group if the groups are not within about four miles of one another." The committee concluded the DCB weapon "is in a different category from all others in that it is capable of control up to the moment of hitting, and this fact alone justifies close attention to development" into ultimate form as "into a shallow or surface-running torpedo of great size". While they thought that "In its present state of development...that it is not a great menace to the Capital Ship", they said it merited "uninterrupted research both in the perfection of the weapon itself and in the preparation of counter measures".
449:
wave-lengths, four D.C.B's would be used at a time, but further relays of four boats could be sent at intervals of not less than 5 miles. The D.C.B.s. will contain an explosive charge considerably heavier than any modern
Torpedo." The targets he evaluated in detail were enemy vessels at Emden. Zeebrugge. Ostend, at enemy harbours in Adriatic, at Constantinople and its vicinity and at sea. The report states, "As regards lock-gates, wharfs, piers, etc. These can be found at Emden, Zeebrugge, Ostend, etc. Targets on the Elbe are, at present, at rather long range unless it is feasible to employ aircraft in relays." He states, "These boats, with their heavy load of explosive, will tide over the time until suitable aircraft are produced which can carry a torpedo with a head capable of creating a decisive effect on capital ships", and "If 3 or 4 Flotillas (of four each) of these boats were prepared, a continued attack might be made on Ostend". Following a request from the
621:
demonstrated that they matched and described the items in this IWM collection. The
Feltham Works re-application of their system to control the Royal Navy DCBs had not been established. Details of the mysterious Feltham Works were in the National Archives but not published. References to the post war influence of the Feltham Works success as it passed via Biggin Hill to the Royal Aircraft Establishment have now been researched. The suspected influence of Pitcher and Loraine on Denny's involvement with UAVs was recognised in 2019. The Imperial War Museum now state... "The Aerial Target... became the first drone to fly under control when it was tested in March 1917. The pilot (in control of the flight from the ground) on this occasion was the future world speed record holder
457: or for fleet operations and this report of the 27 September 1918 began with the declaration that stated "Wireless controlling gear for steering a vessel from an aircraft, ship or shore station, is an accomplished fact, and can probably be fitted to any type of vessel. Successful experiments have already been carried out with submarines, motor launches, and 40-foot coastal motor boats." Their main sources of radio control developments were Captain Ryan at the Hawkcraig Experimental Station and Captain Low in the Feltham Experimental Works. However, the DCB Section accessed the work of others such as the Birmingham inventor George Joseph Dallison and the Russian Air Force officer
525:. Their control system came out of the same First World War / R.A.E. stable as the original de Havilland 1917 Aerial Target and they were also launched from a pneumatically powered ramp. Over 400 of these were in service before WWII. They were used to test anti-aircraft defences. A 1939 article on the Queen Bee concluded "Twenty years is a long time, but the men who have designed and developed the radio-controlled target aircraft have made full use of that time. Furthermore, the experiments of those twenty years cannot be imitated in a matter of weeks. Not only is Great Britain many years in advance of every other country in this sphere, but she is also likely to remain ahead."
375:, M.P., P.C.", ... "He has assigned about 14 complete Patent to Services", ... "He has voluntarily lent his entire laboratory and staff to Admiralty etc. where manufacturing is now carried out." and "Three distinct inventions have now been accepted into service after being tested, namely...1. Complete sending control gear for D.C.B. 2. Electrical Gun Timing Apparatus 3. Gun Silencer audiometer Measuring Device".
213:. It was not published until February 1923 for security reasons. Firing and guidance controls could be either wire or wireless. The propulsion and guidance rocket eflux emerged from the deflecting cowl at the nose. The 1950s IWM exhibition label states "Later in 1917, an electrically steered rocket was designed…. with the designed purpose of pursuing a hostile airman." A model of this
175:. Attempts were made to launch the first three from rails laid on the ground but they all crashed in various ways during the launching process and these trials were terminated. Nevertheless, the Aerial Target was later acknowledged as a viable weapon, stating "aircraft carrying high explosive charges are capable of being controlled by wireless."
165:
control demanded the control surface was returned to its trim position by springs. The mechanism was later exhibited by the IWM as "The original model receiving set installed in the radio controlled monoplane used in the trial flight." along with the
Selective Transmitter which the operator on the ground used to send control the control signals.
332:
Flying Corps radio unit at Biggin Hill. The
Feltham Works were still under Low's command and this is where the redevelopment and production of equipment was carried out, clock-driven impulse senders for DCBs being ordered on 13 March 1918. The port/starboard demand from the controller's sender units in the aircraft caused a
641:
of
Britain. The ATs involved the industrial efforts of at least three of the countries major aircraft companies along with the novel engine development of the "Gnat" engine by ABC Motors, the control system development by the Feltham Works and the integration and trials facilities of other RFC bases.
611:
to fly under control from the ground. A photograph of this 1917 22-foot (6.7-metre) wingspan Aerial Target aircraft exists. Parts of it were saved by Low and these still exist as well as contemporary photographs although they are not on public display. One of the 1918 Distance
Control Boats CMB9/DCB1
440:
Harbour blocking and shipping attacks were considered prime targets for this new weapon. Considerable resources would have been required (and put at risk) to get DCBs within range to launch attacks and this had to be balanced against the chances of success. The launch range was based upon running for
437: were on board one of these D.C.B.s while it was remotely controlled. Trials included steering them through 'gates' created by motor launches anchored 60 yards apart. A significant number of high ranking and senior Admiralty, Naval and political officials are referenced in the surviving records.
122:
built a single-bay biplane AT with a wingspan of about 14 ft (4.3 m) which was to carry a 50 lb (23 kg) explosive charge. Stability came from pronounced dihedral and there was a four-wheel undercarriage. The aircraft was damaged during erection at
Feltham and was never tested. The
1293:
Flight 24 August 1939 With A Queen Bee Flight by Miles
Henslow "Much has been written in the lay Press about Queen Bees, and as a result it is quite well known by the general public that these strange craft have been in use by the R.A.F. for a number of years. So well has their secret been guarded,
1222:
1 July 1955. Report of the ceremony on 29 June 1955 at the IWM when Lord
Brabazon presented "some historical components of the first flying bomb on behalf of the inventor Professor A. M. Low. Included were the actual controls of the flying bomb, invented during the early part of the 1914/18 war and
646:
approval was required for such projects. The unit also provided radio controls for floating mines. The Feltham Works were one of the precursors of the R.A.E. who inherited the Feltham patents and AT hardware. They resumed development of Remote Piloted Vehicles through the interwar years, leading to
620:
Until 2016 the RFC Aerial Target project was deemed by most sources to have failed and been terminated. The on-line images of the Imperial War Museum Feltham artefacts were not presented as a collection. Prior to 2019 no known source had published details of the Royal Flying Corps secret patents or
473:
Charles Penrose Rushton Coode, The Director of Operations Division (Foreign) suggested that operations would be impeded in Northern areas during the coming winter season. Commanders of the areas covering the targets assessed in the Plans Division report were advised of the capabilities of Distantly
285:
Their work had started in 1915 the commercial motor garage business owned by Henry Poole. This was in Chiswick. During 1916 the development showed such promise that the RFC established their secret Experimental Works in premises commandeered from the Davis Paraffin Carburettor Company and the Duval
263:
tested their equipment using aircraft with trailing aerials. Low was a qualified RFC Observer. His officers included his second in command Henry Jeffrey Poole, his radio engineer George William Mahoney Whitton, the talented inventor Ernest Windsor Bowen and the carburation specialist Louis Mantell.
552:
in California. Denny and Loraine were both British actors who had successful careers in the USA. They had been in a West End production together in 1902 in London. They were both veterans of the RFC, they both visited close relative living on the boundaries of Richmond Park in London and they were
494:
on 19 May 1919 stating "It is a matter of great regret to me that the Armistice and consequent demobilisation came too soon for your enlarged establishment to fill the important place we had assigned to it, as an experimental offshoot of the Signal School, Portsmouth.....Your extraordinary ability
464:
As an indication of the extent and urgency of the D.C.B. Section's work, Captain Low recorded the supply of aircraft radio control sender units for trials with DCB No's, 20, 21, 22, and 24 and in one letter stated "... it has meant a very large amount of over time and night work I think it will be
331:
were contracted to design these new DCB’s (and the conversions of some of the existing CMBs) to carry this large and heavy explosive payload in the bow. The resulting craft was considered to be fragile though seaworthy (but only in fair weather). The AT work was documented and transferred to Royal
309:
with an assessment of Clifton West as "...a clever man and very ingenious, but tends towards the type of inventions 'crank'. He is also the most perfect mug in the world, as I have told him and is like a bit of toasted cheese to all the rats and crooks within a hundred miles: they smell him coming
344:
in the appropriate direction to turn the rudder. This reduced any "difference" as the boat responded and acquired the new required heading. Thus any difference caused the boat to manoeuvre to keep it on the gyroscope's "required" heading, whether that difference occurred due to wave, wind or tide
498:
The Final Report of the Post-War Questions Committee, dated 27 March 1920, stated: "We have heard evidence that aircraft carrying high explosive charges are capable of being controlled by wireless as are the Distant Control Boats, but we do not consider that they will be a real menace to Capital
262:
to debunk reports of ‘fantastic’ weapons. Low had at least 30 specialists under his command at Feltham supported by their contractors and suppliers. They had motor transport assets and military and police security. Their balloon facility was used to conducted radio reception experiments and they
164:
on 21 March 1917 became the world's first powered drone aircraft to fly under radio control. The engine driven actuator applied progressively increasing deflection of the selected control (elevators or rudder) up to its limit until the selection lever was released by the ground operator. With no
448:
report of 6 April 1918 on operations with D.C.B's controlled from aircraft began "It is considered that the time is now ripe to formulate concrete plans. It is assumed that 60–80 miles should be considered the maximum range possible at present under normal conditions. Owing to limitations of
70:
There is a Royal Aircraft Factory engineering drawing dated October 1914 of an unmanned powered monoplane 9 ft 3 in (2.82 m) long with a 10 ft (3.0 m) wingspan. This was developed as a possible defence to counter the threat of aerial bombing from German
322:
In 1917 the priority for Low's control system changed; the new imperative being to counter the submarine threat. Low and Ernest Bowen transferred into the Royal Navy to adapt the AT system to the airborne control of Royal Navy Distance Control Boats (DCB), a variant of the
792:
Mills (2019) Page 189 "In order further to safeguard against outside interference I may have a number of inertia wheels of variable speed, only one being correctly adjusted to pick up the timed signals and actuate the mechanism." "and could be varied every
282:'s permanent attaché to the French Ministry of Inventions.) wrote to Low in March 1918, saying "I know of no man who has more extensive and more profound scientific knowledge, combined with a greater gift on imaginative invention than yourself."
520:
drone target survived unscathed through a major RN gunnery trial. Following further demonstrations using the Queen IIIF ('Faerie Queen') aircraft, the world's first fleet of drones was developed and these entered service in 1935. They were the
383:
The secret Distantly Controlled Boat (D.C.B.) Section of the Royal Navy's Signals School, Portsmouth, was set up to develop aerial radio systems for the control of unmanned naval vessels from 'mother' aircraft. This D.C.B. Section was based at
286:
Composition Company which were situated in the old Ivory Works in Feltham. Later these Experimental Works were moved to Archibald Low's own premises at 86 High Street, Feltham where all the Navy work was also carried out in 1918.
217:
rocket was included in this exhibition. The model was accompanied by a note: "Exhibit that is part of Professor AM Low's exhibits. Model of the wireless controlled dirigible rocket missile designed to pursue a hostile airman."
313:
Clifton's plagiarism case involved his Land Torpedo, a rolling cable drum device to snag and destroy barbed wire defences, similar to that patented under instruction from his superiors on behalf of the RFC by Archibald Low.
1135:
Mills (2019) p3 "The descendants of the consortium working on the 1917 AT project produced the fleet of Queen Bees. These were the Royal Aircraft Establishment, the de Havilland Aircraft Company and the British air and sea
412:
for use as a D.C.B. blocking ship but it was considered more suitable as a parent ship and floating repair depot for the D.C.B. Section. By then this D.C.B. Section had access to many vessels including a submarine
507:
In 1921 the R.A.E. resumed unmanned aircraft development, setting up the Radio Controlled Aircraft Committee. Initially they used their ‘1917 Type Aerial Target’ aircraft refitted with a more powerful 45 h.p.
143:
developed their prototype remote controlled aircraft and gave it the cover name "Aerial Target" (AT). All the 1917 "Aerial Target" aircraft from the various designers used the radio control system devised by
1210:
IWM EN1/1/LAB/009 IWM Exhibition label stating "This exhibit, lent by Professor A.M. Low, includes the original control which made the first radio-guided flight under selective control on 21st. March 1917."
58:
that were controlled from 'mother' aircraft. By the end of the war in 1918 Britain had successfully flown and controlled a drone aircraft and a number of fast unmanned motor boats operating in close
648:
340:" to the "new" required heading. Any "difference" between the boats current heading and the required heading (i.e. the gyroscopes alignment) started an electric motor driving a
417:
and to the necessary support of aircraft, pilots and the trained radio control operators. They had conducted trials guiding unmanned boats into the busy waters around
1445:
894:
Low (1952) p436 "For that Mole attack I had prepared a radio-fired bomb device by which any one of a number of floating buoys could be selected and exploded by radio."
996:
Patent 192,093 Application date 31 August 1917 Publication date 22 February 1923 "Improvements in Apparatus for Destroying Wire or like Defensive or other Obstacles."
230:
weapons at various establishments, such as the experiments of Capt. Cyril Percy Ryan at Hawkcraig Experimental Station (H.M.S. Tarlair). However, as control by the
1147:"Photo: Winston Churchill and the Secretary of State for War waiting to see the launch of a de Havilland Queen Bee radio-controlled target drone, 6 June 1941"
1294:
however, that apart from the name little more is known about them to-day than when the first experimental machine was created, more than twenty years ago."
197:
stated "in 1917 the Experimental Works designed an electrically steered rocket... Rocket experiments were conducted under my own patents with the help of
352:
271:
536:) link the 1917 Aerial Target to these subsequent US drone developments. Archibald Low's commanding officer on the RFC Aerial Target project was
62:
formation had been individually controlled by radio from operators flying in "mother" aircraft. This work then continued in the interwar years.
1435:
495:
and originality as a designer, combined with your sound scientific training will be a great loss to us.." The Works closed on 13 October 1919.
360:
267:
1019:
351:
The extensive trials were successful and the DCB weapon was acknowledged to be "capable of control up to the moment of hitting." Admiral
554:
168:
Low's system's encoded the command transmissions as a countermeasure to prevent enemy intervention. These codes could be changed daily.
136:
885:
Low (1952) p437 "Our works often had queer things sent to us for test, including ‘land torpedoes,’ but nothing deflected our main aim."
75:. This new potential weapon was called "Aerial Target" (AT), a misnomer to fool the Germans into thinking it was a drone plane to test
1450:
359:'s achievements during his Navy tour of duty that "Captain Low was gazetted as Lieut. Commander as from 2 October 1917 recommended by
1460:
1411:
1366:
1266:
Mills 2019 p176 "These patents are such a close match to the exhibits in the IWM that they must refer directly to these equipments."
1186:
717:
566:
1045:
242:. The focus of their work was radio guided systems but the unit also assisted with other tasks. They were involved in testing the
328:
1005:
Patent Specification 244,302 (Application date 2 April 1918, publication delayed for security Publication date 14 January 1926)
643:
400:, was informed that significant shore and mooring facilities were to be made available for D.C.B. trials and rehearsals in the
279:
231:
405:
1248:
Other images are Q 67984 to Q 67991, Q 68002 to Q 68012, Q 68036 to Q 68040, Q 66711, Q 69509, Q 69929, Q 69930 and H 10307.
972:
450:
372:
275:
1069:
UK National Archives ADM 1/8539/253 Capabilities of distantly controlled boats. Reports of trials at Dover 28–31 May 1918
430:
397:
183:
39:
1430:
445:
99:
179:
903:
Bloom (1958) p 82 "the preparation of bombs, which although successful, only just operated in time for Commander
918:"Royal Flying Corps Feltham Transmitter for the selective firing of floating mines for use in the Zeebrugge raid"
561:, the 1940s company that made the first mass-produced drones for the US Army and Navy was eventually acquired by
426:
38:(RPVs). The UAVs used in World War I were RPVs. Soon after its re-purposing from the Army Balloon Factory to the
509:
475:
259:
209:
fireworks manufacturers. The patent "Improvements in Rockets" was raised in July 1918 referring by then to the
115:
35:
1284:
Flight (1955) "The 'Factory' aeroplanes" This article lists for 1921 use of ‘1917 Type Aerial Target’ aircraft
453: on 22 July 1918 the report of the Dover Trials assessed the employment of these boats in the
42:
in 1912, designers at this Farnborough base turned their thoughts to flying an unmanned aircraft. During the
608:
522:
465:
necessary to give my men at least two days' rest when once this complete device has been delivered to you."
434:
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aircraft Nos. 5082, 5117, in charge of Captain Tate, R.A.F., to control the boats. During these trials
389:
572:
The Royal Navy also continued to develop their remote radio control assets. The pre-dreadnought battleship
298:. On 5 December 1917 he was accused of plagiarism and abuse of office by a civilian inventor Clifton West.
1440:
1087:
UK National Archives ADM 116/3141 Wireless controlled vessels and aircraft; British and German experiments
545:
409:
91:
1381:
819:
487:
247:
153:
76:
1257:
Weird War One: Intriguing Items and Fascinating Feats from the First World War IWM 2015 by Peter Taylor
404:. Airfield facilities were also requested in the area for the ‘mother’ aircraft. On 9 October 1917 the
182:, to what became the Wireless Experimental Establishment. By 1922 this work had all transferred to the
345:
deflecting the boat or to control signal demands from the "mother" aircraft precessing the gyroscope.
201:" Like Low, Brock was an experimental officer. Brock commanded the Royal Navy Experimental Station at
1105:"The Evolution of the Cruise Missile" - Dr Kenneth P. Werrell - Air University Press - 1985 - page 18
573:
251:
119:
633:
During the First World War the Aerial Targets and subsequent DCBs were developed as ripostes to the
1455:
750:
Everett, H. R. 2015. Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II. Cambridge: MIT Press Page 270 onwards
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558:
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324:
235:
198:
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51:
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Details of the Feltham Experimental Works have survived in the records of a legal claim against
17:
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713:
202:
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210:
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By July 1917 six Aerial Targets designed by the Factory had been built and were tested at
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43:
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for their planned exhibition. These included the control system that flew in March 1917.
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2 hours at 30 knots, the time that the DBC engines could be operated without attention.
634:
553:
both flying and making films in Hollywood in the 1930s when Denny became interested in
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537:
401:
368:
364:
302:
255:
243:
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who was at this time the assistant director of Electrical Torpedo and Mining wrote to
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853:
622:
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356:
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227:
194:
145:
87:
47:
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Conversions of the 40-ft CMBs Number 3, 9 and 13 were three of the five DCBs built.
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presented a model of the AT and the various artefacts from the Feltham Unit to the
454:
442:
422:
306:
172:
111:
278:(Chairman of the War Office Committee on Wireless Telegraphy and at this time the
478:, C-in-C, Mediterranean. No D.C.B. operations were mounted before the Armistice.
355:(Director of Mines and Torpedoes) stated on 18 March 1918 in a letter concerning
310:
and get out their Bowie knives." The case against Archibald Low was not pursued.
580:
528:
The next major development were the first US fleets of target drones during the
238:
radio guided weapons was established. This was the secret Experimental Works in
160:
engine that was launched from a pneumatically powered ramp in the RFC trials at
940:
517:
513:
337:
161:
55:
1376:
Low, A. M. (3 October 1952). "The First Guided Missile". Flight: 436 onwards.
1020:"The Hornets of Sea: The World War One Coastal Motor Boats of the Royal Navy"
266:
Low was commended for this work by a number of senior officers including Sir
341:
333:
214:
205:. Pertinent to these rocket experiments, Brock was also a Director of the
30:(UAVs) include both autonomous (capable of operating without human input)
642:
The project was sustained over the worst years of the war when continued
638:
421:. Then between 28 May and 31 May 1918 trials were undertaken by the
157:
95:
59:
1404:
The Dawn of the Drone: from the back room boys of the Royal Flying Corps
1179:
The Life of Robert Loraine: the stage, the sky, and George Bernard Shaw
385:
239:
149:
72:
258:
and its Commanding Officer Archibald Low travelled to France and into
414:
1244:
IWM catalogue. For example the Aerial Target Model can be found at
607:
The Royal Flying Corps' Aerial Target was the world's first drone
1181:. Newark Lanham, Md.: University of Delaware Press. p. 172.
820:"ADM 1/8586/70: Final Report of the Post-War Questions Committee"
647:
the fleet of Queen Bee RPVs. In 1976 Low was inducted into the
651:
and has been called the "Father of Radio Guidance Systems".
1343:. Farnborough Air Sciences Trust - FAST Monograph No 003.
476:
Admiral of the Fleet, Sir Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe
907:
to see them in the last hours of his life at Zeebrugge."
234:
over military research was introduced, a centre for the
186:, back at Farnborough where it had all begun in 1914.
544:'s best man. Loraine had a great deal in common with
1350:
He Lit The Lamp - A Biography Of Professor A. M. Low
1046:"Department of the Director of Torpedoes and Mining"
336:
on the boat to change the direction of its axis by "
1078:
UK National Archives ADM 196/90/187 Service Records
532:. Four veterans of the RFC (and its successor, the
474:Controlled Boats including, on the 7 October 1918,
712:(1st ed.). London: Putnam. pp. 233–234.
486:Before the Feltham Experimental Works were closed
270:(the wartime commander of the RFC) and Admiral
1124:Film: "Trials Of The Fairey Queen At Gibraltar
8:
814:
812:
810:
808:
503:The RFC links to subsequent UAV developments
461: who was based in Paris at this time.
46:this pioneering work resulted in trials of
1446:Science and technology during World War I
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
603:Surviving artefacts and their photographs
431:Acting Vice-Admiral Sir Roger J. B. Keyes
190:The Royal Flying Corps 1917 Guided Rocket
1114:Flight (1955) "The 'Factory' aeroplanes"
660:
612:has been saved and carefully restored.
327:to be filled with an explosive charge.
318:1918 aircraft-controlled unmanned boats
254:. They provided ‘distractions’ for the
1390:
1379:
1013:
1011:
226:During World War One, work started on
1126:, 1933 - IWM Catalogue number MTE 139
406:Deputy Director of Naval Construction
7:
856:, "The First Guided Missile" p. 436.
830:– via H.M.S. Hood Association.
579:was converted into a remote control
178:The "AT" project was transferred to
512:engine. In 1925 they developed the
274:(Director of Mines and Torpedoes).
222:Radio guidance and the Feltham Unit
148:at the RFC's Experimental Works in
123:design was later reworked into the
290:The Adjutant-General investigation
25:
469:Preparation for D.C.B. Operations
987:Mills (2019) chapter 17 page 237
649:International Space Hall of Fame
18:R.F.C. World War I Drone Weapons
1018:Mills, Steve (5 October 2019).
644:Munitions Inventions Department
379:The Royal Navy's D.C.B. Section
280:Munitions Inventions Department
232:Munitions Inventions Department
1359:The British Fighter Since 1912
1044:MacKie, Colin (January 2018).
977:, Jane Roberts, 4 October 2020
941:"Louis Mantell - Graces Guide"
587:Imperial War Museum exhibition
451:Commander-In-Chief Grand Fleet
408:, William Henry Gard assessed
378:
156:'s "AT" aircraft powered by a
1:
1436:British Empire in World War I
822:. 27 March 1920. pp. 8–9
523:de Havilland DH.82 Queen Bees
276:Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet
94:designed an AT powered by an
1177:Liggera, Lanayre D. (2013).
459:Sergey Alekseevich Oulianine
433: and Rear-Admiral
398:Commander-in-Chief, The Nore
260:neutral Spain during the war
137:history of UAV target drones
1314:"A Brief History of Drones"
353:Edward Stafford Fitzherbert
301:On 26 January 1918 colonel
272:Edward Stafford Fitzherbert
65:
54:and unmanned boats for the
1477:
1163:"With A Queen Bee Flight"
708:Sopwith Aircraft 1912–1920
388:under the command of
98:engine which was built by
1451:Radio-controlled aircraft
1339:Allen, Dennis W. (2015).
637:aerial bombing and naval
555:radio controlled aircraft
427:Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8
102:of Lincoln in 1916/1917.
66:The Factory's 1914 design
36:remotely piloted vehicles
1461:Unmanned aerial vehicles
974:The Anti-Vaccinator Kids
616:Recent archival research
591:On 29 June 1955 Low and
510:Armstrong Siddeley Ounce
446:Admiralty Plans Division
423:Royal Navy Dover Command
392:VC. On 1 September 1917
28:Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
1406:. Havertown: Casemate.
629:Historical significance
609:unmanned aircraft (UAV)
435:Cecil Frederick Dampier
390:Eric Gascoigne Robinson
1389:Cite journal requires
1348:Bloom, Ursula (1958).
1316:. Imperial War Museums
920:. Imperial War Museum.
92:Royal Aircraft Factory
40:Royal Aircraft Factory
1402:Mills, Steve (2019).
1357:Lewis, Peter (1979).
802:Allen (2015) p31 - 34
732:Mills, 2019, p197-198
488:John Knowles Im Thurn
425:, using operators in
369:Brig. General Pitcher
365:Brig. General Caddell
248:George Constantinescu
154:Geoffrey de Havilland
840:Allen (2015) page 36
516:. By January 1933 a
443:Capt. Dudley Pound's
305:provided his friend
252:synchronization gear
207:C.T. Brock & Co.
120:Kingston upon Thames
1153:, 1941, ref H 10307
704:King, H.F. (1981).
694:Lewis 1978, p. 101.
597:Imperial War Museum
482:Post War assessment
361:Sir David Henderson
48:remotely controlled
1431:Royal Flying Corps
1361:. London: Putnam.
550:Radioplane Company
419:Portsmouth Harbour
325:Coastal Motor Boat
236:Royal Flying Corps
141:Royal Flying Corps
131:1917 Aerial Target
73:dirigible airships
52:Royal Flying Corps
1341:Unmanned Aircraft
1201:Mills (2019) p219
962:Mills (2019) p165
953:Mills (2019) p215
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540:. In 1921 he was
518:Fairey Queen IIIF
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1050:Gulabin.com
1024:History Hit
866:IWM Q 68009
782:IWM Q 68010
771:IWM Q 68006
760:IWM Q 68003
581:target ship
371:and Major,
329:Thornycroft
180:Biggin Hill
1456:Inventions
1425:Categories
685:Low (1952)
655:References
559:Radioplane
557:. Denny's
410:HMS Carron
338:precession
199:Cdr. Brock
56:Royal Navy
854:A. M. Low
583:in 1920.
576:Agamemnon
342:worm gear
334:gyroscope
215:dirigible
203:Stratford
173:Northholt
152:. One of
1352:. Burke.
1233:Q 67991
1136:forces."
1029:23 March
826:23 March
639:blockade
514:`Larynx’
96:ABC Gnat
60:flotilla
1333:Sources
1246:Q 68008
569:drone.
386:Calshot
240:Feltham
150:Feltham
116:Sopwith
106:Sopwith
90:at the
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1320:16 May
1220:Flight
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850:Flight
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415:HMS C4
184:R.A.E.
162:Upavon
32:drones
1052:: 39.
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793:day."
455:Bight
110:With
1408:ISBN
1395:help
1363:ISBN
1322:2021
1183:ISBN
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828:2021
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574:HMS
246:and
158:Gnat
135:The
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