31:
61:
366:
down and left and the right-hand ruddervator up and left. The opposite produces yaw to the right. Pitch nose up is produced by moving the control column or stick back which deflects the left-hand ruddervator up and right and the right-hand ruddervator up and left. Pitch nose down is produced by moving the control column or stick forward which induces the opposite ruddervator movements.
309:
50:
91:) of an aircraft is an unconventional arrangement of the tail control surfaces that replaces the traditional vertical and horizontal surfaces with two surfaces set in a V-shaped configuration. It is not widely used in aircraft design. The aft edge of each twin surface is a hinged control surface called a ruddervator, which combines the functions of both a
264:
unmanned aerial drone often have the power plant placed outside the aircraft. In such cases V-tails are used to avoid placing the vertical stabilizer in the exhaust of the engine, which would disrupt the flow of the exhaust, reducing thrust and increasing wear on the stabilizer, possibly leading to
365:
Ruddervators provide the same control effect as conventional control surfaces, but through a more complex control system that actuates the control surfaces in unison. Yaw moving the nose to the left is produced on an upright V tail by moving the pedals left which deflects the left-hand ruddervator
284:
re-assessed the
Beechcraft Bonanza due to safety concerns. While the Bonanza met the initial certification requirements, it had a history of fatal mid-air breakups during extreme stress, at a rate exceeding the accepted norm. The type was deemed airworthy and restrictions removed after Beechcraft
240:
studies indicated that the V-tail surfaces must be larger than simple projection into the vertical and horizontal planes would suggest, such that total wetted area is roughly constant; reduction of intersection surfaces from three to two does, however, produce a net reduction in drag through
567:
549:
690:
237:
1267:
1641:
419:
1307:
323:
Ruddervators are the control surfaces on an airplane with a V-tail configuration. They are located at the trailing edge of each of the two
1262:
1207:
1072:
197:
1327:
683:
503:
437:
Gudmundsson S. (2013). "General
Aviation Aircraft Design: Applied Methods and Procedures" (Reprint). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 489.
261:
281:
1297:
913:
895:
442:
205:
1580:
1421:
676:
212:
ultralights, of which over 2,000 were produced, featured an inverted V-tail, which also carried the rear landing gear.
1646:
1302:
1257:
948:
39:
519:
1488:
1332:
1282:
43:
1651:
1272:
825:
755:
170:
158:
1317:
1600:
1575:
1337:
1242:
1132:
1102:
1077:
943:
908:
359:
355:
286:
193:
1615:
1416:
1312:
1137:
1097:
953:
119:
96:
1595:
1513:
1503:
1008:
720:
618:
592:
455:
297:
162:
54:
186:
122:
292:
V-tailed aircraft require longer rear fuselages than aircraft with conventional empennages to prevent
1560:
1363:
1157:
968:
923:
614:
201:
1539:
1446:
1162:
870:
699:
498:(3rd ed.). Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. p. 78.
1247:
1227:
1222:
1196:
1107:
1048:
820:
572:
Federal
Register:(Volume 68, Number 93)Docket No. 93-CE-37-AD; Amendment 39-13147; AD 94-20-04 R2
332:
249:
209:
166:
146:
69:
65:
35:
354:
of "rudder" and "elevator." In a conventional aircraft tail configuration, the rudder provides
30:
1555:
1292:
1237:
1217:
1147:
1142:
1127:
815:
499:
438:
415:
268:
In military aircraft, V-tails reduce the number of right angles on an aircraft, improving its
229:
1610:
1493:
1167:
1062:
785:
760:
703:
269:
60:
169:
jet is a recent example of a civilian aircraft adopting the V-tail. Some gliders, like the
112:
1620:
1590:
1585:
1436:
1357:
1322:
1287:
1082:
730:
1605:
1465:
1182:
740:
735:
663:
640:
375:
340:
328:
313:
293:
257:
242:
233:
174:
108:
664:
Simple
Aerodynamics Of The V-Tail, from "Flying the Beech Bonanza" by Eckalbar, John C
1635:
1534:
1473:
1277:
1212:
850:
830:
745:
344:
145:
The most popular conventionally V-tailed aircraft that has been mass-produced is the
327:
making up the tail of the plane. The first use of ruddervators may have been on the
1570:
1498:
1461:
1441:
1431:
1406:
1371:
1152:
1122:
1092:
1058:
1038:
1028:
1023:
993:
928:
795:
765:
725:
380:
134:
668:
296:. This tendency, called "snaking", was apparent on taking off and landing on the
1518:
1401:
1117:
973:
351:
253:
225:
550:"Look Closely At Russia's Checkmate Fighter—Its Tail Is One Key To Its Stealth"
1508:
1396:
1391:
1347:
1342:
1177:
1112:
1087:
1043:
1018:
1003:
938:
800:
790:
331:'s X-tail, although there is no proof that the aircraft ever flew. The later
1565:
1483:
1411:
1386:
1376:
1232:
1013:
998:
978:
933:
918:
875:
860:
855:
845:
780:
750:
390:
308:
49:
17:
319:
prototype fighter jet, showing its distinctive wide V-tail and ruddervators
137:
were essentially a V tail that extended both above and below the fuselage.
220:
Ideally, with fewer surfaces than a conventional three-aerofoil tail or a
1478:
1451:
1426:
1192:
1172:
1033:
963:
880:
805:
775:
711:
343:
designed the first practical ruddervators in 1930, tested on a modified
1252:
903:
885:
810:
527:
324:
988:
958:
840:
770:
385:
336:
221:
116:
92:
1381:
983:
835:
307:
59:
48:
29:
27:
Aircraft tail that incorporates rudder and elevators in a V shape
173:, were designed with a V-tail, but the production Vasamas had a
672:
410:
Barnard, R.H.; Philpott, D.R. (2010). "10. Aircraft control".
414:(4th ed.). Harlow, England: Prentice Hall. p. 275.
192:
was one of the first aircraft to have an inverted V-tail.
68:
showing its inverted V-tail covered with translucent
568:"FAA Airworthiness Directive 93-CE-37-AD as Amended"
1548:
1527:
1460:
1356:
1191:
1057:
894:
710:
107:The V-tail was invented in 1930 by Polish engineer
484:, pages 64-70. Kitplanes Magazine, September 2000.
526:. Cirrus Design Corporation. 2008. Archived from
111:and was tested for the first time on an Hanriot
358:(horizontal) control and the elevator provides
133:The X-shaped tail surfaces of the experimental
684:
8:
335:flew with ruddervators on its X-tail. Later
208:would later feature this type of tail. The
691:
677:
669:
300:, which has a relatively short fuselage.
402:
285:issued a structural modification as an
496:Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach
433:
431:
224:, the V-tail is lighter and has less
7:
260:or larger jet aircraft, such as the
641:"Simple Aerodynamics Of The V-Tail"
480:Hunt, Adam & Ruth Merkis-Hunt:
53:The V-tail of a Belgian Air Force
25:
262:Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk
574:. Federal Register. May 14, 2003
161:stealth attack aircraft and the
282:Federal Aviation Administration
248:Light jet aircraft such as the
1601:In-flight entertainment system
1298:Horizontal situation indicator
1:
462:. 17 August 1961. p. 212
206:General Atomics MQ-1 Predator
157:. Other examples include the
149:Model 35, often known as the
1642:Aircraft tail configurations
1581:Environmental control system
593:"L'Aéronautique, Volume 17"
1668:
1258:Course deviation indicator
949:Electro-hydraulic actuator
639:Eckalbar, John C. (1986).
520:"Cirrus SJ50 Design Notes"
494:Raymer, Daniel P. (1999).
40:National Test Pilot School
1489:Conventional landing gear
44:Mojave Air and Space Port
1273:Flight management system
619:"Flight 28 October 1911"
228:, so thus produces less
194:Unmanned aerial vehicles
171:Lehtovaara PIK-16 Vasama
159:Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk
1576:Emergency oxygen system
1338:Turn and slip indicator
1133:Leading-edge droop flap
1103:Drag-reducing aerospike
1078:Adaptive compliant wing
1073:Active Aeroelastic Wing
312:A top-down view of the
287:Airworthiness Directive
125:in the summer of 1931.
1616:Passenger service unit
1417:Self-sealing fuel tank
1313:Multi-function display
320:
280:In the mid-1980s, the
187:Blohm & Voss P 213
120:aerospace manufacturer
72:
57:
46:
38:still operated by the
1596:Ice protection system
1514:Tricycle landing gear
1504:Landing gear extender
721:Aft pressure bulkhead
311:
298:Fouga CM.170 Magister
163:Fouga CM.170 Magister
115:trainer, modified by
63:
55:Fouga CM.170 Magister
52:
33:
1561:Auxiliary power unit
969:Flight control modes
460:Flight International
456:"Sport and Business"
362:(vertical) control.
241:elimination of some
202:General Atomics Gnat
123:Plage and Laśkiewicz
83:(sometimes called a
1540:Escape crew capsule
1447:War emergency power
1318:Pitot–static system
1163:Variable-sweep wing
871:Vertical stabilizer
226:wetted surface area
1248:Attitude indicator
1228:Airspeed indicator
1223:Aircraft periscope
321:
265:damage over time.
250:Cirrus Vision SF50
210:Ultraflight Lazair
167:Cirrus Vision SF50
147:Beechcraft Bonanza
73:
66:Ultraflight Lazair
58:
47:
1647:Polish inventions
1629:
1628:
1556:Aircraft lavatory
1293:Heading indicator
1238:Annunciator panel
1218:Air data computer
1128:Leading-edge cuff
421:978-0-273-73098-9
347:trainer in 1931.
272:characteristics.
243:interference drag
89:Rudlicki's V-tail
16:(Redirected from
1659:
1611:Navigation light
1591:Hydraulic system
1566:Bleed air system
1494:Drogue parachute
1168:Vortex generator
786:Interplane strut
693:
686:
679:
670:
651:
650:
648:
647:
636:
630:
629:
627:
625:
617:(October 1911).
611:
605:
604:
589:
583:
582:
580:
579:
564:
558:
557:
545:
539:
538:
536:
535:
516:
510:
509:
491:
485:
482:Skeletal Remains
478:
472:
471:
469:
467:
452:
446:
435:
426:
425:
407:
21:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1652:V-tail aircraft
1632:
1631:
1630:
1625:
1621:Ram air turbine
1586:Flight recorder
1544:
1523:
1456:
1437:Thrust reversal
1361:
1352:
1323:Radar altimeter
1288:Head-up display
1198:
1187:
1083:Anti-shock body
1065:
1053:
914:Artificial feel
896:Flight controls
890:
756:Fabric covering
706:
702:components and
697:
660:
655:
654:
645:
643:
638:
637:
633:
623:
621:
613:
612:
608:
591:
590:
586:
577:
575:
566:
565:
561:
547:
546:
542:
533:
531:
524:www.the-jet.com
518:
517:
513:
506:
493:
492:
488:
479:
475:
465:
463:
454:
453:
449:
445:, 9780123973290
436:
429:
422:
412:Aircraft Flight
409:
408:
404:
399:
372:
306:
278:
218:
183:
143:
131:
105:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1665:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:Landing lights
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1528:Escape systems
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1466:arresting gear
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1422:Splitter plate
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
900:
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
741:Cruciform tail
738:
736:Crack arrestor
733:
728:
723:
717:
715:
708:
707:
698:
696:
695:
688:
681:
673:
667:
666:
659:
658:External links
656:
653:
652:
631:
606:
597:L'Aéronautique
584:
559:
540:
511:
504:
486:
473:
447:
427:
420:
401:
400:
398:
395:
394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
376:Cruciform tail
371:
368:
350:The name is a
341:Jerzy Rudlicki
314:Northrop YF-23
305:
302:
277:
274:
258:Sonex SubSonex
234:parasitic drag
217:
214:
182:
179:
175:cruciform tail
151:V-tail Bonanza
142:
139:
130:
127:
109:Jerzy Rudlicki
104:
101:
85:butterfly tail
34:1950 V-tailed
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1664:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:Other systems
1547:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Ejection seat
1533:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1479:Arrestor hook
1477:
1475:
1474:Aircraft tire
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1278:Glass cockpit
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:Air data boom
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
994:Rudder pedals
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
899:
897:
893:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
851:Trailing edge
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
831:Stressed skin
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
716:
713:
709:
705:
701:
694:
689:
687:
682:
680:
675:
674:
671:
665:
662:
661:
657:
642:
635:
632:
620:
616:
610:
607:
602:
599:(in French).
598:
594:
588:
585:
573:
569:
563:
560:
555:
551:
544:
541:
530:on 2006-12-09
529:
525:
521:
515:
512:
507:
505:1-56347-281-3
501:
497:
490:
487:
483:
477:
474:
461:
457:
451:
448:
444:
440:
434:
432:
428:
423:
417:
413:
406:
403:
396:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
369:
367:
363:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
345:Hanriot HD.28
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
318:
315:
310:
303:
301:
299:
295:
290:
288:
283:
276:Disadvantages
275:
273:
271:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
215:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:Miniaturjäger
188:
180:
178:
176:
172:
168:
165:trainer. The
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
140:
138:
136:
128:
126:
124:
121:
118:
114:
110:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
71:
67:
62:
56:
51:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
1571:Deicing boot
1499:Landing gear
1442:Townend ring
1432:Thrust lever
1407:NACA cowling
1372:Autothrottle
1364:fuel systems
1362:devices and
1153:Stall strips
1123:Krueger flap
1093:Channel wing
1039:Wing warping
1029:Stick shaker
1024:Stick pusher
944:Dual control
929:Centre stick
865:
796:Leading edge
766:Flying wires
726:Cabane strut
644:. Retrieved
634:
622:. Retrieved
609:
603:: 333. 1935.
600:
596:
587:
576:. Retrieved
571:
562:
553:
548:Axe, David.
543:
532:. Retrieved
528:the original
523:
514:
495:
489:
481:
476:
464:. Retrieved
459:
450:
411:
405:
381:Pelikan tail
364:
349:
322:
316:
304:Ruddervators
291:
279:
267:
247:
219:
196:such as the
189:
184:
154:
150:
144:
141:Conventional
135:Lockheed XFV
132:
106:
88:
84:
80:
76:
74:
18:Ruddervators
1519:Tundra tire
1402:Intake ramp
1333:Transponder
1118:Gurney flap
1059:Aerodynamic
974:Fly-by-wire
856:Triple tail
466:13 December
352:portmanteau
333:Coandă-1911
329:Coandă-1910
254:Eclipse 400
236:. However,
1636:Categories
1509:Oleo strut
1397:Inlet cone
1392:Gascolator
1358:Propulsion
1348:Yaw string
1343:Variometer
1199:instrument
1178:Wing fence
1113:Gouge flap
1088:Blown flap
1044:Yaw damper
1019:Stabilator
1004:Side-stick
939:Dive brake
826:Stabilizer
801:Lift strut
791:Jury strut
646:2008-08-13
624:11 January
578:2008-08-14
534:2008-08-14
443:0123973295
397:References
317:Gray Ghost
216:Advantages
153:or simply
1484:Autobrake
1412:NACA duct
1387:Fuel tank
1377:Drop tank
1360:controls,
1243:Astrodome
1233:Altimeter
1098:Dog-tooth
1063:high-lift
1014:Spoileron
999:Servo tab
979:Gust lock
934:Deceleron
919:Autopilot
876:Wing root
861:Twin tail
846:Tailplane
781:Hardpoint
751:Empennage
714:structure
391:Twin tail
339:engineer
198:LSI Amber
1452:Wet wing
1427:Throttle
1173:Vortilon
1034:Trim tab
964:Flaperon
954:Elevator
909:Airbrake
881:Wing tip
806:Longeron
776:Fuselage
712:Airframe
700:Aircraft
370:See also
325:airfoils
181:Inverted
129:Variants
97:elevator
81:vee-tail
1462:Landing
1253:Compass
1201:systems
1193:Avionic
1183:Winglet
1066:devices
1009:Spoiler
904:Aileron
886:Wingbox
811:Nacelle
761:Fairing
704:systems
270:stealth
230:induced
103:History
42:at the
1197:flight
1158:Strake
989:Rudder
959:Elevon
924:Canard
866:V-tail
841:T-tail
771:Former
731:Canopy
615:Flight
554:Forbes
502:
441:
418:
386:T-tail
337:Polish
294:yawing
256:, the
252:, the
222:T-tail
155:V-Tail
117:Polish
93:rudder
77:V-tail
70:Tedlar
1382:FADEC
1268:EICAS
1143:Slats
984:HOTAS
836:Strut
360:pitch
113:HD.28
1464:and
1328:TCAS
1308:ISIS
1263:EFIS
1208:ACAS
1195:and
1148:Slot
1108:Flap
1061:and
1049:Yoke
821:Spar
746:Dope
626:2011
500:ISBN
468:2017
439:ISBN
416:ISBN
238:NACA
232:and
204:and
185:The
95:and
75:The
1303:INS
1283:GPS
1138:LEX
816:Rib
356:yaw
87:or
79:or
64:An
36:B35
1638::
601:17
595:.
570:.
552:.
522:.
458:.
430:^
289:.
245:.
200:,
177:.
99:.
692:e
685:t
678:v
649:.
628:.
581:.
556:.
537:.
508:.
470:.
424:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
