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should practice and the vices they should avoid. The greater number of the replies contain a verse or several verses of the Bible accompanied by a comment which defines the meaning. The most striking qualities of the
Basilian Rule are its prudence and its wisdom. It leaves to the superiors the care of settling the many details of local, individual, and daily life; it does not determine the material exercise of the observance or the administrative regulations of the monastery. Poverty, obedience, renunciation, and self-abnegation are the virtues which St. Basil makes the foundation of the monastic life.
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628:. Owing to this the monks formed a class apart, corresponding to the upper clergy of the Western Churches; this gave and still gives a preponderating influence to the monasteries themselves. In some of them theological instruction is given both to clerics and to laymen. In the East the convents for women adopted the Rule of St. Basil and had constitutions copied from those of the Basilian monks.
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regulate the details of the daily life, as a supplement to St Basil's Rules. He therefore drew up constitutions, afterwards codified, which became the norm of the life at the
Stoudios monastery, and gradually spread thence to the monasteries of the rest of the Greek empire. Thus to this day the Rules of Basil and the Constitutions of
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He limits himself to laying down indisputable principles which will guide the superiors and monks in their conduct. He sends his monks to the Sacred
Scriptures; in his eyes the Bible is the basis of all monastic legislation, the true Rule. The questions refer generally to the virtues which the monks
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The monastery was an active center of intellectual and artistic life and a model which exercised considerable influence on monastic observances in the East. Theodore attributed the observances followed by his monks to his uncle, the saintly Abbot Plato, who first introduced them in his monastery of
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From the beginning the
Oriental Churches often took their patriarchs and bishops from the monasteries. Later, when the secular clergy was recruited largely from among married men, this custom became almost universal, for, as the episcopal office could not be conferred upon men who were married, it
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life is superior to the eremitical; that fasting and austerities should not interfere with prayer or work; that work should form an integral part of the monastic life, not merely as an occupation, but for its own sake and in order to do good to others; and therefore that monasteries should be near
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made
Theodore leader of the ancient Stoudios Monastery in Constantinople. He set himself to reform his monastery and restore St. Basil's spirit in its primitive vigour. But to effect this, and to give permanence to the reformation, he saw that there was need of a more practical code of laws to
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the monasteries increased rapidly in number. The monks took an active part in the ecclesiastical life of their time. Their monasteries were places of refuge for studious men. Many of the bishops and patriarchs were chosen from their ranks. They gave to the preaching of the Gospel its greatest
714:, who was Abbot of Grottaferrata, sought to stimulate the intellectual life of the Basilians by means of the literary treasures which their libraries contained. Other Italian monasteries of the Basilian Order were affiliated with the monastery of Grottaferrata in 1561.
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In his Rule, Basil follows a catechetical method; the disciple asks a question to which the master replies. As he visited early ascetic communities, the members would have questions. His responses were written down and formed the "Small
Asketikon", published in 366.
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persecution; the stand they took in this aroused the anger of the imperial controversialists. The Faith had its martyrs among them; many of them were condemned to exile, and some took advantage of this condemnation to reorganize their religious life in
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Fine penmanship and the copying of manuscripts were held in honor among the
Basilians. Among the monasteries which excelled in the art of copying were the Stoudios, Mount Athos, the monastery of the Isle of
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apostles. The position of the monks in the empire was one of great power, and their wealth helped to increase their influence. Thus their development ran a course parallel to that of their
Western brethren.
573:, who wrote works expounding the Christian faith, and composed hymns which are still used both liturgically in Eastern Christian practice throughout the world as well as in western Lutheranism at Easter.
557:, Patriarch of Jerusalem in 634, a monk and theologian who was the chief protagonist for orthodox teaching in the doctrinal controversy on the essential nature of Jesus and his volitional acts.
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Attribution of the Rule and other ascetical writings that go under his name to Basil has been questioned. But the tendency is to recognize as his at any rate the two sets of Rules, the
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691:, was founded by Nilus, as a place of retirement for nearby eremite monks. It retained the Greek Rite over the Latin Rite long after the town came under Norman rule. The
539:. These monasteries, and others as well, were studios of religious art where the monks toiled to produce miniatures in the manuscripts, paintings, and goldsmith work.
467:, founded at Constantinople in the fifth century. It acquired its fame in the time of the iconoclastic persecution while it was under the government of the saintly
283:
Under the name of
Basilians are included all the religious that follow the Rule of St. Basil. The "Rule" is not intended to be a constitution like various Western
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634:, the Apostles of the Slavs were noted missionaries. In 1980, Pope John Paul II declared them co-patron saints of Europe, together with Benedict of Nursia.
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and the neighboring provinces there were no hermits but only cenobites. This Rule was followed by some
Western monasteries, and was a major source for the
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The monks, as a rule, followed the theological vicissitudes of the emperors and patriarchs, and they showed no notable independence except during the
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729:: a Ukrainian/Belarusian monastic religious order of the Greek Catholic Churches founded in 1631, and which has its Mother House in Rome at
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towns. Gregory of Nazianzus, who shared the retreat, aided Basil by his advice and experience. All this was a new departure in monachism.
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is a 6th-century illuminated manuscript Gospel Book written following the reconquest of the Italian peninsula by the Byzantine Empire.
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were the first to accept the Rule of St. Basil; it afterwards spread gradually to most of the monasteries of the East. Those of
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and to run to great extravagances in the matter of bodily austerities. When Basil formed his monastery in the neighborhood of
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proclaimed Mount Athos a place of monks, and no laymen or farmers or cattle-breeders are allowed to be settled there. The
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604:, and poets who had a large share in the development of the Greek Liturgy. Among the authors of hymns may be mentioned:
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581:, who wrote a "Selected Chronographia"; his friend and disciple Theophanes (d. 817), Abbot of the "Great Field" near
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475:(abbot) Theodore, called the Studite. In 781, Platon, a monk in the Symbola Monastery in Bithynia, and the uncle of
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in order to see for himself the manner of life led by the monks in these countries. In the latter country and in
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551:(d. 543), author of an influential series of theological writings on sixth-century Christological controversies.
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739:: ancient order absorbed into the Order of Saint Basil the Great in the 17th century, and reintroduced in 1919.
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Sakkoudion. The other monasteries, one after another adopted them, and they are still followed by the monks of
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The Rule of Basil is divided into two parts: the "Greater Monastic Rules" and the "Lesser Rules". In 397,
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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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306:. Probably the truest idea of his monastic system may be derived from a correspondence between him and
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The Spanish Basilians were suppressed with the other orders in 1835 and have not been re-established.
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countries in general preferred instead those observances which were known among them as the Rule of
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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567:(d. 662), the most brilliant representative of Byzantine monasticism in the seventh century.
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242:(330–379). The term 'Basilian' is typically used only in the Catholic Church to distinguish
483:. Platon served as abbot, with Theodore as his assistant. In 794, Theodore was ordained by
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The monastic rules and institutes of Basil are important because their reconstruction of
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conquest, a large number of monasteries were destroyed, especially those monasteries in
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founded in 1697. The headquarters of the order are located in Sarba, Jounieh, Lebanon.
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and that of Rossano in Sicily; the tradition was continued later by the monastery of
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who translated them into Latin united the two into a single Rule under the name of
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The Byzantine monasteries furnish a long line of historians who were also monks:
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Din, Mursi Saad El et al.. Sinai: The Site & The History: Essays. New York:
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developed, in a way, into a privilege of the religious who had taken the vow of
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founded in 1696. The motherhouse is the Church of Saint John the Baptist in
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893:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 469.
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monks from other forms of monastic life in the Catholic Church. In the
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The Rule of St. Basil in Latin and English: A Revised Critical Edition
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Of all the monasteries of this period the most celebrated was that of
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287:; rather, it is a collection of his responses to questions about the
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Exarchic Greek Abbey of St. Mary of Grottaferrata - Basilian Monks
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Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 7 November 2017
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Fortescue, Adrian. "Nilus the Younger." The Catholic Encyclopedia
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 10 January 2020
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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In 1004, Nilus founded the Basilian Monastery of Santa Maria, in
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Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 10 January 2020
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Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 9 January 2020
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founded in 1683. The motherhouse is Monastery Saint Savior in
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265:, who fulfilled much the same function in the West, took his
991:(Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, 2006), pp. 478, 487.
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Besse, Jean. "Rule of St. Basil." The Catholic Encyclopedia
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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Phillimore, John. "St. Romanos." The Catholic Encyclopedia
385:. Basil's influence ensured the propagation of Basilian
585:, the author of another "Chronographia"; the Patriarch
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Regulae sancti Basilii episcopi Cappadociae ad monachos
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Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Rule of St. Basil".
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remains the basis for most Eastern Orthodox and some
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757:Basilian Chouerite Order of Saint John the Baptist
329:. Before forming this community St. Basil visited
349:the monastic life tended to become more and more
947:"Leontius Byzantinus." The Catholic Encyclopedia
673:remained in communion with the Western Church.
665:most Basilian monasteries became a part of the
710:gave a certain prestige to these communities.
657:St. Nilus and St. Bartholomew of Grottaferrata
596:There were, besides, a large number of monks,
271:from the writings of Basil and other earlier
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970:The Oxford Handbook of Maximus the Confessor
291:life—hence the more accurate original name:
679:was a monk and a propagator of the rule of
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1002:The Patriarch Nicephorus of Constantinople
321:he founded about 356 on the banks of the
204:Learn how and when to remove this message
186:Learn how and when to remove this message
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
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479:, converted the family estate into the
310:at the beginning of his monastic life.
220:Mosaic of St. Basil the Great from the
968:Allen, Pauline; Neil, Bronwen (2015).
645:and the region around Constantinople.
593:, whose Chronicle stops at A. D. 842.
1092:Eastern Catholic orders and societies
507:Monks from Athos participated at the
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1073:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
509:Seventh Ecumenical Council of Nicaea
702:; it was completed by his disciple
813:Order of Saint Benedict (Orthodox)
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30:For specific Basilian orders, see
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972:. Oxford University Press. p. 20.
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487:and became abbot. Around 797
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791:Basilian Aleppian Sisters
32:Basilian (disambiguation)
890:Encyclopædia Britannica
771:Basilian Aleppian Order
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667:Eastern Orthodox Church
618:Joseph the Hymnographer
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151:possibly contains
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661:After the
587:Nikephoros
471:hegoumenos
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395:Cappadocia
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389:; and
359:Pontus
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