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to turn into a coin with which he would pay for the stolen goods (Satan could take on any shape he wanted); later, when the coin (Satan) disappeared, the
Christian villagers would fight over who had stolen it. The Devil agreed to this plan. He turned himself into a silver coin and jumped into Jack's wallet, only to find himself next to a cross Jack had also picked up in the village. Jack closed the wallet tight, and the cross stripped the Devil of his powers; and so he was trapped.
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Jack now had nowhere to go. He asked how he would see where to go, as he had no light, and Satan mockingly tossed him a burning coal, to light his way. Jack carved out one of his turnips (which were his favorite food), put the coal inside it, and began endlessly wandering the Earth for a resting place. He became known as "Jack of the
Lantern", or jack o'lantern.
49:
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Another version of the story says that Jack was getting chased by some villagers from whom he had stolen. He then met Satan, who claimed it was time for him to die. However, the thief stalled his death by tempting Satan with a chance to bedevil the church-going villagers chasing him. Jack told Satan
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In both folktales, Jack lets Satan go only after he agrees to never take his soul. Many years later, the thief died, as all living things do. Of course, Jack's life had been too sinful for him to go to Heaven; however, Satan had promised not to take his soul, and so he was barred from Hell as well.
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To make a jack-o'-lantern, the top of a pumpkin is cut off to form a lid, the inside flesh is scooped out, and an imageâusually a "scary" or "funny" faceâis carved out of the rind exposing the hollow interior. A light source, traditionally a candle flame or tealight, is placed within before the lid
380:
The old time custom of keeping up
Hallowe'en was not forgotten last night by the youngsters of the city. They had their maskings and their merry-makings, and perambulated the streets after dark in a way which was no doubt amusing to themselves. There was a great sacrifice of pumpkins from which to
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with a jack-o'-lantern in place of his severed head. In the original story, a shattered pumpkin is discovered next to
Ichabod Crane's abandoned hat on the morning after Crane's supposed encounter with the Horseman, but the story does not reference jack-o'-lanterns or Halloween.
589:
teamed up with Camp
Sunshine, a camp for children with life-threatening illnesses and their families, to break the record. A record was set on October 21, 2006, when 30,128 jack-o'-lanterns were simultaneously lit on
323:
outlines other derivations of the name, "Hobany's", which is most likely derived from "Hob and his", with other variations including "Hob-o'-Lantern", "Hobbedy's
Lantern" and "Hobbady-lantern".
125:
influenced immigrants brought their root vegetable carving traditions with them. It is common to see jack-o'-lanterns used as external and interior decorations prior to and on
Halloween.
217:
has been a common practice in many parts of the world. It is believed that the custom of making jack-o'-lanterns at
Halloween time began in Ireland and Britain. In the 19th century, "
817:
They continue to be popular choices today as carved lanterns in
Northern England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland; the British purchased a million pumpkins for Halloween in 2004."
1550:
549:. They thought this because it was said that the jack-o-lantern's light was a way of identifying vampires who, once their identity was known, would give up their hunt for you.
565:
Sections of the pumpkin or turnip are cut out to make holes, often depicting a face, which may be either cheerful, scary, or comical. Jack-o'-lanterns are typically made from
305:
holding a carved gourd competition and presenting a prize to "the best crown of Jack McLantern". The term "McLantern" also appears in an 1841 publication of the same paper.
346:
In the United States and Canada, the carved pumpkin was first associated with the harvest season in general before it became a symbol of
Halloween. In 1895, an article on
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about on long poles; but in place of this, American boys delight in the funny grinning jack-o'-lanterns made of huge yellow pumpkins with a candle inside.
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published a long story on the legend of "Jack-o'-the-Lantern", although this does not mention the lantern being carved from a vegetable. In 1837, the
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for most lit jack-o'-lanterns on display (30,581). The town has now broken the record eight times since the original attempt.
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An 1885 article "Halloween Sports and Customs" contrasts the American jack-o'-lantern custom with the British bonfire custom:
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to keep harmful spirits out of one's home. It has also been suggested that the jack-o'-lanterns originally represented
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225:, hollowed out to act as lanterns and often carved with grotesque faces," were used on Halloween in parts of Ireland,
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268:. For example, sometimes they were used by Halloween participants to frighten people, and sometimes they were set on
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gives 1837 as the earliest date for when the term was used to refer to a lantern carved from a turnip or pumpkin.
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being the one which occurred on the night of 31 October. Jack-o'-lanterns were also made at Halloween time in
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By those who made them, the lanterns were said to represent either spirits or supernatural beings, or were
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The carved pumpkin lantern's association with Halloween is recorded in the 1 November 1866 edition of the
197:
602:, tried to set the record on October 31, 2011, with an unofficial count of 30,919 but did not follow the
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When wood-grapes were purpling and brown nuts were falling! When wild, ugly faces we carved in its skin,
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entertaining recommended giving a lit jack-o'-lantern as a child's prize in Thanksgiving games. The poet
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who "dances, and jumps, and gambols." He is humorously illustrated as a personification of a lantern.
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Newell, William Wells (1 January 1904). "The Ignis Fatuus, Its Character and Legendary Origin".
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There is also evidence that turnips were used to carve what was called a "Hoberdy's Lantern" in
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American Thanksgiving Day postcard sent in 1909 with images of a jack-o'-lantern and a turkey
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Jack-o'-lanterns carved from pumpkins are a yearly Halloween tradition that developed in the
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make transparent heads and face, lighted up by the unfailing two inches of tallow candle.
249:) walked the earth. In Wales such nights were known as Ysbrydnosau (spirit nights), with
180:, and from 1663 to 1704 in reference to a man with a lantern or to a night watchman. The
523:, the Cornish version of Will-o'-the-wisp. The people of Polperro regarded them both as
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404:(Bone-fire to clear before Winter froze the ground) on Hallowe'en, and carry blazing
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The story of the jack-o'-lantern comes in many forms and is similar to the story of
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The Compleat Squash: A Passionate Grower's Guide to Pumpkins, Squash, and Gourds
899:"Bettina Arnold â Halloween Lecture: Halloween Customs in the Celtic World"
482:
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is closed. Artificial jack-o'-lanterns with electric lights are also marketed.
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and is doomed to roam the Earth with only a hollowed turnip to light his way.
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holiday. Its name comes from the phenomenon of strange lights flickering over
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89:
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1079:"The Day We Celebrate: Thanksgiving Treated Gastronomically and Socially"
516:
512:
401:
254:
93:
81:
16:
Carved turnip or other root vegetable lantern, associated with Halloween
1590:
The History of The Jack-O-Lantern (& How It All Began With a Turnip)
1233:
The British, Roman, and Saxon antiquities and folklore of Worcestershire
48:
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1287:"Brewer, e. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Jack o' the Bowl"
546:
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69:
65:
38:
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106:). It is suggested that the name also has ties to the Irish legend of
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2016:
1971:
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Sage, Agnes Carr (October 27, 1885). "Halloween Sports and Customs".
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On October 19, 2013, Keene broke the Boston record and reclaimed the
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Jack-o-lanterns were also a way of protecting one's home against the
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19:"Halloween pumpkin" redirects here. For the pumpkin cultivar, see
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The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain
462:
3572:
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1603:
1217:
All Around the Year: Holidays and Celebrations in American Life
176:) records use of the term in Britain from 1658 in reference to
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3142:
2999:
1532:. Highland Park News. Archived from the original on 2013-02-24
302:
196:
A plaster cast of a traditional Irish Jack-o'-Lantern in the
2089:
1599:
939:
Rooted in America: Foodlore of Popular Fruits and Vegetables
585:
for most jack-o'-lanterns carved and lit in one place. The
545:. Superstitious people used them specifically to ward off
511:(d. 1884) recorded the use of the term in a rhyme used in
489:. One story says that Jack tricked Satan into climbing an
485:, a lazy yet shrewd blacksmith who uses a cross to trap
1202:
Death Makes a Holiday: A Cultural History of Halloween
1510:
Levenson, Michael; McCabe, Kathy (October 22, 2006).
1411:
Poe, R.H.; Hart, R.M.; Foster, K.; Noyes, L. (1990).
241:
and was seen as a time when supernatural beings (the
237:
speaking regions, Halloween was also the festival of
52:
A picture carved onto a jack-o'-lantern for Halloween
358:
Oh!âfruit loved of boyhood!âthe old days recalling,
37:
A traditional American jack-o'-lantern, made from a
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1984:
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936:
744:"Jack-o'-lantern, n. meanings, etymology and more"
364:Glaring out through the dark with a candle within!
331:The application of the term to carved pumpkins in
1312:. Archived from the original on November 14, 2006
168:, its earliest known use dates to the 1660s. The
1549:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1157:. Ward, Lock, and Company. 1879. pp. 17â20.
853:
851:
849:
769:The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink
606:regulations, so the achievement did not count.
400:It is an ancient British custom to light great
398:
378:
772:. Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 269.
2615:
2105:
1615:
8:
1585:How Jack OâLanterns Originated in Irish Myth
1441:The Perfect Pumpkin: Growing/Cooking/Carving
1219:. University of Illinois Press. p. 157.
865:. Oxford University Press. pp. 382â383.
828:"Turnip battles with pumpkin for Hallowe'en"
962:Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night
913:: Center for Celtic Studies. Archived from
874:
872:
561:Jack-o'-lanterns in the process of creation
242:
149:was originally used to describe the visual
88:. Jack-o'-lanterns are associated with the
4565:
4047:
3569:
2772:
2622:
2608:
2600:
2450:
2302:
2112:
2098:
2090:
1882:
1622:
1608:
1600:
892:
890:
1371:Simpson, Jacqueline; Roud, Steve (2000).
943:. University of Tennessee Press. p.
121:when Irish, Cornish, Scottish and other
1414:You Can Carve Fantastic Jack-O-Lanterns
1073:
1071:
648:
1595:Whatâs the Origin of Jack-Oâ-Lanterns?
1542:
1530:"Highwood sets pumpkin-carving record"
1444:. Storey Publishing, LLC. p. 15.
1322:
1187:Trick or Treat: A History of Halloween
1141:. Kingston, Ontario. November 1, 1866.
883:. David & Charles. pp. 87â88.
316:, at the end of the 18th century. The
204:. Rutabaga or turnip were often used.
4621:Objects believed to protect from evil
4570:List of beings referred to as fairies
1565:"Most Lit Jack-o'-lanterns Displayed"
706:T. Nelson & Company. p. 174.
534:Who tickled the maid and made her mad
7:
1015:"The Friar's Lantern and Friar Rush"
966:. Oxford University Press. p.
481:from the mid-18th century tells of
703:Dictionary of Idiomatic Phrases...
657:"The History of 'Jack-O'-Lantern'"
536:Light me home, the weather's bad.
532:Jack o' the lantern! Joan the wad,
156:(lit., "foolish fire") known as a
14:
2487:List of squash and pumpkin dishes
1114:Whittier, John Greenleaf (1885).
911:University of WisconsinâMilwaukee
437:retold in different forms across
141:An assortment of carved pumpkins.
4564:
4555:
4554:
2585:
2584:
2289:
2074:
2073:
1438:Damerow, Gail (2 January 2012).
1373:A Dictionary of English Folklore
1348:"History of the Jack O' Lantern"
1085:. November 24, 1895. p. 27.
992:"History of Jack-o'-the-Lantern"
677:"History of the Jack O' Lantern"
28:Jack-o'-lantern (disambiguation)
1512:"A Love in Common for Pumpkins"
1306:"History of the Jack-O-Lantern"
1103:. October 21, 1900. p. 12.
935:Wilson, David Scofield (1999).
461:, children will leave bowls of
110:, a drunkard who bargains with
4591:Fruit and vegetable characters
1471:. Artisan Books. p. 108.
1236:. London: J.R. Smith. p.
1189:. Reaktion Books. p. 160.
897:Arnold, Bettina (2001-10-31).
1:
1465:Goldman, Amy (January 2004).
1388:"The Tale o' Jack-o'-Lantern"
1253:Journal of American Folk-Lore
280:, as Halloween is the eve of
266:used to ward off evil spirits
4616:Culture of the United States
68:, most commonly made from a
4626:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
3574:Fairy-like beings worldwide
2132:List of gourds and squashes
1493:"Home | Camp Sunshine"
1386:James, David (2016-10-31).
723:Online Etymology Dictionary
418:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
261:) during the 19th century.
4642:
4601:Food and drink decorations
2641:Classifications of fairies
1756:Lighting candles on graves
1375:. Oxford University Press.
567:Connecticut field pumpkins
25:
18:
4545:
3568:
2771:
2638:
2582:
2392:Connecticut field pumpkin
2287:
2129:
2070:
1749:Connecticut field pumpkin
1417:. Storey Communications.
1329:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1204:. Bloomsbury. p. 35.
1097:"Odd Ornaments for Table"
1062:Oxford English Dictionary
1013:Kittredge, G. L. (1900).
958:Rogers, Nicholas (2003).
881:Oral folk-tales of Wessex
879:Palmer, Kingsley (1973).
748:Oxford English Dictionary
291:On January 16, 1836, the
170:Oxford English Dictionary
21:Connecticut field pumpkin
420:" (1820) often show the
3010:Dökkålfar and Ljósålfar
352:John Greenleaf Whittier
335:is first seen in 1837.
41:, lit from within by a
4482:Christmas gift-bringer
2900:Brown Man of the Muirs
1948:Veneration of the Dead
1569:Guinness World Records
1304:Mark Hoerrner (2006).
1230:Allies, Jabez (1856).
1215:Santino, Jack (1995).
1200:Skal, Richard (2002).
562:
539:
519:, in conjunction with
410:
383:
366:
343:
243:
205:
198:Museum of Country Life
142:
53:
45:
4606:Squashes and pumpkins
3354:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling
2865:Blue men of the Minch
2741:Abodes and structures
1681:Christian observances
1185:Morton, Lisa (2012).
1171:Harper's Young People
719:"Jack o'lantern (n.)"
700:Dixon, J. M. (1891).
596:Boston, Massachusetts
560:
529:
356:
341:
215:carving of vegetables
195:
164:. Used especially in
140:
51:
36:
3760:Hopkinsville Goblins
1937:Parade of Lost Souls
1888:Festival of the Dead
1497:www.campsunshine.org
1154:Funny Nursery Rhymes
996:Dublin Penny Journal
587:Life is Good Company
579:Keene, New Hampshire
509:Thomas Quiller Couch
387:Funny Nursery Rhymes
294:Dublin Penny Journal
26:For other uses, see
4596:Halloween practices
3481:Sprite/Water sprite
2655:Celtic sacred trees
2591:Category: Cucurbita
2340:Straightneck squash
2080:Category: Halloween
1865:Treehouse of Horror
1761:Prayer for the dead
1060:"Jack-o'-lantern".
801:"Pumpkins Passions"
4611:Culture of Ireland
2810:Aos SĂ (Aes SĂdhe)
1792:Haunted attraction
1137:"Carved pumpkin".
1101:The New York Times
1083:The New York Times
1002:: 229, 1835. 1835.
834:. October 28, 2005
807:. October 31, 2005
600:Highwood, Illinois
563:
527:. The rhyme goes:
344:
301:refers to a local
299:Limerick Chronicle
231:Scottish Highlands
206:
143:
54:
46:
4578:
4577:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4209:Headless Horseman
3750:Fearsome critters
3564:
3563:
2597:
2596:
2578:
2577:
2461:Buffalo gourd oil
2440:
2439:
2245:C. okeechobeensis
2087:
2086:
1980:
1979:
1957:Death anniversary
1922:Qingming Festival
1697:Trick-or-treating
1424:978-0-88266-580-1
977:978-0-19-514691-2
717:Harper, Douglas.
638:The Great Pumpkin
577:For a long time,
469:out for mythical
422:Headless Horseman
414:Washington Irving
374:Kingston, Ontario
103:will-o'-the-wisps
4633:
4568:
4567:
4558:
4557:
4551:
4254:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
4224:Jimmy Squarefoot
4048:
3775:Little green men
3570:
3536:Will-o'-the-wisp
3304:Margot the fairy
3253:Lady of the Lake
3203:Jenny Greenteeth
3198:Jack o' the bowl
3030:Queen of Elphame
2777:Attested fairies
2773:
2648:Related articles
2624:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2588:
2587:
2565:Pumpkin chucking
2466:Pumpkin seed oil
2451:
2427:Spaghetti squash
2382:Butternut squash
2320:Crookneck squash
2303:
2293:
2280:C. scabridifolia
2114:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2077:
2076:
1949:
1889:
1883:
1804:Pumpkin festival
1642:
1633:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1516:The Boston Globe
1507:
1501:
1500:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1392:5-Minute History
1383:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1289:. Archived from
1283:
1277:
1276:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1122:. Archived from
1111:
1105:
1104:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1010:
1004:
1003:
988:
982:
981:
965:
955:
949:
948:
942:
932:
926:
925:
923:
922:
894:
885:
884:
876:
867:
866:
855:
844:
843:
841:
839:
824:
818:
816:
814:
812:
797:
791:
790:
788:
786:
764:
758:
757:
755:
754:
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
714:
708:
707:
697:
691:
690:
688:
687:
673:
667:
666:
664:
663:
653:
628:Apotropaic magic
475:Jack o' the bowl
435:Will-o'-the-wisp
416:'s short story "
391:will-o'-the-wisp
333:American English
327:In North America
248:
162:English folklore
158:will-o'-the-wisp
100:(also known as,
98:jack-o'-lanterns
72:, or formerly a
4641:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4581:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4549:
4533:
4470:
4403:
4345:Enchanted Moura
4258:
4162:
4039:
4035:Yara-ma-yha-who
3973:
3824:
3698:
3622:
3575:
3560:
3324:Mooinjer veggey
3287:
3193:Jack-o'-lantern
3158:HeinzelmÀnnchen
3041:
2778:
2767:
2736:
2712:Household deity
2670:Fairy godmother
2643:
2634:
2628:
2598:
2593:
2574:
2560:Jack-o'-lantern
2543:
2475:
2471:Squash blossoms
2446:
2436:
2422:Red kuri squash
2407:Honeynut squash
2402:Delicata squash
2360:Winter squashes
2354:
2335:Pattypan squash
2307:Summer squashes
2294:
2285:
2196:C. foetidissima
2182:C. ecuadorensis
2147:C. argyrosperma
2134:
2125:
2118:
2088:
2083:
2072:
2066:
1997:All Saints' Day
1976:
1947:
1941:
1887:
1878:
1872:
1815:
1775:
1739:Jack-o'-lantern
1685:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1581:
1576:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1396:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1012:
1011:
1007:
990:
989:
985:
978:
957:
956:
952:
934:
933:
929:
920:
918:
896:
895:
888:
878:
877:
870:
857:
856:
847:
837:
835:
826:
825:
821:
810:
808:
799:
798:
794:
784:
782:
780:
766:
765:
761:
752:
750:
742:
741:
737:
727:
725:
716:
715:
711:
699:
698:
694:
685:
683:
675:
674:
670:
661:
659:
655:
654:
650:
646:
619:
575:
555:
538:
535:
533:
507:folklorist Dr.
479:Irish folk tale
431:
412:Adaptations of
329:
282:All Saints' Day
257:, England (see
211:
190:
147:jack-o'-lantern
135:
58:jack-o'-lantern
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4639:
4637:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4583:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4562:
4552:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4478:
4476:
4475:Cross-regional
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4422:
4417:
4415:Dames blanches
4411:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4320:Kallikantzaros
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4295:Doñas de fuera
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3923:Mrenh kongveal
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3603:
3598:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3556:Yan-gant-y-tan
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3349:Nelly Longarms
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3153:The Hedley Kow
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3123:Gwragedd Annwn
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2727:Tutelary deity
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2687:
2682:
2680:Fairy painting
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2595:
2594:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2539:Stuffed squash
2536:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2507:Mashed pumpkin
2504:
2499:
2497:Hitlerszalonna
2494:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2259:C. pedatifolia
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2217:C. lundelliana
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2154:C. californica
2150:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:Mischief Night
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:Eid il-Burbara
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2002:All Souls' Day
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1932:ZhĆng yuĂĄn jiĂ©
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1907:DĂa de Muertos
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1880:
1874:
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1811:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1771:Pangangaluluwa
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1736:
1734:Halloween Tree
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1684:
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1656:
1645:
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1636:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1580:
1579:External links
1577:
1575:
1574:
1556:
1521:
1502:
1484:
1477:
1457:
1450:
1430:
1423:
1403:
1378:
1363:
1336:
1296:
1293:on 2001-02-18.
1278:
1265:10.2307/533988
1243:
1222:
1207:
1192:
1177:
1174:. p. 828.
1160:
1144:
1129:
1126:on 2010-11-28.
1106:
1088:
1067:
1052:
1031:10.2307/456566
1025:(4): 415â441.
1005:
983:
976:
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927:
886:
868:
859:Hutton, Ronald
845:
819:
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735:
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645:
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574:
571:
554:
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530:
439:Western Europe
430:
427:
328:
325:
310:Worcestershire
288:(2 November).
286:All Souls' Day
223:mangel wurzels
210:
207:
189:
186:
134:
131:
74:root vegetable
64:) is a carved
62:jack o'lantern
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4638:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
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4614:
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4609:
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4502:
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4492:Companions of
4490:
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4467:
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4448:
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4440:
4436:
4435:King Goldemar
4433:
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4423:
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4413:
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4410:
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4244:Pictish Beast
4242:
4240:
4239:Morgan Le Fay
4237:
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3820:Yunwi Tsunsdi
3818:
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3811:
3808:
3806:
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3735:Christmas elf
3733:
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3601:Little people
3599:
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3551:Yallery Brown
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3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:Lazy Laurence
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:Klabautermann
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
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3201:
3199:
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3189:
3188:Iannic-ann-ĂŽd
3186:
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3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
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3169:
3166:
3164:
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2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:Nature spirit
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
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2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
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2650:
2646:
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2637:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2592:
2581:
2571:
2570:Pumpkin queen
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Giant pumpkin
2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Kabak tatlısı
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:Raw materials
2452:
2449:
2443:
2433:
2432:Turban squash
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Cushaw squash
2395:
2393:
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2380:
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2375:
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2256:
2254:
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2249:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2224:C. martinezii
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2168:C. cylindrata
2165:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2081:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:Old Halloween
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Devil's Night
2010:
2008:
2007:Beggars Night
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Death customs
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1944:
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1928:
1925:
1923:
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1859:Great Pumpkin
1857:
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1809:Pumpkin Queen
1807:
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1710:
1708:
1707:Apple bobbing
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
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1692:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
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1659:Allhallowtide
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
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1525:
1522:
1518:. p. B6.
1517:
1513:
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1498:
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1488:
1485:
1480:
1478:9781579652517
1474:
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1451:9781603427418
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1300:
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1259:(64): 39â60.
1258:
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1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:"The Pumpkin"
1110:
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1080:
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984:
979:
973:
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964:
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954:
951:
946:
941:
940:
931:
928:
917:on 2011-06-24
916:
912:
908:
906:
900:
893:
891:
887:
882:
875:
873:
869:
864:
860:
854:
852:
850:
846:
838:September 23,
833:
829:
823:
820:
806:
802:
796:
793:
781:
779:9780195307962
775:
771:
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739:
736:
724:
720:
713:
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705:
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634:
631:
629:
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621:
620:
616:
614:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
592:Boston Common
588:
584:
580:
573:World records
572:
570:
568:
559:
553:Pumpkin craft
552:
550:
548:
544:
537:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:house spirits
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:, including,
440:
436:
428:
426:
423:
419:
415:
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388:
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326:
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296:
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289:
287:
284:(1 November)/
283:
279:
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267:
262:
260:
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246:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
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179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
148:
139:
132:
130:
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120:
119:United States
115:
113:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
50:
44:
40:
35:
29:
22:
4466:WeiĂe Frauen
4462:Witte Wieven
4234:MenninkÀinen
4015:Patupaiarehe
3943:Hungry ghost
3928:Orang bunian
3846:Fallen angel
3790:Nordic alien
3526:Wicked fairy
3466:Sleih beggey
3273:Lubber fiend
3263:Leanan sĂdhe
3208:Joan the Wad
3192:
3173:Hobbididance
3133:Gwyn ap Nudd
2855:Bloody Bones
2825:Baobhan sith
2815:Arkan Sonney
2732:Water spirit
2717:Hungry grass
2685:Fairy riding
2559:
2527:Pumpkin soup
2372:Acorn squash
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2210:C. gracilior
2208:
2203:C. galeottii
2201:
2194:
2189:C. ficifolia
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2120:
2057:Punkie Night
1985:Other events
1927:Totensonntag
1917:Pitru Paksha
1897:Bon Festival
1863:
1738:
1568:
1559:
1534:. Retrieved
1524:
1515:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1467:
1460:
1440:
1433:
1413:
1406:
1395:. Retrieved
1391:
1381:
1372:
1366:
1355:. Retrieved
1351:
1314:. Retrieved
1309:
1299:
1291:the original
1281:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1232:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1201:
1195:
1186:
1180:
1169:
1163:
1153:
1147:
1138:
1132:
1124:the original
1119:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1061:
1055:
1022:
1018:
1008:
999:
995:
986:
961:
953:
938:
930:
919:. Retrieved
915:the original
902:
880:
862:
836:. Retrieved
831:
822:
809:. Retrieved
804:
795:
785:February 17,
783:. Retrieved
768:
762:
751:. Retrieved
747:
738:
726:. Retrieved
722:
712:
702:
695:
684:. Retrieved
680:
671:
660:. Retrieved
651:
611:world record
608:
594:in downtown
583:world record
576:
564:
540:
531:
521:Joan the Wad
503:
499:
495:
432:
411:
399:
395:
386:
384:
379:
369:
367:
363:
360:
357:
348:Thanksgiving
345:
330:
321:Jabez Allies
307:
298:
292:
290:
263:
259:Punkie Night
212:
181:
178:ignis fatuus
177:
173:
169:
166:East England
154:ignis fatuus
153:
146:
144:
127:
116:
101:
97:
78:mangelwurzel
61:
57:
55:
4487:Santa Claus
4315:Hippocampus
4005:Muldjewangk
3871:Inari Ćkami
3521:Water horse
3506:Tylwyth Teg
3496:Tooth fairy
3389:Pillywiggin
3339:Moss people
3309:Meg Mullach
3213:Joint-eater
3098:Ghillie Dhu
3058:Fairy Queen
2845:Billy Blind
2800:Alp Luachra
2707:Genius loci
2633:in folklore
2532:Soup joumou
2522:Squash soup
2517:Pumpkin pie
2345:Tromboncino
2273:C. radicans
2238:C. moschata
2175:C. digitata
1744:Stingy Jack
1729:Ghost tours
1641:Main topics
907:Celebration
811:October 19,
581:, held the
483:Stingy Jack
459:Switzerland
270:windowsills
251:Calan Gaeaf
108:Stingy Jack
4585:Categories
4519:Salamander
4219:Jack Frost
3856:Há» ly tinh
3851:Fox spirit
3755:Grey alien
3715:Anchimayen
3516:Water bull
3461:Shellycoat
3384:Peg Powler
3369:Nuckelavee
3344:Nain Rouge
3268:Leprechaun
3163:Hinzelmann
3068:Fear gorta
3063:Fear dearg
3035:SvartĂĄlfar
2995:Each-uisge
2960:Colt pixie
2950:Clurichaun
2940:Ceffyl DƔr
2840:Bean nighe
2763:Fairy ring
2758:Fairy path
2748:Fairy fort
2690:Fairy tale
2675:Fairy-lock
2660:Changeling
2548:Activities
2325:Gem squash
2252:C. palmata
2161:C. cordata
2027:Hop-tu-Naa
1854:Television
1797:Hell house
1690:Traditions
1671:Activities
1536:2012-10-30
1397:2018-12-11
1357:2018-10-20
1316:2007-05-09
1310:buzzle.com
1139:Daily News
921:2007-10-16
903:Halloween
753:2023-08-14
686:2018-10-25
662:2018-10-25
644:References
623:Apple doll
491:apple tree
385:In 1879's
370:Daily News
318:folklorist
151:phenomenon
76:such as a
4499:Elemental
4189:Black dog
3908:Korpokkur
3861:Huli jing
3805:Pukwudgie
3785:Nimerigar
3745:Encantado
3689:Tikoloshe
3669:Mami Wata
3649:Bultungin
3639:Asanbosam
3580:Worldwide
3541:Wirry-cow
3399:PĂșca/Pwca
3334:Morvarc'h
3223:Kilmoulis
3178:Hobgoblin
3118:Grindylow
3093:Gancanagh
3073:Fenodyree
3025:HuldufĂłlk
2965:Cyhyraeth
2920:Bugul Noz
2753:Fairyland
2492:Bundevara
2299:Cultivars
2231:C. maxima
2122:Cucurbita
1992:Allantide
1912:Gai Jatra
1766:Soul cake
1676:Geography
1632:Halloween
1545:cite news
1120:Poets.org
1039:0030-8129
905:Inaugural
477:. An old
278:purgatory
276:souls in
274:Christian
145:The term
133:Etymology
96:, called
94:peat bogs
90:Halloween
4560:Category
4550:See also
4529:Wild man
4430:Alberich
4300:Farfadet
4290:Dionysus
4280:Cercopes
4270:Basajaun
4263:Southern
4174:Aitvaras
4167:Northern
4153:Vodyanoy
4148:VĂąntoase
4138:Vadleany
4133:Ursitory
4128:SpiriduÈ
4123:SĂąnzianÄ
4083:Kikimora
4078:KarzeĆek
4030:Wandjina
3995:Menehune
3959:Yakshini
3913:Mazzikin
3903:Kijimuna
3841:Dokkaebi
3795:Nûñnë'hï
3740:Curupira
3730:Chaneque
3725:Canotila
3703:Americas
3596:Succubus
3587:Bogeyman
3476:Spriggan
3456:Seonaidh
3314:Melusine
3248:Korrigan
3138:Habetrot
3128:Gwyllion
3108:Glashtyn
3103:Glaistig
3083:Finvarra
2985:Dullahan
2955:Coblynau
2945:ClĂodhna
2930:Cat sĂŹth
2925:Caoineag
2835:Barghest
2702:Familiar
2387:Calabaza
2364:pumpkins
2350:Zucchini
2330:Kamokamo
2062:Saci Day
2047:Namahage
2037:Korochun
1702:Costumes
1325:cite web
861:(1996).
617:See also
604:Guinness
547:vampires
517:Cornwall
513:Polperro
429:Folklore
402:bonfires
255:Somerset
229:and the
82:rutabaga
4524:Sandman
4452:Perchta
4447:Lorelei
4408:Western
4389:Thiasus
4374:Silenus
4325:Kobalos
4275:Centaur
4204:Haltija
4199:Gremlin
4118:Rusalka
4113:Psotnik
4108:Polevik
4103:Ovinnik
4068:Domovoy
4063:CÄpcÄun
4051:Eastern
4020:Taniwha
3978:Oceania
3876:Kitsune
3800:Pombero
3765:Ishigaq
3720:Caipora
3694:Yumboes
3674:Obayifo
3611:Mermaid
3606:Merfolk
3592:Incubus
3434:SkogsrÄ
3424:Radande
3414:BergsrÄ
3233:Knucker
3228:Knocker
3183:Hödekin
3148:Haltija
3113:Groac'h
3078:Finfolk
3020:Erlking
3015:Elegast
2980:Duergar
2935:CĂč SĂŹth
2915:Bugbear
2910:Buggane
2895:Brownie
2885:Boobrie
2875:Boggart
2860:Bluecap
2830:Banshee
2665:Elfshot
2631:Fairies
2445:Related
2412:Kabocha
2377:Big Max
2315:Aehobak
2266:C. pepo
2139:Species
1967:Kaddish
1902:Chuseok
1877:Related
1787:Bonfire
1666:Symbols
1654:Samhain
1649:History
1352:HISTORY
681:HISTORY
505:Cornish
473:called
314:England
239:Samhain
219:turnips
202:Ireland
188:History
70:pumpkin
66:lantern
39:pumpkin
4509:Goblin
4457:Vittra
4420:Dusios
4394:Trenti
4384:Squasc
4330:Lamina
4310:Hecate
4194:Gabija
4179:Ajatar
4093:Lidérc
4058:Bannik
4044:Europe
3990:Manaia
3985:Bunyip
3955:Yaksha
3950:Tennin
3918:Mogwai
3881:Kumiho
3866:Huxian
3836:Diwata
3815:Trauco
3634:Abatwa
3627:Africa
3616:Merman
3511:Undine
3471:Sluagh
3451:Selkie
3446:Sebile
3441:Redcap
3419:Hulder
3379:Oberon
3374:Nuggle
3329:Morgen
3319:Merrow
3283:Ly Erg
3238:Kobold
3218:Kelpie
3053:Fachan
2990:Dunnie
2975:Duende
2870:Bodach
2805:Anjana
2795:Aibell
2790:Adhene
2589:
2512:Pepita
2480:Dishes
2447:topics
2417:Marrow
2078:
2017:Dziady
1972:Yizkor
1879:events
1842:albums
1780:Events
1475:
1448:
1421:
1273:533988
1271:
1047:456566
1045:
1037:
974:
776:
543:undead
525:pixies
455:Sweden
447:Norway
406:fagots
245:Aos SĂ
235:Gaelic
209:Origin
123:Celtic
86:turnip
43:candle
4514:Gnome
4504:Fates
4425:Dwarf
4379:Siren
4369:Satyr
4352:Nymph
4340:Mouro
4335:Mairu
4285:Circe
4249:Troll
4229:Lauma
4214:Hiisi
4143:VĂąlvÄ
4098:Likho
4088:Leshy
4025:Tipua
4010:Nawao
4000:Mimis
3969:YĆsei
3964:YĆkai
3938:Preta
3893:Irshi
3888:Hyang
3770:Jogah
3684:Simbi
3679:Rompo
3664:Kishi
3659:Jengu
3654:Eloko
3644:Aziza
3531:Wight
3491:Tomte
3486:Sylph
3429:SjörÄ
3394:Pixie
3364:Nixie
3359:Nisse
3278:Lutin
3088:Fuath
2970:Drude
2905:Bucca
2880:Bogle
2850:BirĂłg
2820:Asrai
2032:Kekri
1847:songs
1837:Music
1832:Films
1827:Books
1820:Media
1712:Cards
1269:JSTOR
1043:JSTOR
728:9 May
487:Satan
467:cream
457:. In
451:Spain
443:Italy
233:. In
227:Wales
112:Satan
4399:Vila
4357:List
4305:Faun
4184:Badb
4158:ZĂąnÄ
4073:Iele
3933:Peri
3898:Jinn
3829:Asia
3810:Saci
3780:Muki
3710:Alux
3546:Xana
3501:Trow
3404:Puck
3299:Mare
2890:Brag
2695:List
2362:and
1722:cake
1717:Food
1551:link
1473:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1331:link
1035:ISSN
1019:PMLA
972:ISBN
840:2007
813:2006
787:2011
774:ISBN
730:2013
633:Cuco
463:milk
453:and
213:The
60:(or
4442:Imp
4364:Pan
3292:MâZ
3168:Hob
3143:Hag
3046:FâL
3005:Alp
3000:Elf
2783:AâE
1261:doi
1238:430
1027:doi
1000:3â4
945:154
832:BBC
805:BBC
465:or
376:):
303:pub
221:or
182:OED
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