286:. The R5000 implements the multiply-add instruction of the MIPS IV ISA. Single-precision adds, multiplies and multiply-adds have a four-cycle latency and a one cycle throughput. Single-precision divides have a 21-cycle latency and a 19-cycle throughput, while square roots have a 26-cycle latency and a 38-cycle throughput. Division and square-root was not pipelined. Instructions that operate on double precision numbers have a significantly higher latency and lower throughput except for add, which has identical latency and throughput with single-precision add. Multiply and multiply-add have a five-cycle latency and a two-cycle throughput. Divide has a 36-cycle latency and a 34-cycle throughput. Square root has a 68-cycle latency and a 66-cycle throughput.
313:. The two levels of polysilicon enabled IDT to use a four-transistor SRAM cell, resulting in a transistor count of 3.6 million and a die that measured 8.7 mm by 9.7 mm (84.39 mm). NEC and NKK fabricated the R5000 in a process with one level of polysilicon and three levels of aluminium interconnect. Without an extra level of polysilicon, both companies had to use a six-transistor SRAM cell, resulting in a transistor count of 5.0 million and a larger die with an area of around 87 mm. Die sizes in the range of 80 to 90 mm were claimed by MTI. 0.8 million of the transistors in both versions were for logic, and the remainder contained in the caches. It was packaged in a 272-ball plastic
373:, the RM52xx and RM52x1 families were continued as PMC-Sierra products. PMC-Sierra introduced two RM52x1 derivatives, the RM5231A and RM5261A, on 4 April 2001. These microprocessors were fabricated by TSMC in its 0.18 μm process and differ from the previous devices by featuring higher clock rates and lower power consumption. The RM5231A was available at clock rates of 250 to 350 MHz, and the RM5261A from 250 to 400 MHz.
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150, 200, and 250 MHz; whereas the RM5261 and RM5271 were available at 250 and 266 MHz. On 6 July 1999, a 300 MHz RM5271 was introduced, priced at US$ 140 in quantities of 10,000. The RM52x1 improved upon the previous family with larger 32 KB primary caches and a faster SysAD bus that supported clock rates up to 125 MHz.
271:. Instructions were predecoded as they enter the instruction cache by appending four bits to each instruction. These four bits specify whether can be issued together and which execution unit they are executed by. This assisted superscalar instruction issue by moving some of the dependency and conflict checking out of the critical path.
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initially consisted of two models, the RM5230 and RM5260. These were announced on 24 March 1997. The RM5230 was initially available at 100 and 133 MHz, and the RM5260 at 133 and 150 MHz. On 29 September 1997, new 150 and 175 MHz RM5230s were introduced, as were 175 and 200 MHz RM5260s.
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The integer unit executes most instructions with a one cycle latency and throughput except for multiply and divide. 32-bit multiplies have a five-cycle latency and a four-cycle throughput. 64-bit multiplies have an extra four cycles of latency and half the throughput. Divides have a 36-cycle latency
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On 20 July 1998, the RM52x1 family was announced. The family consisted of the RM5231, RM5261, and RM5271. These microprocessors were derivatives of the corresponding devices from the RM52x0 family fabricated in a 0.25 μm process with four levels of metal. The RM5231 was initially available at
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The RM52xx family was later joined by the RM5270, which was announced at the
Embedded Systems Conference on 29 September 1997. Intended for high-end embedded applications, the RM5270 was available at 150 and 200 MHz. Improvements were the addition of an on-chip secondary cache controller that
329:
In the late 1990s, Quantum Effect Design acquired a license to manufacture and sell MIPS microprocessors from MTI and became a microprocessor vendor, changing its name to
Quantum Effect Devices to reflect its new business model. The company's first products were members of the RM52xx family, which
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used a derivative model, the RM5230 and RM5231. The Qube 2700 used the RM5230 microprocessor, whereas the Qube 2 used the RM5231. The original RaQ systems were equipped with RM5230 or RM5231 CPUs but later models used AMD K6-2 chips and then eventually Intel
Pentium III CPUs for the final models.
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Both the RM5230 and RM5260 are derivatives of the R5000 and differ in the size of their primary caches (16 KB each instead of 32 KB), the width of their system interfaces (the RM5230 has a 32-bit 67 MHz SysAD bus, and the RM5260 a 64-bit 75 MHz SysAD bus), and the addition of
141:
The original roadmap called for 200 MHz operation in early 1996, 250 MHz in late 1996, succeeded in 1997 by R5000A. The R5000 was introduced in
January 1996 and failed to achieve 200 MHz, topping out at 180 MHz. When positioned as a low-end workstation microprocessor, the
282:(FPU) was a fast single-precision (32-bit) design, for reduced cost and to benefit SGI, whose mid-range 3D graphics workstations relied mostly on single-precision math for 3D graphics applications. It was fully pipelined, which made it significantly better than that of the
289:
The R5000 had an integrated L2 cache controller that supported capacities of 512 KB, 1 MB and 2 MB. The L2 cache shares the SysAD bus with the external interface. The cache was built with custom synchronous SRAMs (SSRAMs). The microprocessor uses the SysAD
263:, a distinct characteristic of QED, whose designers favored simple designs with large caches. The R5000 had two L1 caches, one for instructions and the other for data. Both have a capacity of 32 KB. The caches are two-way
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compliant unlike FPUs used by R5000. It also has a second MIPS core which acted as a sync controller for specialized vector coprocessors, important for 3D math which at the time was principally computed on the CPU.
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as their flagship high-end embedded microprocessor. IDT marketed its version of the R5000 as the 79RV5000, NEC as VR5000, NKK as the NR5000, and
Toshiba as the TX5000. The R5000 was sold to
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supported up to 2 MB of cache. The SysAD bus is 64 bits wide and can operate at 100 MHz. It was packaged in a 304-pin Super-BGA (SBGA) that was pin-compatible with the
124:
such as network routers and high-end printers. The R5000 found its way into the arcade gaming industry, R5000 powered mainboards were used by Atari and Midway. Initially the
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QED was a fabless company and did not fabricate their own designs. The R5000 was fabricated by IDT, NEC and NKK. All three companies fabricated the R5000 in a 0.35 μm
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with a customized instruction/data cache arrangement and Sony's proprietary 107 vector SIMD Multimedia
Extensions(MMI). Its custom FPU is not
309:(CMOS) process, but with different process features. IDT fabricated the R5000 in a process with two levels of polysilicon and three levels of
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298:(address and data share the same set of wires) and can operate at clock frequencies up to 100 MHz. The initial R5000 did not support
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for integer instructions and another for floating-point to save transistors and die area to reduce cost. The R5000 did not perform
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in the branch-likely instructions first introduced in the MIPS II architecture to determine how likely a branch is taken.
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Quantum Effect
Devices (29 September 1997). "QED Introduces RM5270 Superscalar 64-bit Microprocessor". Press release.
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PMC-Sierra, Inc. (4 April 2001). "PMC-Sierra Ships Third
Generation R5200A MIPS Microprocessors". Press release.
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when the company acquired QED. Derivatives of the R5000 are still in production today for embedded systems.
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Quantum Effect
Devices (20 July 1998). "QED Introduces The RM52x1 Microprocessor Family". Press release.
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244:. The R5000 could simultaneously issue an integer and a floating-point instruction. It had one simple
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Quantum Effect
Devices (24 March 1997). "QED Introduces RM52xx Microprocessor Family". Press release.
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Quantum Effect Devices (6 July 1999). "QED's RM5271 Available Immediately at 300MHz". Press release.
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in its Power-Quad 4 packages, the RM5230 in a 128-pin version, and the RM5260 in a 208-pin version.
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and throughput for 32-bit integers, and for 64-bit integers, they are increased to 68 cycles.
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for cost reasons. Instead it uses a static approach, utilizing the hints encoded by the
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Computergram (8 January 1996). "MIPS Ready With R5000 Successor to the 4600/4700".
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Gwennap, Linley (22 January 1996). "R5000 Improves FP for MIPS Midrange".
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321:(PGA). It was not pin-compatible with any previous MIPS microprocessor.
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that is also used by several other MIPS microprocessors. The bus is
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Halfhill, Tom R. (May 1996). "Mips R5000: Fast, Affordable 3-D".
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Users of the R5000 in workstation and server computers were
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applications. These microprocessors were fabricated by the
68:(MTI), also the licensor. MTI then licensed the design to
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multiply-add and three-operand multiply instructions for
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Halfhill, Tom R. (April 1996). "R5000 Cuts 3-D Cost".
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complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor
120:low-end workstations. The R5000 was also used in
497:MIPS R5000 Microprocessor Technical Backgrounder
435:"System 16 - Midway Seattle Hardware (Midway)"
383:is a modified version of R5000 CPU dubbed the
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410:"System 16 - Atari Seattle Hardware (Atari)"
191:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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340:Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company
142:competition included the IBM and Motorola
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
64:(QED) in 1996. The project was funded by
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1598:Quantum Effect Devices microprocessors
7:
568:List of MIPS architecture processors
269:virtually indexed, physically tagged
267:, have a 32-byte line size, and are
189:adding citations to reliable sources
49:, in-order execution 2-issue design
240:design that executes instructions
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608:LS3A4000/LS3A4000-I(LS3A4000-i)
605:LS3A3000/LS3A3000-I(LS3A3000-i)
599:LS3A1000/LS3A1000-I(LS3A1000-i)
112:. SGI used the R5000 in their
84:. The R5000 succeeded the QED
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563:MIPS architecture processors
70:Integrated Device Technology
58:instruction set architecture
1603:Superscalar microprocessors
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369:After QED was acquired by
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336:digital signal processing
317:(BGA) or 223-pin ceramic
250:dynamic branch prediction
696:Velocity Micro T301 Cruz
693:Velocity Micro T103 Cruz
495:MIPS Technologies, Inc.
459:Computer Business Review
259:The R5000 had large L1
236:The R5000 is a two-way
1608:64-bit microprocessors
1294:Loongson-based systems
1244:MIPS R3000A-compatible
1166:Alchemy Semiconductor
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311:aluminium interconnect
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106:Silicon Graphics, Inc.
66:MIPS Technologies, Inc
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922:88E6318 "Link Street"
467:Microprocessor Report
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62:Quantum Effect Design
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1593:MIPS implementations
1254:PlayStation Portable
775:Microchip Technology
548:MIPS microprocessors
361:QED RM52x1 die shot.
232:NEC VR5000 die shot.
185:improve this section
53:that implements the
705:Ainol Novo7 Paladin
602:LS3A2000/LS3A1500-I
280:floating-point unit
60:(ISA) developed by
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888:/Infineon/Lantiq
886:Texas Instruments
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736:Loongson 2 Series
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558:MIPS architecture
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201:February 2010
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170:This section
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41:is a 64-bit,
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1567:H2 "Capitan"
1565:
1558:
1493:
663:Ben NanoNote
496:
487:
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471:
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458:
442:. Retrieved
438:
429:
417:. Retrieved
413:
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368:
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207:
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183:Please help
171:
140:
103:
38:
36:
26:
1256:R4000-based
1248:Nintendo 64
1036:Fusiv Vx180
685:Game Gadget
678:Dingoo A320
637:Application
444:30 November
419:30 November
325:Derivatives
296:multiplexed
238:superscalar
224:Description
152:Pentium Pro
144:PowerPC 604
126:Cobalt Qube
47:superscalar
1587:Categories
1560:H1 "Beast"
1388:processors
1355:compatible
1332:compatible
1287:compatible
1250:NEC VR4300
1193:compatible
1140:compatible
932:24Kc/24KEc
849:Networking
806:compatible
729:compatible
648:compatible
639:processors
588:compatible
579:processors
396:References
371:PMC-Sierra
130:Cobalt RaQ
108:(SGI) and
94:PMC-Sierra
33:NEC VR5000
1323:Aerospace
172:does not
148:PA-7300LC
146:, the HP
43:bi-endian
1437:MIPS III
1310:SiCortex
1304:LS3B1000
1301:LS3A1000
1200:Broadcom
1147:Broadcom
1128:RTL8198C
1103:MediaTek
1082:Broadcom
1069:MediaTek
958:MediaTek
876:MediaTek
856:4Kc/4KEc
817:LS1A0300
787:4Kc/4KEc
712:GCW-Zero
709:NEOGEO-X
683:JZ4750 (
676:JZ4740 (
669:JZ4730 (
623:LS3B4000
620:LS3B3000
617:LS3B2000
614:LS3B1500
611:LS3B1000
389:IEEE 754
254:compiler
246:pipeline
242:in-order
1534:R16000A
1524:R14000A
1514:R12000A
1486:MIPS IV
1419:MIPS II
1386:Classic
1235:various
1204:various
1170:Alchemy
1161:various
1151:various
1124:Realtek
1086:BCM4706
1063:QCA9558
918:Marvell
826:LS1C101
823:LS1C300
795:Xilleon
778:PIC32MX
701:JZ4770
690:JZ4760
659:JZ4720
577:General
193:removed
178:sources
137:History
82:Toshiba
72:(IDT),
55:MIPS IV
1551:MIPS V
1539:R18000
1529:R16000
1519:R14000
1509:R12000
1504:R10000
1462:R4300i
1396:MIPS I
1366:LS1E04
1353:MIPS32
1330:MIPS64
1285:MIPS64
1228:Gaming
1214:Octeon
1210:Cavium
1191:MIPS64
1157:Cavium
1138:MIPS32
1117:1074Kc
1107:MT7621
1096:1004Kc
1076:RT3883
1073:RT3662
1060:AR9344
1029:Ikanos
1023:GRX388
1020:VRX288
1013:Lantiq
993:DANUBE
989:Lantiq
983:MT7688
980:MT7628
977:MT7620
974:RT6856
971:RT5350
968:RT3350
965:RT3052
962:RT3050
952:AR9331
949:AR9132
946:AR7161
943:AR7240
901:AMAZON
897:Lantiq
880:RT2880
870:AR2318
867:AR2313
804:MIPS32
727:MIPS64
717:JZ4780
646:MIPS32
586:MIPS64
378:Sony's
352:RM7000
261:caches
80:, and
18:RM5230
1499:R8000
1494:R5000
1474:R4700
1469:R4600
1457:R4200
1450:R4400
1445:R4000
1427:R6000
1409:R3000
1404:R2000
1017:AR188
996:VINAX
284:R4700
100:Users
90:R4700
86:R4600
39:R5000
1372:LS1J
1049:74Kc
1006:34Kc
835:LS1H
832:LS1G
829:LS1D
820:LS1B
740:LS2H
489:Byte
480:Byte
474:(1).
446:2015
421:2015
278:The
176:any
174:cite
128:and
118:Indy
116:and
88:and
37:The
1181:XLR
911:5Kc
891:AR7
768:M4K
292:bus
187:by
78:NKK
74:NEC
1589::
472:10
470:,
437:.
412:.
114:O2
76:,
45:,
687:)
680:)
673:)
541:e
534:t
527:v
499:.
483:.
461:.
448:.
423:.
214:)
208:(
203:)
199:(
195:.
181:.
154:.
20:)
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